path: root/Energy_Management_by_W._R._Murphy_and_G._A._Mckay/Chapter6.ipynb

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  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter6-Heat transfer equipment\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex1-pg142"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.1\n",
      "print('Example 6.1');\n",
      "print('Page No. 142');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "L = 2.5;## Length of tubes in metre\n",
      "Do = 10*10**-3;## Internal diameter of tubes in metre\n",
      "m = 3.46;## mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
      "Th = 120.;## Temperature of condening steam in degree celcius\n",
      "Tl_i = 20.;## Inlet temperature of liquid in degree celcius\n",
      "Tl_o = 80.;## Outlet temperature of liquid in degree celcius\n",
      "Cp = 2.35*10**3;## Specific heat capacity of liquid in J/kg-K\n",
      "U = 950.;## Overall heat transfer coefficent in W/m**2-K\n",
      "\n",
      "T1 = Th- Tl_i;## in degree celcius\n",
      "T2 = Th- Tl_o;## in degree celcius\n",
      "Tm = ((T2-T1)/math.log(T2/T1));## logarithmic mean temperature of pipe in  degree celcius\n",
      "a = math.pi*Do*L;##Surface area per tube in m**2\n",
      "A = ((m*Cp*(Tl_o - Tl_i))/(U*Tm));## in m**2\n",
      "N = A/a;\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The number of tubes required is',N,'')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.1\n",
        "Page No. 142\n",
        "The number of tubes required is 99.85 \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex2-pg142"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.2\n",
      "print('Example 6.2');\n",
      "print('Page No. 142');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "v = 1.50;## velocity in m/s\n",
      "N_t = 100.;## Number of tubes\n",
      "Do = 10*10**-3;## Internal diameter of tubes in metre\n",
      "m = 3.46;## mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
      "p = 1180.;## density in kg/m**3\n",
      "\n",
      "A = (N_t*math.pi*Do**2)/4.;## otal cross-sectional area in m**2\n",
      "V = m/p;##Volumetric flow rate in m**3/s\n",
      "Fv = V/A;## Fluid velocity in m/s\n",
      "N_p = v/Fv;\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('the number of passes is',N_p,'')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.2\n",
        "Page No. 142\n",
        "the number of passes is 4.02 \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex3-pg144"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.3\n",
      "print('Example 6.3');\n",
      "print('Page No. 144');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "Th_i = 130.;##Inlet temperature of hot liquid in degree celcius \n",
      "Th_o = 90.;## Outlet temperature of hot liquid in degree celcius\n",
      "Tc_i = 20.;## Inlet temperature of cold liquid in degree celcius\n",
      "Tc_o = 50.;## Outlet temperature of cold liquid in degree celcius\n",
      "\n",
      "##For Couter-current flow\n",
      "T1 = Th_i - Tc_o;\n",
      "T2 = Th_o - Tc_i;\n",
      "Tm_1 = ((T2-T1)/math.log(T2/T1));\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The logarithmic mean temperature difference for counter-current flow ',Tm_1,' degree celcius')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "##For Co-current flow\n",
      "T3 = Th_i - Tc_i;\n",
      "T4 = Th_o - Tc_o;\n",
      "Tm_2 = ((T3-T4)/math.log(T3/T4));\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The logarithmic mean temperature difference for co-current flow is ',Tm_2,' degree celcius ')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.3\n",
        "Page No. 144\n",
        "The logarithmic mean temperature difference for counter-current flow  74.89  degree celcius\n",
