path: root/Fundamentals_of_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer/Chapter_12.ipynb

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   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Radiation: Processes and Properties"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.1 Page 731 "
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "A1 = .001\t\t;#[m^2] Area of emitter\n",
      "In  = 7000\t\t;#[W/m^2.Sr] Intensity of radiation in normal direction\n",
      "A2 = .001\t\t;#[m^2] Area of other intercepting plates\n",
      "A3 = A2\t\t\t;#[m^2] Area of other intercepting plates\n",
      "A4 = A2\t\t\t;#[m^2] Area of other intercepting plates\n",
      "r = .5\t\t\t;#[m] Distance of each plate from emitter\n",
      "theta1 = 60.\t;#[deg] Angle between surface 1 normal & direction of radiation to surface 2\n",
      "theta2 = 30.\t;#[deg] Angle between surface 2 normal & direction of radiation to surface 1\n",
      "theta3 = 45.\t;#[deg] Angle between surface 1 normal & direction of radiation to surface 4\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "#From equation 12.2\n",
      "w31 = A3/(r*r);\n",
      "w41 = w31;\n",
      "w21 = A2*math.cos(theta2*0.0174532925)/(r*r);\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#From equation 12.6\n",
      "q12 = In*A1*math.cos(theta1*0.0174532925)*w21;\n",
      "q13 = In*A1*math.cos(0*math.pi/180.)*w31;\n",
      "q14 = In*A1*math.cos(theta3*0.0174532925)*w41;\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %d %s' %(\"\\n (a) As Intensity of emitted radiation is independent of direction, for each of the three directions I = \",In,\"W/m^2.sr\")\n",
      "print '%s' %(\"\\n\\n (b) By the Three Surfaces\\n         Solid angles subtended                Rate at which radiation is intercepted \\n\")\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"w4-1 =\",w41,\" sr\")\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\t \\t \\t \\t  \\t \\t q1-4 =\",q14,\" W\") \n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\nw3-1 = \",w31,\" sr\")\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\t \\t \\t \\t \\t \\t q1-3 =\",q13,\" W\")\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\n w2-1 = \",w21,\" sr\")\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\t \\t \\t \\t \\t \\tq1-2 = \",q12,\" W \");\n",
      "#END\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " (a) As Intensity of emitted radiation is independent of direction, for each of the three directions I =  7000 W/m^2.sr\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        " (b) By the Three Surfaces\n",
        "         Solid angles subtended                Rate at which radiation is intercepted \n",
        "\n",
        "w4-1 = 4.00e-03  sr\n",
        "\t \t \t \t  \t \t q1-4 = 1.98e-02  W\n",
        "\n",
        "w3-1 =  4.00e-03  sr\n",
        "\t \t \t \t \t \t q1-3 = 2.80e-02  W\n",
        "\n",
        " w2-1 =  3.46e-03  sr\n",
        "\t \t \t \t \t \tq1-2 =  1.21e-02  W \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.2 Page 734"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
      "%pylab inline\n",
      "# Total Irradiation\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "x=([0, 5, 20, 25]);\n",
      "y=([0, 1000, 1000, 0]);\n",
      "\n",
      "plt.plot(x,y);\n",
      "plt.xlabel(\"Spectral Distribution\")\n",
      "plt.ylabel(\"wavelength (micro-m)\")\n",
      "#By Equation 12.4\n",
      "G = 1000*(5-0)/2. +1000*(20-5)+1000*(25-20)/2.;\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %d %s' %(\"\\n G =\",G,\" W/m^2\");\n",
