path: root/Engineering_Thermodynamics:_A_Computer_Approach_(SI_Units_Version)/ch2.ipynb

{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "CH2"
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.1 Boolean Variables\n'''\n\n# prints the value of a boolean variable:\nflag=False\nprint \"flag = %r\" % flag\nflag = True\nprint \"flag = %r\" % flag",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "flag = False\nflag = True\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.2 Character Variables\n'''\n\n# prints the character and its internally stored\nc='A'\nprint \"c = \" + c + \", int(c) = %d\" % ord(c)\nc='t'\nprint \"c = \" + c + \", int(c) = %d\" % ord(c)\nc='\\t' # the tab character\nprint \"c = \" + c + \", int(c) = %d\" % ord(c)\nc='!'\nprint \"c = \" + c + \", int(c) = %d\" % ord(c)\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "c = A, int(c) = 65\nc = t, int(c) = 116\nc = \t, int(c) = 9\nc = !, int(c) = 33\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.3 Integer Type Ranges\nThis program prints the numeric ranges of the Python\n'''\nimport sys\n# defines the constants SHRT_MIN, etc.\nprint 'maximum limit int : ',\nprint sys.maxint\nprint 'float info'\nprint sys.float_info",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "maximum limit int :  2147483647\nfloat info\nsys.float_info(max=1.7976931348623157e+308, max_exp=1024, max_10_exp=308, min=2.2250738585072014e-308, min_exp=-1021, min_10_exp=-307, dig=15, mant_dig=53, epsilon=2.220446049250313e-16, radix=2, rounds=1)\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.4 Integer Arithmetic\nThis example illustrates how the arithmetic operators work.\n'''\n\n# tests operators +, -, *, /, and %:\nm=54\nn=20\nprint \"m = %d and n = %d\" %(m,n)\nprint \"m+n = %d\" % (m+n) # 54+20 = 74\nprint \"m-n = %d\" % (m-n)  # 54-20 = 34\nprint \"m*n = %d\" % (m*n)# 54*20 = 1080\nprint \"m/n = %d\" % (m/n) # 54/20 = 2\nprint \"m modulo by n = %d\" % (m%n)  # 54%20 = 14",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "m = 54 and n = 20\nm+n = 74\nm-n = 34\nm*n = 1080\nm/n = 2\nm modulo by n = 14\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.5 Applying the Pre-increment and Post-increment Operators\n'''\n\n# shows the difference between m++ and ++m:\nm = 44\nm += 1\nn = m\nprint \"m = %d , n = %d\" %(m,n)\nm = 44\nn = m # the post-increment operator is applied to m\nm += 1\nprint \"m = %d , n = %d\" %(m,n)\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "m = 45 , n = 45\nm = 45 , n = 44\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.6 Applying Composite Arithmetic Assignment Operators\n'''\n\n# tests arithmetic assignment operators:\nn=22\nprint  \"n = %d\" % n\nn += 9 # adds 9 to n\nprint  \"After n += 9, n = %d\" % n\nn -= 5 # subtracts 5 from n\nprint  \"After n -= 5, n = %d\" % n\nn *= 2 # multiplies n by 3\nprint  \"After n *= 2, n = %d\" % n \nn /= 3 # divides n by 9\nprint  \"After n /= 3, n = %d\" % n \nn %= 7 # reduces n to the remainder from dividing by 4\nprint 'After n modulo by 7   n = %d' %n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "n = 22\nAfter n += 9, n = 31\nAfter n -= 5, n = 26\nAfter n *= 2, n = 52\nAfter n /= 3, n = 17\nAfter n modulo by 7   n = 3\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.7 Floating-Point Arithmetic\nThis program is nearly the same as the one in Example 2.4. The important difference is that these\nvariables are declared to have the floating-point type double instead of the integer type int.\n'''\n\n# tests the floating-point operators +, -, *, and /:\nx=54.0\ny=20.0\nprint  \"x = %f and y = %f\" %(x,y)\nprint  \"x+y = %f\"  %(x+y) # 54.0+20.0 = 74.0\nprint  \"x-y = %f\" % (x-y) # 54.0-20.0 = 34.0\nprint  \"x*y = %f\" %( x*y) # 54.0*20.0 = 1080.0\nprint  \"x/y = %f\" % (x/y) # 54.0/20.0 = 2.7\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "x = 54.000000 and y = 20.000000\nx+y = 74.000000\nx-y = 34.000000\nx*y = 1080.000000\nx/y = 2.700000\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.8 Using the sizeof Operator\nThis program tells you how much space each of the undamental types uses:\nNote : Python has few number of data types so output would be differ.\n'''\nimport sys\n# prints the storage sizes of the fundamental types:\nprint \"Number of bytes used:\\n\"\n\nprint \" char: %d \" % sys.getsizeof('a')\nprint \" int : %d \" % sys.getsizeof(int(1))\nprint \" string : %d \" % sys.getsizeof(str('hellololdei'))\nprint \"float : %d\" % sys.getsizeof(float(1.1))",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "Number of bytes used:\n\n char: 22 \n int : 12 \n string : 32 \nfloat : 16\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.9 Reading from the <cfloat> Header File\nThis program tells you the precision and magnitude range that the float type has on your system:\n'''\nimport sys\n# prints the storage sizes of the fundamental types:\nfbits = 8*sys.getsizeof(float(123))\n\n# each byte contains 8 bits\nprint \"float uses : %d bits:\\n\\t\" %  fbits \n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "float uses : 128 bits:\n\t\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nThis program casts a double value into int value:\n'''\n\n# casts a double value as an int:\nv = 1234.56789\nn = int(v);\nprint \"v = %f, n = %d\" %(v,n)",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "v = 1234.567890, n = 1234\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.11 Promotion of Types\nThis program promotes a char to a short to an int to a float to a double:\nNote : Python is type independent. So would give output differ.