        "The logarithmic mean temperature difference for co-current flow is  69.20  degree celcius \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex4-pg147"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.4\n",
      "print('Example 6.4');\n",
      "print('Page No. 147');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "F = 1.;## Fuel feed required in kg\n",
      "##By ultimate analysis of feed\n",
      "C = 0.86;## Carbon percentage - [%]\n",
      "H2 = 0.05;## Hydrogen percentage - [%]\n",
      "S = 0.001;## Sulphur percentage - [%]\n",
      "O2 = 0.08;## Oxygen percentage - [%]\n",
      "\n",
      "w_C = 12.; ## mol. weight of C\n",
      "w_H2 = 2.; ##mol. weight of H2\n",
      "w_O2 = 32.; ## mol. weight of O2\n",
      "w_S = 32.; ##mol. weight of S\n",
      "##Basis- Per kg of fuel\n",
      "mol_C = C / w_C;## kmol of C\n",
      "mol_H2 = H2 /w_H2;##kmol of H2\n",
      "mol_O2 = O2 /w_O2;##kmol of O2\n",
      "mol_S = S /w_S;##kmol of S\n",
      "##Calculation of excess air\n",
      "C_req = mol_C*1.;##O2 required by entering C given by reaction C+O2->CO2 in kmol\n",
      "H_req = mol_H2*0.5;##O2 required by entering H2 given by reaction H2+(1/2)O2->H20 in kmol\n",
      "S_req = mol_S*1.;##O2 required by entering S given by reaction S+O2->SO2 in kmol\n",
      "O2_req = (C_req + H_req + S_req) - mol_O2;## in kmol\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Total number of kmol of O2 required per kg of fuel is',O2_req, 'kmol ')\n",
      "m_O2 = O2_req*w_O2;## Mass of O2 required per kg of fuel\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Mass of O2 required per kg of fuel is ',m_O2,' kg ')\n",
      "##Calculation of air\n",
      "m_air = m_O2/0.232;## in kg\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Mass of air required per kg of fuel is ',m_air,' kg ')\n",
      "##Considering air as an ideal gas,calculating volume of air by ideal gas equation-P*V = n*R*T\n",
      "R = 8310;##Universal gas constant in J/kmol-K\n",
      "T = (273+20);## in K\n",
      "P = 1.013*10**5;## in N/m**2\n",
      "n = 1;## 1 kmol of air\n",
      "V_kmol = (n*R*T)/P;## In m**3/kmol\n",
      "M_air = 29;## Mol. weight of air\n",
      "V_kg = V_kmol/M_air;## in m**3/kg\n",
      "V_air = m_air*V_kg;## in m**3\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Volume of air required is ',V_air,' m^3 ')\n",
      "##Deviation in answer is due to some approximation in calculation in the book\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.4\n",
        "Page No. 147\n",
        "Total number of kmol of O2 required per kg of fuel is 0.08 kmol \n",
        "Mass of O2 required per kg of fuel is  2.61  kg \n",
        "Mass of air required per kg of fuel is  11.27  kg \n",
        "Volume of air required is  9.34  m^3 \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex5-pg148"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.5\n",
      "print('Example 6.5');\n",
      "print('Page No. 148');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "F = 1.;## Weight of coal in kg\n",
      "##By analysis of coal in weight basis\n",
      "C = 0.74;## Carbon percentage - [%]\n",
      "H2 = 0.05;## Hydrogen percentage - [%]\n",
      "S = 0.01;## Sulphur percentage - [%]\n",
      "N2 = 0.001;## Nitrogen percentage - [%]\n",
      "O2 = 0.05;## Oxygen percentage - [%]\n",
      "H20 = 0.09;## Moisture percentage - [%]\n",
      "Ash = 0.05;## Ash percentage - [%]\n",
      "\n",
      "w_C = 12.; ## mol. weight of C\n",
      "w_H2 = 2.; ##mol. weight of H2\n",
      "w_O2 = 32.; ## mol. weight of O2\n",
      "w_S = 32.; ##mol. weight of S\n",
      "##Basis- Per kg of fuel\n",
      "mol_C = C / w_C;## kmol of C\n",
      "mol_H2 = H2 /w_H2;##kmol of H2\n",