      "#END"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n",
        "\n",
        " G = 20000  W/m^2"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
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ixYtRUlKCGTNm4Ntvv0VVVRViYmJw7NgxdLjh2sNqPeWWKXAi96WFdLit351tjjTGjx+P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\nVFRUYN++fYiJiUF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       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x391dbd0>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.3 Page 741"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "T = 2000.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8)\t\t;#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "E = stfncnstt*T*T*T*T;        \t\t\t#[W/m^2]\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Table 12.1 \n",
      "constt1 = 2195.    ;   \t\t\t\t\t#[micro-m.K]\n",
      "wl1 = constt1/T;\n",
      "#From Table 12.1 \n",
      "constt2 = 9382.   ;    \t\t\t\t\t#[micro-m.K]\n",
      "wl2 = constt2/T;\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Weins Law, wlmax*T = consttmax = 2898 micro-m.K\n",
      "consttmax = 2898         \t\t\t\t;#micro-m.K\n",
      "wlmax = consttmax/T;\n",
      "#from Table 12.1 at wlmax = 1.45 micro-m.K and T = 2000 K\n",
      "I = .722*stfncnstt*T*T*T*T*T/10000.;\n",
      "Eb = math.pi*I;\n",
      "\n",
      "G = E;        #[W/m^2] Irradiation of any small object inside the enclosure is equal to emission from blackbody at enclosure temperature\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\n (a) Spectral Emissive Power of a small aperture on the enclosure =\",E,\" W/m^2.Sr for each of the three directions\")\n",
      "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n (b) Wavelength below which 10percent of the radiation is concentrated = \",wl1,\" micro-m \\n\")    \n",
      "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\" Wavelength above which 10percent of the radiation is concentrated = \",wl2,\" micro-m \\n\")\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s %.2e %s' %(\"(c) Spectral emissive power and wavelength associated with maximum emission is \",Eb,\"micro-m and\",wlmax,\" W/m^2.micro-m respectively\")\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\n (d) Irradiation on a small object inside the enclosure =\",G,\"W/m^2\");\n",
      "#END"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " (a) Spectral Emissive Power of a small aperture on the enclosure = 9.07e+05  W/m^2.Sr for each of the three directions\n",
        "\n",
        " (b) Wavelength below which 10percent of the radiation is concentrated =  1.1  micro-m \n",
        "\n",
        " Wavelength above which 10percent of the radiation is concentrated =  4.69  micro-m \n",
        "\n",
        "(c) Spectral emissive power and wavelength associated with maximum emission is  4.12e+05 micro-m and 1.45e+00  W/m^2.micro-m respectively\n",
        "\n",
        " (d) Irradiation on a small object inside the enclosure = 9.07e+05 W/m^2\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.4 Page 743 "
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import scipy\n",
      "from scipy import integrate\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "T = 1500.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8)\t\t;#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Equation 12.26 Black Body Radiation\n",
      "Eb = stfncnstt*T*T*T*T;        \t\t\t#[W/m^2]\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Table 12.1 as wl1*T = 2*1500 (micro-m.K)\n",
