path: root/Grobs_Basic_Electronics_by_M_E_Schultz/Chapter28.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter 28 : Bipolar Junction Transistors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_1 Page No.  910"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Emitter Current Ie = 5.00 Amps\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has the following currents: Ib is\u0002 20 mA and Ic is 4.98 A. Calculate Ie.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Ib = 20*10**-3#      # Base current=20 mAmps\n",
    "Ic = 4.98#          # Collector current=4.98 Amps\n",
    "\n",
    "Ie = Ic+Ib#\n",
    "print 'The Emitter Current Ie = %0.2f Amps'%Ie"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_2 Page No.  912"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Collector Current Ic = 0.09804 Amps\n",
      "i.e 98.04 mAmps\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has the following currents: Ie is\u0002 100 mA, Ib is\u0002 1.96 mA. Calculate Ic.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Ie = 100.0*10**-3#      # Emitter current=100 mAmps\n",
    "Ib = 1.96*10**-3#     # Base current=4.98 Amps\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = Ie-Ib#\n",
    "print 'The Collector Current Ic = %0.5f Amps'%Ic\n",
    "print 'i.e 98.04 mAmps'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_3 Page No.  913"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Base Current Ib = 0.0010 Amps\n",
      "i.e 1 mAmps\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has the following currents: Ie is\u0002 50 mA, Ic is\u0002 49 mA. Calculate Ib.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Ie = 50.0*10**-3#      # Emitter current=50 mAmps\n",
    "Ic = 49.0*10**-3#      # Collector current=20 mAmps\n",
    "\n",
    "Ib = Ie-Ic#\n",
    "print 'The Base Current Ib = %0.4f Amps'%Ib\n",
    "print 'i.e 1 mAmps'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_4 Page No.  914"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Value of Alpha(dc) = 0.9960\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has the following currents: Ie is\u0002 15 mA, Ib is\u0002 60 u\u0004A. Calculate \u0002Alpha(dc).\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Ie = 15.*10**-3#      # Emitter current=15 mAmps\n",
    "Ib = 60.*10**-6#      # Base current=60 uAmps\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = Ie-Ib#\n",
    "\n",
    "Adc = Ic/Ie#\n",
    "print 'The Value of Alpha(dc) = %0.4f'%Adc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_5 Page No.  916"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Value of Beta(dc) = 200\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has the following currents: Ic is\u0002 10 mA and Ib is 50 uA. Calculate Beta(dc).\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = 10.*10**-3#      # Collector current=10 mAmps\n",
    "Ib = 50.*10**-6#      # Base current=50 uAmps\n",
    "\n",
    "Bdc = Ic/Ib#\n",
    "print 'The Value of Beta(dc) = %0.f'%Bdc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_6 Page No.  918"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Collector Current Ic = 0.01125 Amps\n",
      "i.e 11.25 mAmps\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has Beta(dc) of 150 and Ib of 75 uAmps. Calculate Ic.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Bdc = 150.#          # Beta(dc)=150\n",
    "Ib = 75.*10**-6#      # Base current=75 uAmps\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = Bdc*Ib#\n",
    "print 'The Collector Current Ic = %0.5f Amps'%Ic\n",
    "print 'i.e 11.25 mAmps'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_7 Page No.  920"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Value of Alpha(dc) = 0.9901\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has Beta(dc) of 100. Calculate Alpha(dc).\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Bdc = 100.0#  # Beta(dc)=100\n",
    "\n",
    "Adc = Bdc/(1+Bdc)#\n",
    "print 'The Value of Alpha(dc) = %0.4f'%Adc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_8 Page No.  922"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Value of Beta(dc) =199.00\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A transistor has Alpha(dc) of 0.995. Calculate Beta(dc).\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Adc = 0.995#  # Alpha(dc)=100\n",
    "\n",
    "Bdc = Adc/(1-Adc)#\n",
    "print 'The Value of Beta(dc) =%0.2f'%Bdc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_9 Page No.  922"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Power Dissipation = 0.05 Watts\n",
      "i.e 50 mWatts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Calculate Pd if Vcc is 10 V and Ib is 50 uAmps. Assume Beta(dc) is 100.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Bdc = 100.#          # Beta(dc)=100\n",
    "Ib = 50.*10**-6#      # Base current=50 uAmps\n",
    "Vcc = 10.#           # Supply voltage=10 Volts\n",
