path: root/Fundamental_of_Electronics_Devices_by_JB_Gupta/Ch6.ipynb

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 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter 6: Bipolar junction Transistors (BJTs)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.1 page No.215"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "Ic=9.95\t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "Ie=10    \t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "Ib=Ie-Ic\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Emitter current is \",Ib,\"mA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Emitter current is  0.05 mA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.2 page No. 216"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "IC=0.98\t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "IB=20.0\t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "IB=IB*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "IE=IB+IC\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "alpha=IC/IE\t\t#unitless\n",
      "Beta=IC/IB\t\t#unitless\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Emitter current is\",IE,\"mA\"\n",
      "print\"Current amplification factor is  \",alpha\n",
      "print\"Current gain factor is \",Beta"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Emitter current is 1.0 mA\n",
        "Current amplification factor is   0.98\n",
        "Current gain factor is  49.0\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.3 page No.216"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "alfaDC=0.98\t\t\t#unitless\n",
      "ICBO=4\t\t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "ICBO=ICBO*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n",
      "IB=50\t\t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "IB=IB*10**-3\t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "IC=alfaDC*IB/(1-alfaDC)+ICBO/(1-alfaDC)\t#in mA\n",
      "IE=IC+IB\t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Emitter current is \",IE,\"mA\"\n",
      "print\"Collector current is  \",IC,\"mA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Emitter current is  2.7 mA\n",
        "Collector current is   2.65 mA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.4 page No. 216"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "IB=10\t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "IB=IB*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n",
      "Beta=99\t\t\t#Unitless\n",
      "ICO=1\t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "ICO=ICO*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "IC=Beta*IB+(1+Beta)*ICO\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Collector current in mA : \",IC,\"mA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Collector current in mA :  1.09 mA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.5 Page No.216"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "Ic=5*10**-3        #mA collector current\n",
      "Ic_=10*10**-3        #mA collector current\n",
      "Ib=50*10**-6       #mA, Base current\n",
      "Icbo=1*10**-6      #micro A, Current to base open current\n",
      "\n",
      "beta=(Ic-Icbo)/(Ib+Icbo)\n",
      "alpha=(beta/(1+beta))\n",
      "Ie=Ib+Ic\n",
      "\n",
      "Ib=(Ic_-(beta+1)*Icbo)/(beta)\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"(i) Current gain factor is\",round(beta,0)\n",
      "print\" Current amplification factor is\",round(alpha,2)\n",
      "print\" Emitter Current  is\",Ie*1000,\"mA\"\n",
      "print\"(ii)New level of Ib  is\",round(Ib*10**6,0),\"micro A\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "(i) Current gain factor is 98.0\n",
        " Current amplification factor is 0.99\n",
        " Emitter Current  is 5.05 mA\n",
        "(ii)New level of Ib  is 101.0 micro A\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.6 page No. 222"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "delVEB=200\t\t\t#in Volts\n",
      "delIE=5\t\t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "rin=delVEB/delIE\t\t#in ohm\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Dynamic input resistance is \",rin,\"mohm\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Dynamic input resistance is  40 mohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.7 page No. 222"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "ICBO=12.5 \t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "ICBO=ICBO*10**-3 \t\t#in mA\n",
      "IE=2 \t\t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "IC=1.97 \t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "alfa=(IC-ICBO)/IE \t\t#unitless\n",
      "IB=IE-IC \t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Current gain : \",round(alfa,3)\n",
      "print\"Base current is \",IB,\"mA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Current gain :  0.979\n",
        "Base current is  0.03 mA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 32
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.8 page No. 222"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "RL=4.0 \t\t\t#in Kohm\n",
      "VL=3.0\t\t\t#in volt\n",
      "alfa=0.96 \t\t#unitless\n",
      "IC=VL/RL \t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "IE=IC/alfa \t\t#in mA\n",
      "IB=IE-IC \t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Base current ia\",round(IB,2),\"mA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Base current ia 0.03 mA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 37
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.9 page No.227"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "VCC=10\t\t\t #in volt\n",
      "RL=800\t\t\t #in ohm\n",
      "VL=0.8\t\t\t #in volt\n",
      "alfa=0.96\t\t #unitless\n",
      "\n",
      "VCE=VCC-VL \t\t#in Volt\n",
      "IC=VL*1000/RL \t\t#in mA\n",
      "Beta=alfa/(1-alfa) \t#unitless\n",
      "IB=IC/Beta \t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Collector-emitter Voltage is \",VCE,\"V\"\n",
      "print\"Base current in uA : \",round(IB*1000,2),\"microA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Collector-emitter Voltage is  9.2 V\n",