      "F02 = .273;\n",
      "#From Table 12.1 as wl2*T = 4*1500 (micro-m.K)\n",
      "F04 = .738;\n",
      "def func(x):\n",
      "\tfunc = 2*math.cos(x) *math.sin(x)\n",
      "\treturn func;\n",
      "\n",
      "#From equation 12.10 and 12.11\n",
      "i1 = scipy.integrate.quad(func,0,math.pi/3.);\n",
      "delE = i1[0] *(F04-F02)*Eb;\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"\\n Rate of emission per unit area over all directions between 0 degC and 60 degC and over all wavelengths between wavelengths 2 micro-m and 4 micro-m =\",delE,\" W/m^2\");\n",
      "#END"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " Rate of emission per unit area over all directions between 0 degC and 60 degC and over all wavelengths between wavelengths 2 micro-m and 4 micro-m = 1.00e+05  W/m^2\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.5 Page 748"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "T = 1600.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "wl1 = 2            \t\t\t\t\t\t;#[micro-m] wavelength 1\n",
      "wl2 = 5            \t\t\t\t\t\t;#[micro-m] wavelength 2\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8);\t\t#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "# From the given graph of emissivities\n",
      "e1 = .4;\n",
      "e2 = .8;\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Equation 12.26 Black Body Radiation\n",
      "Eb = stfncnstt*T*T*T*T; \t       \t\t#[W/m^2]\n",
      "\n",
      "#Solution (A)\n",
      "#From Table 12.1 as wl1*T = 2*1600 (micro-m.K)\n",
      "F02 = .318;\n",
      "#From Table 12.1 as wl2*T = 5*1600 (micro-m.K)\n",
      "F05 = .856;\n",
      "#From Equation 12.36\n",
      "e = e1*F02 + e2*(F05 - F02);\n",
      "\n",
      "#Solution (B)\n",
      "#From equation 12.35\n",
      "E = e*Eb;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Solution (C)\n",
      "#For maximum condition Using Weins Law\n",
      "consttmax = 2898.        \t\t\t\t;#[micro-m.K]\n",
      "wlmax = consttmax/T;\n",
      "\n",
      "#equation 12.32 with Table 12.1\n",
      "E1 = math.pi*e1*.722*stfncnstt*T*T*T*T*T/10000.;\n",
      "\n",
      "E2 = math.pi*e2*.706*stfncnstt*T*T*T*T*T/10000.;\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %.3f' %(\"\\n (a) Total hemispherical emissivity =\",e)\n",
      "print '%s %d %s' %(\"\\n (b) Total emissive Power =\",E/1000. ,\" kW/m^2\")\n",
      "print '%s %.1f %s %.1f %s ' %(\"\\n (c) Emissive Power at wavelength 2micro-m is greater than Emissive power at maximum wavelength \\n     i.e.\",E2/1000.,\" kW/m^2 >\",E1/1000.,\" kW/m^2\")\n",
      "print '%s %d %s' %(\"\\n     Thus, Peak emission occurs at\",wl1,\"micro-m\");\n",
      "#END"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " (a) Total hemispherical emissivity = 0.558\n",
        "\n",
        " (b) Total emissive Power = 207  kW/m^2\n",
        "\n",
        " (c) Emissive Power at wavelength 2micro-m is greater than Emissive power at maximum wavelength \n",
        "     i.e. 105.5  kW/m^2 > 53.9  kW/m^2 \n",
        "\n",
        "     Thus, Peak emission occurs at 2 micro-m\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.6 Page 751"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import scipy\n",
      "from scipy import integrate\n",
      "\n",
      "T = 2000.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "wl = 1            \t\t\t\t\t\t;#[micro-m] wavelength \n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8);\t\t#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "\n",