      "mol_O2 = O2 /w_O2;##kmol of O2\n",
      "mol_S = S /w_S;##kmol of S\n",
      "##Calculation of excess air\n",
      "C_req = mol_C*1;##O2 required by entering C given by reaction C+O2->CO2 in kmol\n",
      "H_req = mol_H2*0.5;##O2 required by entering H2 given by reaction H2+(1/2)O2->H20 in kmol\n",
      "S_req = mol_S*1;##O2 required by entering S given by reaction S+O2->SO2 in kmol\n",
      "O2_req = (C_req + H_req + S_req) - mol_O2;## Total number of kmol of O2 required per kg of fuel in kmol\n",
      "m_O2 = O2_req*w_O2;## Mass of O2 required per kg of fuel\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Mass of O2 required per kg of fuel is ',m_O2,' kg ')\n",
      "##Calculation of air\n",
      "m_air = m_O2/0.232;## in kg\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Mass of air required per kg of fuel is',m_air,' kg ')\n",
      "##Considering air as an ideal gas,calculating volume of air by ideal gas equation-P*V = n*R*T\n",
      "R = 8310.;##Universal gas constant in J/kmol-K\n",
      "T = (273.+0);## in K\n",
      "P = 1.013*10**5;## in N/m**2\n",
      "n = 1;## 1 kmol of air\n",
      "V_kmol = (n*R*T)/P;## In m**3/kmol\n",
      "M_air = 29.;## Mol. weight of air\n",
      "V_kg = V_kmol/M_air;## in m**3/kg\n",
      "V_air = m_air*V_kg;## in m**3\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Volume of air required is ',V_air,' m^3')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.5\n",
        "Page No. 148\n",
        "Mass of O2 required per kg of fuel is  2.33  kg \n",
        "Mass of air required per kg of fuel is 10.06  kg \n",
        "Volume of air required is  7.77  m^3\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex6-pg149"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.9\n",
      "print('Example 6.9');\n",
      "print('Page No. 157');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "P = 10.;## Boiler pressure in bar\n",
      "Ts = 180.;## Steam temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "Tf = 80.;## Feed water temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "X = 0.95;## Steam dryness fraction\n",
      "m_s = 4100.;## steam rate in kg/h\n",
      "m_f = 238.;## Gas rate in kg/h\n",
      "G_CV = 53.5*10**6.;## In J/kg\n",
      "N_CV = 48*10**6.;##in J/kg\n",
      "\n",
      "##from steam table,AT 10 bar and at temperature T = Ts\n",
      "h2 = (763.+(X*2013.))*10**3;##Specific enthalpy of steam in J/kg\n",
      "##At temperature T = Tf\n",
      "h1 = 335.*10**3;##Specific enthalpy of feed steam in J/kg\n",
      "\n",
      "E_G = ((m_s*(h2-h1)*100)/(m_f*G_CV));##\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The gross efficiency  percentage is',E_G,'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "E_N = ((m_s*(h2-h1)*100)/(m_f*N_CV));##\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The net efficiency  percentage is ',E_N,'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.9\n",
        "Page No. 157\n",
        "The gross efficiency  percentage is 75.36 \n",
        "The net efficiency  percentage is  83.99 \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex7-pg150"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.7\n",
      "print('Example 6.7');\n",
      "print('Page No. 150');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "F = 1;## Weight of fuel in kg\n",
      "e = 0.5;## excess air percentage\n",
      "C = 0.74;## Mass of Carbon in kg\n",
      "H2 = 0.05;## Mass of Hydrogen in kg\n",
      "S = 0.01;## Mass of Sulphur in kg\n",
      "N2 = 0.001;##Mass of Nitrogen in kg\n",
      "O2 = 0.05;## Mass of Oxygen in kg\n",
      "H2O = 0.09;## Mass of Moisture in kg\n",
      "Ash = 0.05;## Mass of Ash in kg\n",
      "\n",
      "w_C = 12.; ## mol. weight of C\n",