    "\n",
    "Vce = Vcc\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = Bdc*Ib#\n",
    "\n",
    "Pd = Vce*Ic#\n",
    "print 'The Power Dissipation = %0.2f Watts'%Pd\n",
    "print 'i.e 50 mWatts'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_10 Page No.  922"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Maximum Allowable Collector Current Ic(max) = 0.025 Amps\n",
      "i.e 25 mAmps\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The transistor has a power rating of 0.5 W. If Vce is\u0002 20 V, calculate the maximum allowable collector current, Ic, that can exist without exceeding the transistor’s power rating.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Pdmax = 0.5#        # Power dissipation(max)=0.5 Watts\n",
    "Vce = 20.#           # Voltage (collector to emitter)=20 Volts\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = Pdmax/Vce#\n",
    "print 'The Maximum Allowable Collector Current Ic(max) = %0.3f Amps'%Ic\n",
    "print 'i.e 25 mAmps'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_11 Page No.  923"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Power Rating at 50°C = 0.28 Watts\n",
      "i.e 280 mWatts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Assume that a transistor has a power rating Pd(max) of 350 mW at an ambient temperature Ta of 25°C. The derating factor is 2.8 mW/°C. Calculate the power rating at 50°C.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "f = 2.8*10**-3#      # Derating factor=2.8 mW/°C\n",
    "Pd = 350.*10**-3#     # Power dissipation(max)=350 mWatts\n",
    "Ta = 25.#            # Ambient Temperature=25°C\n",
    "Tp = 50.#            # Power rating at 50°C\n",
    "\n",
    "delT = Tp-Ta#       # Difference between max and min temp\n",
    "\n",
    "delPd = delT*f#\n",
    "\n",
    "Prat = Pd-delPd#\n",
    "print 'The Power Rating at 50°C = %0.2f Watts'%Prat\n",
    "print 'i.e 280 mWatts'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_12 Page No.  923"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Base Current = 0.0000 Amps.\n",
      "Approx 28.97 mAmps\n",
      "The Collector Current = 0.0043 Amps\n",
      "Approx 4.35 mAmps\n",
      "The Voltage Collector-Emitter = 5.48 Volts\n",
      "Q(5.480769,0.004346)\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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FJ5GpwOqIWBMRm4AFwKyqMjOBiwEiYgkwXtKEWnUj4uqI2JLqLwH2KHg9zKzJ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\nzx/dnGUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fbd5f1197d0>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show,title\n",
    "# Solve for Ib, Ic, Vce. Also, Construct a dc load line showing the valuse of Ic(sat), Vce(off), Icq, Vceq.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "Vcc = 12.#               # Supply voltage=12 Volts\n",
    "Vbe = 0.7#              # Base-Emitter Voltage=0.7 Volts\n",
    "Rb = 390.*10**3#          # Base Resistor=390K Ohms\n",
    "Rc = 1.5*10**3#          # Collector Resistor=1.5K Ohms\n",
    "B = 150.#                # Beta(dc)=150\n",
    "\n",
    "Ib = (Vcc-Vbe)/Rb#\n",
    "print 'The Base Current = %0.4f Amps.'%Ib\n",
    "print 'Approx 28.97 mAmps'\n",
    "\n",
    "Icq = B*Ib#\n",
    "print 'The Collector Current = %0.4f Amps'%Icq\n",
    "print 'Approx 4.35 mAmps'\n",
    "\n",
    "Vceq = Vcc-(Icq*Rc)#\n",
    "print  'The Voltage Collector-Emitter = %0.2f Volts'%Vceq\n",
    "\n",
    "# For DC load line\n",
    "\n",
    "Icsat = (Vcc/Rc)#\n",
    "Vceoff = Vcc#\n",
    "\n",
    "Vce1=[Vceoff, Vceq ,0]\n",
    "Ic1=[0 ,Icq ,Icsat]\n",
    "\n",
    "#To plot DC load line\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"Q(%f,%f)\\n\"%(Vceq,Icq)\n",
    "plot(Vce1, Ic1)\n",
    "plot(Vceq,Icq)\n",
    "plot(0,Icq)\n",
    "plot(Vceq,0)\n",
    "plot(0,Icsat)\n",
    "plot(Vceoff,0)\n",
    "xlabel(\"Vce in volt\")\n",
    "ylabel(\"Ic in Ampere\")\n",
    "title(\"DC Load-line for Base-Biased Transistor Circuit\")\n",
    "show()      "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_13 Page No.  924"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Base Voltage = 2.61 Volts\n",
      "The Emmiter Voltage = 1.91 Volts\n",
      "The Collector Voltage = 10.65 Volts\n",
      "Approx 10.65 Volts\n",
      "The Collector-Emitter Voltage = 8.74 Volts\n",
      "Approx 8.74 Volts\n",
      "The Current Ic(sat) = 0.01 Amps\n",
      "i.e 9.52 mAmps\n",
      "The Voltage Vce(off) = 18.00 Volts\n",
      "Q(8.737067,0.004901)\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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CL74IzYGLipKOSKRmctHZsBNwPtCRrQ+l0gCMIpE7PPwwXHEF/OxnMGoU7Lxz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\nxAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fbd5f078490>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show,title\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solve for Vb, Ve, Ic, Vc, and Vce. Also, calculate Ic(sat) and Vce(off). Finally, construct a dc load line showing the values of Ic(sat), Vce(off), Icq, and Vceq.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "R1 = 33.*10**3#       # Resistor 1=33 kOhms\n",