      "# From the given graph of emissivities\n",
      "e1 = .3;\n",
      "e2 = .6;\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Equation 12.26 Black Body Radiation\n",
      "Eb = stfncnstt*T*T*T*T;        \t\t\t\t\t\t#[W/m^2]\n",
      "def func1(x):\n",
      "\tfunc1=e1*math.cos(x) *math.sin(x);\n",
      "\treturn func1;\n",
      "\n",
      "def func2(x):\n",
      "\tfunc2=e2*math.cos(x) *math.sin(x);\n",
      "\treturn func2;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Equation 12.34\n",
      "i1 = scipy.integrate.quad(func1,0,math.pi/3.);\n",
      "i2 = scipy.integrate.quad(func2,math.pi/3. ,4*math.pi/9.);\n",
      "e = 2*(i1[0]+i2[0]);\n",
      "\n",
      "# From Table 12.1 at wl = 1 micro-m and T = 2000 K.\n",
      "\n",
      "I = .493*math.pow(10,-4) * stfncnstt*T*T*T*T*T        ;#[W/m^2.micro-m.sr]\n",
      "\n",
      "In = e1*I;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Using Equation 12.32 for wl = 1 micro-m and T = 2000 K\n",
      "E = e*math.pi*I;\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %.1f' %('\\n Spectral Normal emissivity en =',e1)\n",
      "print '%s %.2f' %('and spectral hemispherical emissivity e = ',e)\n",
      "print '%s %.2e %s' %('\\n Spectral normal intensity In =',In,' W/m^2.micro-m.sr')\n",
      "print '%s %.1e %s' % ('and Spectral emissive power =',E,' W/m^2.micro-m.sr ');"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " Spectral Normal emissivity en = 0.3\n",
        "and spectral hemispherical emissivity e =  0.36\n",
        "\n",
        " Spectral normal intensity In = 2.68e+04  W/m^2.micro-m.sr\n",
        "and Spectral emissive power = 1.0e+05  W/m^2.micro-m.sr \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.7 Page 759"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import matplotlib\n",
      "from matplotlib import pyplot\n",
      "%pylab inline\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "T = 500.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "e = .8;\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8);\t\t#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "x=([0, 6, 8, 16]);\n",
      "y=([.8, .8, 0, 0]);\n",
      "\n",
      "pyplot.xlabel(\"Spectral Distribution of reflectivity\")\n",
      "pyplot.ylabel(\"wavelength (micro-m)\");\n",
      "pyplot.plot(x,y);\n",
      "pyplot.show();\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#From equation 12.43 and 12.44\n",
      "Gabs = (.2*500/2.*(6.-2.)+500*(.2*(8.-6.)+(1.-.2)*(8.-6.)/2.)+1*500*(12.-8.)+500*(16.-12.)/2.)  ;#[w/m^2]\n",
      "G = (500*(6.-2.)/2.+500*(12.-6.)+500*(16.-12.)/2.)            \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[w/m^2]\n",
      "a = Gabs/G;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Neglecting convection effects net het flux to the surface\n",
      "qnet = a*G - e*stfncnstt*T*T*T*T;\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %.2f' %('\\n Total, hemispherical absorptivity',a)\n",
      "print '%s %.2f %s' %('\\n Nature of surface temperature change =',qnet,' W/m^2 \\n Since qnet > 0, the sirface temperature will increase with the time');"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