        "Base current in uA :  41.67 microA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 41
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.10 page No. 227"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "alfao=0.98 \t\t#unitless\n",
      "ICO=10 \t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "ICO=ICO*10**-3 \t\t#in mA\n",
      "IB=0.22 \t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "IC=(alfao*IB+ICO)/(1-alfao) \t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Collector current is\",IC,\"mA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Collector current is 11.28 mA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 45
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.11 page No. 228"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "delVEB=250 \t\t#in mVolts\n",
      "delIE=1 \t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "rin=delVEB/delIE \t#in ohm\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Dynamic input resistance is\",rin,\"ohm\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Dynamic input resistance is 250 ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 47
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.12 page No. 228"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "delVCE=10-5 \t\t#in Volts\n",
      "delIC=5.8-5\t \t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "rin=delVCE/delIC \t#in Kohm\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Dynamic output resistance is \",rin,\"kohm\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Dynamic output resistance is  6.25 kohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 49
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.13 page No.232"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%matplotlib inline"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "VCC=10 \t\t\t#in volt\n",
      "RC=8 \t\t\t#in Kohm\n",
      "Beta=40 \t\t#unitless\n",
      "IB=15 \t\t\t#in uA\n",
      "IB=IB*10**-3 \t\t#in mA\n",
      "\n",
      "IC=VCC/RC \t\t#in mA\n",
      "IC=Beta*IB \t\t#in mA\n",
      "VCE=VCC-IC*RC \t\t#in Volts\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Operating point Q is (\",VCE,\"V,\",IC,\"mA)\"\n",
      "\n",
      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
      "fig = plt.figure()\n",
      "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n",
      "\n",
      "Vce=[0,10]\n",
      "Ic=[1.25,0]\n",
      "plt.xlabel('Vce,V')\n",
      "plt.ylabel('Ic,mA')\n",
      "ax.plot([5.2], [0.6], 'o')\n",
      "ax.annotate('(5.2V,0.6 mA)', xy=(5.4,0.7))\n",
      "\n",
      "a=plot(Vce,Ic)\n",
      "show(a)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Operating point Q is ( 5.2 V, 0.6 mA)\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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RfGQ+mJo2FfHZ8WhsbhQ7FvURLAhE/YyBvgGWT12OksgSVN+ohjxVjt2luznL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\nFgQiIgLAgkBERPf8PzB3vekNwU7EAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7a67da0>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.14 page No. 232"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "Vcc=12 \t\t#in Volt collector supply voltage\n",
      "Ic=1.2         #A, collector current\n",
      "Rl=5            #kohm load resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rl    #Collector emitter voltage\n",
      "Rl1=7.5\n",
      "Vce1=Vcc-Ic*Rl1\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"Operating point at load resistance 5 kohm is (\",Vce,\"V,\",Ic,\"mA)\"\n",
      "print\"Operating point at load resistance 7.5 kohm is (\",Vce1,\"V,\",Ic,\"mA)\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Operating point at load resistance 5 kohm is ( 6.0 V, 1.2 mA)\n",
        "Operating point at load resistance 7.5 kohm is ( 3.0 V, 1.2 mA)\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 65
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.15 Page No.233"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "Vcc=20         # V,  collector voltage\n",
      "Rc=3.3*10**3\n",
      "\n",
      "Ic=0          #for cut off point\n",
      "Vce=Vcc\n",
      "Ic=Vcc/Rc\n",
      "print \"Collector to emitter voltage is (Vce)\",Vce,\"V\"\n",
      "print \"Collector current at saturation point is (Ic)\",round(Ic*1000,0),\"mA\"\n",
      "\n",
      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
      "fig = plt.figure()\n",
      "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n",
      "\n",
      "Vce=[0,20]\n",
      "Ic=[6,0]\n",
      "xlabel(\"Vce  (V)\") \n",
      "ylabel(\"Ic  (mA)\") \n",
      "plt.xlim((0,25))\n",
      "plt.ylim((0,8))\n",
      "ax.plot([0], [6], 'o')\n",
      "ax.annotate('(0,6mA)', xy=(0,6))\n",
      "\n",
      "ax.plot([20], [0], 'o')\n",
      "ax.annotate('(20V,0)', xy=(20,0))\n",
      "a=plot(Vce,Ic)\n",
      "show(a)\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Collector to emitter voltage is (Vce) 20 V\n",
        "Collector current at saturation point is (Ic) 6.0 mA\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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M0QpcER+nmb3UpAauiMfTzF5aTitwRXySkr3UpmfgivgclXGkYWrgingUlXHEHGrgini9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\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 6.16 page No. 233"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "Beta=45 \t\t\t#Unitless\n",
      "VBE=0.7 \t\t\t#in Volt\n",
      "VCC=0 \t\t\t\t#in Volt\n",
      "RB=10**5 \t\t\t#in ohm\n",
      "RC=1.2*10**3 \t\t\t#in ohm\n",
      "VEE=-9 \t\t\t\t#in Volt\n",
      "\n",
      "IB=-(VBE+VEE)/RB \t\t#in mA\n",
      "IC=Beta*IB \t\t\t#in mA\n",
      "VC=VCC-IC*RC \t\t\t#in Volts\n",
      "VB=VBE+VEE \t\t\t#in Volts\n",
      "\n",
      "print\"collector voltage is \",round(VC,1),\"V\"\n",
      "print\"Base voltage is \",VB,\"V\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "collector voltage is  -4.5 V\n",
        "Base voltage is  -8.3 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 60
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}