    "R2 = 5.6*10**3#      # Resistor 2=5.6 kOhms\n",
    "Rc = 1.5*10**3#      # Collector resistance=1.5 kOhms\n",
    "Re = 390.#           # Emitter resistance=390 Ohms\n",
    "Bdc = 200.#          # Beta(dc)= 200\n",
    "Vcc = 18.#           # Supply voltage = 18 Volts\n",
    "Vbe = 0.7#          # Base-Emmiter Voltage=0.7 Volts\n",
    "\n",
    "Vb = Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n",
    "print 'The Base Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Vb\n",
    "\n",
    "Ve = Vb-Vbe#\n",
    "print 'The Emmiter Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Ve\n",
    "\n",
    "Ie = Ve/Re#         # Emitter current\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = Ie#\n",
    "\n",
    "Vc = Vcc-(Ic*Rc)#\n",
    "print 'The Collector Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Vc\n",
    "print 'Approx 10.65 Volts'\n",
    "\n",
    "Vce = Vcc-(Ic*(Rc+Re))#\n",
    "print 'The Collector-Emitter Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Vce\n",
    "print 'Approx 8.74 Volts'\n",
    "\n",
    "Icsat = Vcc/(Rc+Re)#\n",
    "print 'The Current Ic(sat) = %0.2f Amps'%Icsat\n",
    "print 'i.e 9.52 mAmps'\n",
    "\n",
    "Vceoff = Vcc#\n",
    "print 'The Voltage Vce(off) = %0.2f Volts'%Vceoff\n",
    "\n",
    "Icq = Ic\n",
    "Vceq = Vce\n",
    "\n",
    "Vce1=[Vcc, Vceq, 0]\n",
    "Ic1=[0, Icq, Icsat]\n",
    "\n",
    "#To plot DC load line\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"Q(%f,%f)\\n\"%(Vceq,Icq)\n",
    "plot(Vce1, Ic1)\n",
    "plot(Vceq,Icq)\n",
    "plot(0,Icq)\n",
    "plot(Vceq,0)\n",
    "plot(0,Icsat)\n",
    "plot(Vceoff,0)\n",
    "xlabel(\"Vce in Volt\")\n",
    "ylabel(\"Ic in mAmps\")\n",
    "title(\"DC Load-line for Voltage Divider-Biased Transistor Circuit\")\n",
    "show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_14 Page No.  925"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Base Voltage = -1.90 Volts\n",
      "Approx -1.9 Volts\n",
      "The Emitter Voltage = -1.20 Volts\n",
      "Approx -1.2 Volts\n",
      "The Collector Current = 0.00 Amps\n",
      "Approx 2.4 mAmps\n",
      "The Collector Voltage = -7.21 Volts\n",
      "The Collector-Emitter Voltage = -6.01 Volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# For the pnp transistor, solve for Vb, Ve, Ic, Vc, and Vce.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "R1 = 33.*10**3#     # Resistor1=33 kOhms\n",
    "R2 = 6.2*10**3#    # Resistor2=6.2 kOhms\n",
    "Rc = 2.*10**3#      # Collector resistance=2 kOhms\n",
    "Re = 500.#         # Emitter resistance=500 Ohms\n",
    "Vcc = 12.#         # Supply voltage=12 Volts\n",
    "Vbe = 0.7#        # Base-Emmiter Voltage=0.7 Volts\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Vb = -Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n",
    "print 'The Base Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Vb\n",
    "print 'Approx -1.9 Volts'\n",
    "\n",
    "Ve = Vb-(-Vbe)#\n",
    "print 'The Emitter Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Ve\n",
    "print 'Approx -1.2 Volts'\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = -(Ve/Re)#     # Ic =~ Ie\n",
    "print 'The Collector Current = %0.2f Amps'%Ic\n",
    "print 'Approx 2.4 mAmps'\n",
    "\n",
    "Vc = -Vcc+(Ic*Rc)\n",
    "print 'The Collector Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Vc\n",
    "\n",
    "Vce = -Vcc+(Ic*(Rc+Re))#\n",
    "print 'The Collector-Emitter Voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Vce"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example No. 28_15 Page No. 926"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Emitter current = 0.0053 Amps\n",
      "i.e 5.3 mAmps\n",
      "The Collector voltage = 7.05 Volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Calculate Ie and Vc\n",
    "\n",
    "# Given data\n",
    "\n",
    "Vee = 6.#        # Supply voltage at emitter=6 Volts\n",
    "Vcc = 15.#       # Supply voltage at collector=15 Volts\n",
    "Vbe = 0.7#      # Base-Emmiter Voltage=0.7 Volts\n",
    "Rc = 1.5*10**3#  # Collector resistance=1.5 kOhms\n",
    "Re = 1.*10**3#    # Emitter resistance=1 kOhms\n",
    "\n",
    "Ie = (Vee-Vbe)/Re#\n",
    "print 'The Emitter current = %0.4f Amps'%Ie\n",
    "print 'i.e 5.3 mAmps'\n",
    "\n",
    "Ic = Ie#        # Ic =~ Ie\n",
    "\n",
    "Vc = Vcc-Ic*Rc#\n",
    "print 'The Collector voltage = %0.2f Volts'%Vc"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 2",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python2"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 2
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