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CAgLwHf81koyioqyDyuXlwG23yZ2GyHs4MY3IgfvuA556CkhNlTsJ0Y3zuYlp\nRM0Ru42oNWJBIHKABYFaI3YZETlw4gTQty9w+jS31KTmi11GRB4QFgZ06AD88ovcSYi8hwWBqBHs\nNqLWhgWBqBEsCNTasCAQNYIFgVobDioTNeLiRetYwtmzQGCg3GmI3MdBZSIPCQmxzlr+/nu5kxB5\nBwsCURPYbUStCQsCURNYEKg1YUEgagILArUmHFQmakJ1NXDrrcCxY9aJakTNCQeViTwoIACIjQV2\n75Y7CZH0WBCInGC3EbUWLAhETrAgUGsheUHIz8+HWq1GTEwMsrKyGnz+p59+QmJiIoKCgrBo0SKp\n4xC5jQWBWgtJt9CsqqrCtGnTUFBQgLCwMCQmJuLee++FVqu1tenSpQuWLFmCTz/9VMooRDesZ0/g\n8mXrwHKPHnKnIZKOpHcIhYWFUKlUCA8Ph7+/P9LS0pCXl2fXplu3boiPj0dAQICUUYhumEJhvUvY\nuVPuJETSkrQgmM1mRERE2I6VSiXMZrOUX5JIEuw2otZA0i4jhQe3msrMzLS9bzAYYDAYPHZtImf0\nemDxYrlTEDXNaDTCaDTe8PmSFgSlUgmTyWQ7NplMdncM7qhfEIi8LSHB2mVksQB+fDaPfNT1fyzP\nnTvXrfMl/V87ISEBxcXFKCsrQ3V1NXJzc5GSkuKwLWciky/r1g3o3Bk4eFDuJETSkfQOISgoCNnZ\n2UhOTobFYkF6ejp0Oh1ycnIAABkZGSgvL0dCQgIqKirg5+eHt99+Gz/88ANCQkKkjEbktrpxhD59\n5E5CJA2uZUTkojffBEpLgSVL5E5C5BquZUQkET5pRC0d7xCIXHTpEhAaCpw5A7RtK3caIud4h0Ak\nkXbtgN69gaIiuZMQSYMFgcgN7DailowFgcgNLAjUkrEgELmBBYFaMg4qE7mhpsa6pabZDHTsKHca\noqZxUJlIQv7+gFYL7NoldxIiz2NBIHITu42opWJBIHITCwK1VCwIRG5iQaCWigWByE133AFUVwNl\nZXInIfIsFgQiN9Vtqcm7BGppWBCIbgALArVELAhEN4AFgVoiSQtCfn4+1Go1YmJikJWV5bDN9OnT\noVKpoNPpsHfvXinjEHlMQoJ1LoLFIncSIs+RrCBUVVVh2rRpyM/PR1FREdauXdvgBf/jjz/G0aNH\nceDAAbz33nuYPHmyVHG84mY2t/Ym5rx5XbpYt9VcscIodxSX+PLPsj7mlJdkBaGwsBAqlQrh4eHw\n9/dHWlrZjAnvAAAQSUlEQVQa8vLy7Np88cUXSE9PBwBotVrU1NTAbDZLFUlyzeV/Eub0DL0e+OQT\no9wxXOLrP8s6zCkvyQqC2WxGRESE7VipVDZ4sXelDZGv0uv56Cm1LP5SXVihULjU7vqFl1w9j0hu\nej3w5z8DqalyJ3GupATYvVvuFM4xp8yERLZs2SJGjhxpO16wYIGYN2+eXZspU6aIjz76yHasUqmE\n2WxucK2oqCgBgG984xvf+ObGW1RUlFuv25LdISQkJKC4uBhlZWUIDQ1Fbm4ucnJy7Nrcf//9+OCD\nD/Dwww9jz549aNOmDcLDwxtc65dffpEqJhERXSNZQQgKCkJ2djaSk5NhsViQnp4OnU5nKwoZGRl4\n6KGHsGnTJqhUKrRt2xbvv/++VHGIiMiJZrFBDhERSc+nZyq7MrFNbiaTCffccw/UajX69OmDBQsW\nyB2pSbW1tdBqtUj14ZHQc+fOYezYsdBoNOjbty927NghdySH5syZgzvvvBPR0dF4+OGHUVlZKXck\nAMCUKVMQFhYGtVpt+9iZM2cwYsQI9O/fH8nJyTh37pyMCa0c5fzTn/6EmJgYxMTEYNSoUTh9+rSM\nCR1nrLNo0SL4+fnhzJkzMiSz11jOJUuWQKPRQK1WY9asWc4v5NaIgxdduXJFREZGCrPZLKqrq0V8\nfLzYs2eP3LEaKC8vF99//70QQogLFy6I3r17i3379smcqnGLFi0Sv//970VqaqrcURr18MMPi1Wr\nVgkhhKitrRXnz5+XOVFDBw8eFD179hRVVVVCCCHGjRsnli1bJnMqqy1btog9e/aIfv362T729NNP\ni8WLFwshhFi8eLGYPn26XPFsHOXcuHGjqK2tFUIIMXv2bDFjxgy54gkhHGcUQoijR4+K5ORkERkZ\nKU6fPi1Tuv9wlPPzzz8XI0eOFNXV1UIIIU6dOuX0Oj57h+DKxDZfEBYWhn79+gEAQkJC0L9/fxw7\ndkzmVI6ZzWZ88cUXmDp1qs/uUX369Gns27cPjzzyCADAz88PHTp0kDlVQ507d0ZAQAAuXbqEmpoa\nVFZW4o477pA7FgBg8ODBuPXWW+0+Vn8S6IQJE3zi35KjnEOHDoWfn/Vl6e6770aZzBM9HGUErHcy\nvtQb4CjnsmXLMHv2bPj7W4eKu3Tp4vQ6PlsQmuOktcOHD2Pnzp0YNGiQ3FEc+uMf/4g33njD9g/O\nFx08eBDdunXDuHHj0K9fP0ycOBEXL16UO1YDnTt3xsyZM3H77bejR48e6NSpE5KSkuSO1ajffvvN\n9oLQtWtXnDx5UuZEzi1duhRjxoyRO0YDn332GZRKJfr37y93lCb99NNP+OqrrxAbG4vExERs377d\n6Tk++8rQ3CaoXbx4EWPHjsXbb7+N9u3byx2ngc8//xyhoaHQarU+e3cAABaLBTt37sSsWbNQXFyM\nzp0749VXX5U7VgOHDh3CW2+9hcOHD+PYsWO4ePEiVq5cKXesFuO1115DYGAgHn30Ubmj2KmsrMT8\n+fMxd+5c28d89d+TxWLBhQsXsG/fPrzzzjsYP36806w+WxCUSiVMJpPt2GQy2d0x+JLq6mo89NBD\n+P3vf48HHnhA7jgObd++HevWrUPPnj3xyCOPYOPGjZg4caLcsRqIiIhAeHg4EhISAAAPP/ww9u3b\nJ3Oqhr777jsMHDgQXbp0gb+/Px588EEUFBTIHatR3bp1w6lTpwBY7xZCQ0NlTtS4//u//0NeXp5P\nFthDhw7h8OHD0Gg06NmzJ8xmM+Li4nzyjisiIgIPPvggAOu8sMDAQJw4caLJc3y2INSf2FZdXY3c\n3FykpKTIHasBIQQef/xxxMTE4I9//KPccRo1f/58mEwmlJaWYvXq1Rg2bBj++c9/yh2rgYiICHTt\n2hU///wzAGDDhg3o27evzKka6tWrF/7973/j8uXLEEJgw4YN6NWrl9yxGlU3CRQAPvjgA9x///0y\nJ3IsPz8fCxYswLp16xAUFCR3nAbUajVOnDiB0tJSlJaWQqlUYs+ePT5ZYEeOHImNGzcCAH7++WdU\nVlY6zynBgLfHfPHFF0KlUom+ffuK+fPnyx3Hoa1btwqFQiE0Go2IjY0VsbGx4ssvv5Q7VpOMRqNP\nP2W0b98+ER8fL2JiYkRKSoo4c+aM3JEcmjNnjujVq5e48847RVpamrh8+bLckYQQQowfP150795d\nBAQECKVSKf7xj3+I06dPi6SkJKFWq8WIESPE2bNn5Y7ZIOd7770nevXqJW6//Xbbv6Vp06b5RMbA\nwEDbz7K+nj17+sRTRo5yXr16VUyYMEGoVCqhUqnEV1995fQ6nJhGREQAfLjLiIiIvIsFgYiIALAg\nEBHRNSwIREQEgAWBiIiuYUEgIiIALAityl/+8hf06dMHGo0GGo0GhYWFHr3+/Pnzb+g8g8GA3Q42\nqDUYDIiOjkZcXBw0Gg2eeeYZnD9/3vb5u++++6byjBw5