\n'''\n# prints promoted vales of 65 from char to double:\nc='A'\nprint \"char c = \" + c\nk=c;\nprint \"k = \" + k \nm=k;\nprint \"m = \" + m \nn=m\nprint \"n = \" + n\nx=m\nprint \"x = \" + x \ny=x\nprint \"y = \" + y",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "char c = A\nk = A\nm = A\nn = A\nx = A\ny = A\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.12 Integer Overflow\nThis program repeatedly multiplies n by 1000 until it overflows.\n'''\n# prints n until it overflows:\nn=1000\nprint \"n =  %d\" % n\nn *= 1000 # multiplies n by 1000\nprint \"n =  %d\" % n\nn *= 1000 # multiplies n by 1000\nprint \"n =  %d\" % n\nn *= 1000 # multiplies n by 1000\nprint \"n =  %d\" % n\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "n =  1000\nn =  1000000\nn =  1000000000\nn =  1000000000000\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.13 Floating-point Overflow\nThis program is similar to the one in Example 2.12. It repeatedly squares x until it overflows.\n'''\n\n# prints x until it overflows:\nx=1000.0\nprint \"x = %f\" % x\nx *= x # multiplies n by itself; i.e., it squares x\nprint \"x = %f\" % x\nx *= x # multiplies n by itself; i.e., it squares x\nprint \"x = %f\" % x\nx *= x # multiplies n by itself; i.e., it squares x\nprint \"x = %f\" % x\nx *= x # multiplies n by itself; i.e., it squares x\nprint \"x = %f\" % x\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "x = 1000.000000\nx = 1000000.000000\nx = 1000000000000.000000\nx = 999999999999999983222784.000000\nx = 1000000000000000043845843045076197354634047651840.000000\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.14 Round-off Error\nThis program does some simple arithmetic to illustrate roundoff error:\n'''\n\n# illustrates round-off error::\nx = 1000/3.0\nprint \"x = %f\" %x # x = 1000/3\ny = x - 333.0\nprint \"y = %f\" % y # y = 1/3\nz = 3*y - 1.0\nprint \"z = %f\" %z # z = 3(1/3) - 1\nif (z == 0):\n    print \"z == 0.\\n\"\nelse:\n    print \"z does not equal 0.\\n\" # z != 0\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "x = 333.333333\ny = 0.333333\nz = -0.000000\nz does not equal 0.\n\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.15 Hidden Round-off Error\nThis program implements the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations.\n'''\nimport math\n\n# implements the quadratic formula\na = float(raw_input(\"Enter the coefficients of a quadratic equation:\\n a : \"))\nb = float(raw_input('b : '))\nc = float(raw_input('c : '))\n\nprint \"The equation is: \",\nprint a,\nprint \"*x*x + \",\nprint b,\nprint \"*x + \" ,\nprint c,\nprint  \" = 0\" \n\nd = b*b - 4*a*c # discriminant\nsqrtd = math.sqrt(d)\nx1 = (-b + sqrtd)/(2*a)\nx2 = (-b - sqrtd)/(2*a)\nprint \"The solutions are:\"\nprint \"\\tx1 = %f\" % x1\nprint \"\\tx2 = %f\" % x2\nprint \"Check:\" \nprint \"\\ta*x1*x1 + b*x1 + c = %f\" %( a*x1*x1 + b*x1 + c)\nprint \"\\ta*x2*x2 + b*x2 + c =  %f\" %( a*x2*x2 + b*x2 + c)\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "name": "stdout",
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "Enter the coefficients of a quadratic equation:\n a : 2\n"
      },
      {
       "name": "stdout",
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "b : 1\n"
      },
      {
       "name": "stdout",
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "c : -3\n"
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "The equation is:  2.0 *x*x +  1.0 *x +  -3.0  = 0\nThe solutions are:\n\tx1 = 1.000000\n\tx2 = -1.500000\nCheck:\n\ta*x1*x1 + b*x1 + c = 0.000000\n\ta*x2*x2 + b*x2 + c =  0.000000\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.17 Scientific Format\nThis program shows how floating-point values may be input in scientific format:\n'''\n\n# prints double values in scientific e-format:\nx = float(raw_input(\"Enter float: \"))\nprint \"Its reciprocal is: \",\nprint  1/x ",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "name": "stdout",
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "Enter float: 234.567e89\n"
      },
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "Its reciprocal is:  4.2631742743e-92\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.18 Scope of Variables\nNOte : Python does not have variable scopes. Once variable is declared then it stays live until program gets exit.\nso it wont give any errors.\n\n'''\n# illustrates the scope of variables:\nx = 11\n# ERROR: this is not in the scope of x\nif True:\n    x = 22 # OK: this is in the scope of x\n    y = 33 # ERROR: this is not in the scope of y\n    x = 44 # OK: this is in the scope of x\n    y = 55 # OK: this is in the scope of y\nx = 66 # OK: this is in the scope of x\ny = 77 # ERROR: this is not in the scope of y\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "'''\nEXAMPLE 2.19 Nested and Parallel Scopes\nNOte : Python does not have variable scopes. Once variable is declared then it stays live until program gets exit.\nso output would be differ.\n'''\n# this x is global\nx = 11\n\nif True:\n    # illustrates the nested and parallel scopes:\n    x = 22\n    # begin scope of internal block\n    if True:\n        x = 33\n        print \"In block inside main(): x =  %d \" % x\n    # end scope of internal block\nprint \"In main(): x =  %d\" %x \nprint \"In main(): x = %d \"% x",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "In block inside main(): x =  33 \nIn main(): x =  33\nIn main(): x = 33 \n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}