EhUVFTh8+LDD5Y2bsnnzZrtluXNycrBi\nxQq3ruGumTNnom/fvpg9e/YNnX/16lUYDAbExsYiNzcXQ4cOdfhzd2b//v348ssvbcfr1693ujz9\nnDlzbJOk3nrrLVy+fNntr0teIPmMCfIJmzZtEomJieLq1atCCCHOnz8vjh8/7tGvERIS4vDjFotF\nWCyWRs8zGAxi9+7dTX68pqZGzJkzRwwZMsTjeUpLSxssb+zMnDlzxMKFC90652Z17NixyZ+jENaf\nU2N27NghkpKSbMeN/dydef/998XTTz/t9nl1IiMjXVqKmbyPdwitxG+//YZu3bohICAAANChQwfc\ndtttAIDIyEjMnj0b8fHx0Gg0KCkpAQCUl5dj1KhR0Gg0iI2NxebNmwEAFy5cwPjx46FSqaDRaLB2\n7Vq88MILuHz5MrRaLdLT03HkyBH06dMHkyZNQmxsLMxmM5588kkkJCTgzjvvxPPPP+9SbnFt3mSb\nNm2QmZmJ48eP4/vvvwdgXW4csK6Me88990Cr1UKtVmPr1q14/vnnneaJjIy0bW5SU1ODiRMnol+/\nfhg1apRts5v6bXbt2oWhQ4fiyJEjyMnJweLFi6HValFQUIDMzEwsWrQIgHWdo7osKSkptvMNBgOe\nf/55DBw4ED179rT9xVyfxWLBM888Y9skpm55kdGjR+PixYvQ6XTIzc21OyczMxPp6ekwGAyYNGkS\nTpw4gZEjR9r93n777TdMmDABO3fuhE6nw6+//mp3jXXr1iEuLg5qtRpjxozBhQsXAADbtm1DfHw8\nYmNjodfrUVFRgZdffhlr1qyBVqtFbm4uli9fjmeeeQYVFRWIjIy0XfPSpUu4/fbbUVNTg0mTJuHj\njz/GkiVLcOzYMQwdOhTDhg3D+++/b7fky9///nf86U9/cun/DZKA3BWJvOP8+fOiX79+Ijo6Wjz5\n5JNiw4YNts9FRkaKrKwsIYQQK1euFPfee68QQoj/+q//EgUFBUIIIY4cOSKioqKEEEJMnz5dPPvs\ns3bXFsL+L/LS0lLh5+cndu3a1aBdTU2NMBgMts+5codQZ/z48SI3N9fu62VlZdnyCyHExYsXXcpT\nt7lJaWmpUCgUorCwUAghxBNPPGFbKqX+Big7d+4UBoNBCCFEZmamWLRoke1a9Y/vvPNOsW3bNiGE\nEHPnzhVPPvmk7fuZPXu2EMK6LIuju52VK1eK5ORkIYQQp0+fFj169BBlZWUNvp/65syZI+Lj420b\noTT2ezMajWLUqFG28+p+vuXl5SIxMVFUVlYKIYT461//Kl588UVRVVUlwsPDbRs+VVZWipqaGrF8\n+XLxzDPP2K6zfPly2x3DmDFjxKZNm4QQQqxevVo88cQTQgghJk2aJD7++OMGP9OLFy+KqKgo253N\nwIEDRXFxscPvk6TnL3dBIu/o0KED9u3bh82bN2PLli2YMGECXn31VUydOhUAMG7cOADA2LFj8eST\nTwKwLixXWlpqu0ZVVRUqKirw7bff4rPPPrO7tiN33HEH4uLibMfvvfceli9fDoVCgWPHjqGkpMTu\n864QDlZaSUxMxOOPP47Lly8jNTUVOp3OpTz1RUREQK/XAwAeeeQRLFy40O0sQgicPHkSV65cwcCB\nAwFYN6MZPXq0rU3d+v46nc5uNd8627Ztw/jx4wFY91wYPnw4duzYgYceeqjRHAqFAqNHj7ZthNLY\n783Rz04Iga1bt+LgwYO2zFevXsWAAQNQVFSEyMhIaDQaAEBwcLDtHEfXAoC0tDSsWbMGBoMBq1ev\nxtNPP91obgBo164dhg0bhvXr1yM6OhrV1dVQqVRNnkPSYUFoRdq0aYNhw4Zh2LBhUKvVWLZsma0g\nOKJQKLBz507bC019jb0g1NeuXTvb+yUlJfif//kf7Nu3DyEhIZg8eTJqamrc/h727duHl156ye5j\ngwcPxpYtW5CXl4epU6dixowZDpf2rp/nevX33xBC2I79/PxgsVgAAFeuXGkym0KhaLCPx/U/p7Zt\n2wKw/i7qrnu9+ue48nMGgFtuucUuR2O/t8akpKQ0WP12165dDts2tVdJamoq/vznP+Ps2bPYs2cP\nhg0b5vRrT506Fa+99hr69u2LKVOmuJyZPI9jCK3EwYMHcfjwYdvx3r177faXWLt2re2/dX8pJiUl\n4d1337W1OXDgAABgxIgRyMnJsX28oqICgPVFrra21uHXv3LlCkJCQtCuXTucOnXK7imVptS9INbU\n1OCVV15B9+7dbVuW1jGbzQgNDcXjjz+OKVOm2F7ImspzvaNHj2Lnzp0AgDVr1th2vVMqlbbrffLJ\nJ7b2wcHBtnGG+lm7deuG4OBg2xNIq1atwpAhQ1zKAFiL20cffQQhBM6cOYNNmzYhMTHR5fOBhr+3\n4uLiRtsqFAoMHjwYmzZtwtGjRwFYf1eHDh1C//79cfjwYdt+FJcuXUJtbW2D771+0QoJCUFCQgKm\nT5+O1NRUh8UjODgYly5dsh3r9XqYzWasWrXKtnUqyYMFoZWoGwhWq9Xo27cv9u/fb7cT2alTpxAf\nH4+srCy88847AIB3330X33zzDdRqNfr164e3334bAPDqq6/i6NGjiImJQWxsLL799lsAwKRJk9C3\nb1+kp6c3+GtZo9FArVajd+/eePTRR13eZvTRRx+FTqeDTqfDb7/9ZtdVVXf9DRs2QKPRQKfT4aOP\nPsJ///d/O81T/3wA6NOnD5YsWYJ+/fqhrKzMdo05c+Zg2rRpuOuuu+Dn52c7JzU1FatWrbINKte/\n3ooVK/DUU0+hf//+2L59O+bNm+fwe3P0YpmWloaoqCjExMRg0KBBeP3119GjR49G2zu61vW/t7rf\np6OfAWDdF3zp0qUYPXq0bfD4hx9+QGBgINasWYMpU6YgNjYWw4cPR1VVle1xVY1Gg9zc3AbXTUtL\nw6pVq5CWluYw6+OPP46hQ4di+PDhto+NGzcOgwYNQseOHRv9Hkl6XP6a0LNnT+zevRudO3eWOwq1\nUmPGjMH06dPtigR5H+8QqNntX00tx7lz56BSqRAYGMhi4AN4h0BERAB4h0BERNewIBAREQAWBCIi\nuoYFgYiIALAgEBHRNSwIREQEAPh/X35awWPS9asAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x2fec390>"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " Total, hemispherical absorptivity 0.76\n",
        "\n",
        " Nature of surface temperature change = 965.00  W/m^2 \n",
        " Since qnet > 0, the sirface temperature will increase with the time\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.8 Page 761"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "T = 5800.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "e = .8;\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8);\t\t#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "#calculations and results\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Table 12.1\n",
      "#For wl1 = .3 micro-m and T = 5800 K, At wl1*T = 1740 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl1 = .0335;\n",
      "#For wl1 = .3 micro-m and T = 5800 K, At wl2*T = 14500 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl2 = .9664;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Hence from equation 12.29\n",
      "t = .90*(F0wl2 - F0wl1);\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %.2f' %('\\n Total emissivity of cover glass to solar radiation =',t);"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " Total emissivity of cover glass to solar radiation = 0.84\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.9 Page 766"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "Ts = 500.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;#[K] temperature of brick surface\n",
      "Tc = 2000.           \t\t\t\t;#[K] Temperature of coal exposed\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8)\t;#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "# From the given graph of emissivities\n",
      "e1 = .1;    \t\t\t\t\t\t#between wavelength 0 micro-m- 1.5 micro-m\n",
      "e2 = .5;    \t\t\t\t\t\t#between wavelength 1.5 micro-m- 10 micro-m\n",
      "e3 = .8;    \t\t\t\t\t\t#greater than wavelength 10 micro-m\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Table 12.1\n",
      "#For wl1 = 1.5 micro-m and T = 500 K, At wl1*T = 750 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl1 = 0;\n",
      "#For wl2 = 10 micro-m and T = 500 K, At wl2*T = 5000 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl2 = .634;\n",
      "#From equation 12.36\n",
      "e = e1*F0wl1 + e2*F0wl2 + e3*(1-F0wl1-F0wl2);\n",
      "\n",
      "#Equation 12.26 and 12.35\n",
      "E = e*stfncnstt*Ts*Ts*Ts*Ts;\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Table 12.1\n",
      "#For wl1 = 1.5 micro-m and T = 2000 K, At wl1*T = 3000 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl1c = 0.273;\n",
      "#For wl2 = 10 micro-m and T = 2000 K, At wl2*T = 20000 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl2c = .986;\n",
      "ac = e1*F0wl1c + e2*(F0wl2c-F0wl1c) + e3*(1-F0wl2c);\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %.3f' %('\\n Total hemispherical emissivity of fire brick wall =',e)\n",
      "print '%s %d %s' %('\\n Total emissive power of brick wall =',E,'W/m^2.')\n",
      "print '%s %.3f' %('\\n Absorptivity of the wall to irradiation from coals =',ac);"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " Total hemispherical emissivity of fire brick wall = 0.610\n",
        "\n",
        " Total emissive power of brick wall = 2160 W/m^2.\n",
        "\n",
        " Absorptivity of the wall to irradiation from coals = 0.395\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.10 Page 768"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "Ts = 300.;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "Tf = 1200;           \t\t\t\t#[K] Temperature of Furnace\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8);\t#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "# From the given graph of absorptivities\n",
      "a1 = .8;    \t\t\t\t\t\t#between wavelength 0 micro-m- 5 micro-m\n",
      "a2 = .1;    \t\t\t\t\t\t#greater than wavelength 5 micro-m\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "#From Table 12.1\n",
      "#For wl1 = 5 micro-m and T = 1200 K, At wl1*T = 6000 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl1 = 0.738;\n",
      "#From equation 12.44\n",
      "a = a1*F0wl1 + a2*(1-F0wl1);\n",
      "#From Table 12.1\n",
      "#For wl1 = 5 micro-m and T = 300 K, At wl1*T = 1500 micro-m.K\n",
      "F0wl1s = 0.014;\n",
      "#From equation 12.36\n",
      "e = a1*F0wl1s + a2*(1-F0wl1s);\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print' %s %.2f' %('\\n For Initial Condition \\n Total hemispherical absorptivity = ',a)\n",
      "print '%s %.2f' %('Emissivity of sphere =',e)\n",
      "print '%s' %('\\n\\n Beacuase the spectral characteristics of the coating and the furnace temeprature remain fixed, there is no change in the value of absorptivity with increasing time.')\n",
      "print '%s %d %s %.2f' %('\\n Hence, After a sufficiently long time, Ts = Tf = ',Tf,' K and emissivity equals absorptivity e = a = ',a);"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        " \n",
        " For Initial Condition \n",
        " Total hemispherical absorptivity =  0.62\n",
        "Emissivity of sphere = 0.11\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        " Beacuase the spectral characteristics of the coating and the furnace temeprature remain fixed, there is no change in the value of absorptivity with increasing time.\n",
        "\n",
        " Hence, After a sufficiently long time, Ts = Tf =  1200  K and emissivity equals absorptivity e = a =  0.62\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.11 Page 774"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "\n",
      "Ts = 120+273.;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[K] temperature of surface\n",
      "Gs = 750;                 \t\t\t\t#[W/m^2] Solar irradiation\n",
      "Tsky = -10+273.;          \t\t\t\t#[K] Temperature of Sky\n",
      "Tsurr = 30+273.;        \t  \t\t\t#[K] Temperature os surrounding Air\n",
      "e = .1             \t\t     \t\t\t;# emissivity \n",
      "ast = .95                \t\t\t\t;# Absorptivity of Surface\n",
      "asky = e                \t\t\t\t;# Absorptivity of Sky\n",
      "stfncnstt = 5.67*math.pow(10,-8);\t\t#[W/m^2.K^4] Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
      "#calculations\n",
      "\n",
      "h = 0.22*math.pow((Ts - Tsurr),.3334);\t#[W/m^2.K] Convective Heat transfer Coeff\n",
      "#From equation 12.67\n",
      "Gsky = stfncnstt*Tsky*Tsky*Tsky*Tsky; \t#[W/m^2]  Irradiadtion from sky\n",
      "qconv = h*(Ts-Tsurr);        \t\t\t#[W/m^2]  Convective Heat transfer\n",
      "E = e*stfncnstt*Ts*Ts*Ts*Ts;       \t\t#[W/m^2]  Irradiadtion from Surface\n",
      "\n",
      "#From energy Balance\n",
      "q = ast*Gs + asky*Gsky - qconv - E;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Collector efficiency\n",
      "eff = q/Gs;\n",
      "#results\n",
      "\n",
      "print '%s %d %s' %('\\n Useful heat removal rate per unit area by Energy Conservation = ',q,'W/m^2')\n",
      "print '%s %.2f' %('\\n Collector efficiency defined as the fraction of solar irradiation extracted as useful energy is',eff);"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " Useful heat removal rate per unit area by Energy Conservation =  515 W/m^2\n",
        "\n",
        " Collector efficiency defined as the fraction of solar irradiation extracted as useful energy is 0.69\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}