      "w_H2 = 2.; ##mol. weight of H2\n",
      "w_O2 = 32.; ## mol. weight of O2\n",
      "w_S = 32.; ##mol. weight of S\n",
      "w_N2 = 28.;## mol. weight of N2\n",
      "w_H20 = 18.;## mol. weight of H2O\n",
      "##Basis- Per kg of fuel\n",
      "mol_C = C / w_C;## kmol of C\n",
      "mol_H2 = H2 /w_H2;##kmol of H2\n",
      "mol_O2 = O2 /w_O2;##kmol of O2\n",
      "mol_S = S /w_S;##kmol of S\n",
      "mol_N2 = N2 /w_N2;##kmol of N2\n",
      "mol_H2O = H2O /w_H20;##kmol of H20\n",
      "\n",
      "##By kmol of product\n",
      "CO2 = mol_C*1.;## CO2 formed by the reaction C + O2 -> CO2\n",
      "H2O_air = mol_H2*1.;## H2O formed by the reaction H2 + (1/2)O2 -> H2O\n",
      "SO2 = mol_S*1.;## SO2 formed by the reaction S + O2 -> SO2\n",
      "Pdt = CO2 + H2O_air + SO2 + mol_N2 + mol_H2O;## Total kmol of combustion products in kmol\n",
      "##Calculation of excess air\n",
      "C_req = mol_C*1;##O2 required by entering C given by reaction C+O2->CO2 in kmol\n",
      "H_req = mol_H2*0.5;##O2 required by entering H2 given by reaction H2+(1/2)O2->H20 in kmol\n",
      "S_req = mol_S*1;##O2 required by entering S given by reaction S+O2->SO2 in kmol\n",
      "O2_req = (C_req + H_req + S_req) - mol_O2;## Total number of kmol of O2 required per kg of fuel in kmol\n",
      "\n",
      "Ex_O2 = O2_req*e;##  Amount of excess oxygen in kmol\n",
      "\n",
      "N2_air = (O2_req*(1+e)*79.)/21.;## in kmol (considering air consists of 79% N2 and 21% O2 by moles)\n",
      "N2_flue = mol_N2 + N2_air;## Total N2 in flue gas in kmol\n",
      "H2O_flue =  mol_H2O+ H2O_air;## Total H2O in flue gas in kmol\n",
      "\n",
      "T_wet = CO2 + H2O_flue + SO2 + Ex_O2 + N2_flue;##Total components of flue gas on a wet basis in kmol\n",
      "T_dry = CO2 + SO2 + Ex_O2 + N2_flue;##Total components of flue gas on a dry basis in kmol\n",
      "H2O_dry = 0;\n",
      "C_wet = ((CO2 / T_wet)*100.);## in percentage \n",
      "H_wet = ((H2O_flue/T_wet)*100.);## in percentage \n",
      "S_wet = ((SO2/T_wet)*100.);## in percentage \n",
      "N_wet = ((N2_flue/T_wet)*100.);## in percentage \n",
      "O_wet = ((Ex_O2/T_wet)*100);## in percentage \n",
      "\n",
      "C_dry = ((CO2 / T_dry)*100.);## in percentage \n",
      "H_dry = ((H2O_dry/T_dry)*100.);## in percentage\n",
      "S_dry = ((SO2/T_dry)*100.);## inpercentage\n",
      "N_dry = ((N2_flue/T_dry)*100.);## in percentage\n",
      "O_dry =((Ex_O2/T_dry)*100.);## in percentage\n",
      "T1 = C_wet + H_wet + S_wet + N_wet +O_wet;## in percentage\n",
      "T2 = C_dry + S_dry + N_dry + O_dry;## in percentage\n",
      "\n",
      "print('components\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t kmol \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t % Composition by volume' '\\n\\n\\n')\n",
      "print('\\t wet \\t\\t dry \\t\\t\\t\\t wet \\t\\t dry ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s  %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t'and  '',CO2,'' '\\t\\t'  '',CO2,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'   '',C_wet,'' and  '\\t\\t\\t\\t' '\\t\\t\\t\\t',C_dry,' \\t\\t\\t\\t ')#and '',CO2,'' and '',C_wet,'' and '',C_dry,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s  %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t' and '',H2O_flue,'' '\\t\\t' '',H2O_dry,''  '\\t\\t\\t\\t'   '',H_wet,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'   '',H_dry,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s  %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t' and  '',SO2,'' '\\t\\t' '',SO2,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'  '',S_wet,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'  '',S_dry,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s  %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t'and  '',N2_flue,' ''\\t\\t'  '',N2_flue,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'   '',N_wet,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'  '',N_dry,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s  %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t' and '',Ex_O2,'' '\\t\\t' '',Ex_O2,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t' '',O_wet,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t' '',O_dry,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s  %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t'and  '',T_wet,''  '\\t\\t' '',T_dry,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'   '',T1,'' '\\t\\t\\t\\t'   '',T2,'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#printf('\\t\\t      kmol \\t\\t   percent composition by volume\\n Component \\t Wet \\t     Dry \\t\\t    Wet \\t  Dry \\n    CO2 \\t %.4f    %.4f  \\t\\t   %.1f \\t  %.1f \\n    H2O \\t %.4f    %.0f  \\t\\t\\t   %.1f \\t\\t  %.1f \\n    SO2 \\t %.4f    %.4f  \\t\\t   %.1f \\t\\t  %.1f \\n    N2 \\t\\t %.4f    %.4f  \\t\\t   %.1f \\t  %.1f \\n    O2 \\t\\t %.4f    %.4f  \\t\\t   %.1f \\t\\t  %.1f \\n    TOTAL \\t %.4f    %.4f  \\t\\t   %.0f \\t\\t  %.0f'\n",
      "#\t,CO2,CO2,C_wet,C_dry,H2O_flue, H2O_dry,H_wet,H_dry,\n",
      "#SO2,SO2,S_wet,S_dry,N2_flue, N2_flue,N_wet,N_dry,Ex_O2,Ex_O2,O_wet,O_dry,T_wet,T_dry,T1,T2)\n",
      "#//Deviation in answes is due to some calculation approxiamation in the book.\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.7\n",
        "Page No. 150\n",
        "components\t\t\t\t\t\t kmol \t\t\t\t\t\t % Composition by volume\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\t wet \t\t dry \t\t\t\t wet \t\t dry \n",
        " 0.06 \t\t 0.06 \t\t\t\t  11.42  12.09  \t\t\t\t  \n",
        " 0.03 \t\t 0.00 \t\t\t\t  5.56 \t\t\t\t 0.00  \n",
        " 0.00 \t\t 0.00 \t\t\t\t  0.06 \t\t\t\t 0.06  \n",
        " 0.41  \t\t 0.41 \t\t\t\t  76.21 \t\t\t\t 80.70  \n",
        " 0.04 \t\t 0.04 \t\t\t\t  6.75 \t\t\t\t 7.15  \n",
        " 0.54 \t\t 0.51 \t\t\t\t  100.00 \t\t\t\t 100.00  \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 30
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex8-pg156"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.8\n",
      "print('Example 6.8');\n",
      "print('Page No. 156');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "H = 0.05;## Hydrogen percentage - [%]\n",
      "O = 0.08;## Oxygen percentage - [%]\n",
      "C = 0.86;## Carbon percentage - [%]\n",
      "S = 0.001;## Sulphur percentage - [%]\n",
      "\n",
      "G_CV = ((33.9*C)+143*(H-(O/8.))+(9.1*S))*10**6;\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The gross calorific value is ',G_CV,' J/kg ')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "N_CV = ((33.9*C)+121*(H-(O/8.))+(9.1*S))*10**6.;\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The net calorific value is ',N_CV,' J/kg')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.8\n",
        "Page No. 156\n",
        "The gross calorific value is  34883100.00  J/kg \n",
        "The net calorific value is  34003100.00  J/kg\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 36
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex9-pg157"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.9\n",
      "print('Example 6.9');\n",
      "print('Page No. 157');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "P = 10.;## Boiler pressure in bar\n",
      "Ts = 180.;## Steam temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "Tf = 80.;## Feed water temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "X = 0.95;## Steam dryness fraction\n",
      "m_s = 4100.;## steam rate in kg/h\n",
      "m_f = 238.;## Gas rate in kg/h\n",
      "G_CV = 53.5*10**6.;## In J/kg\n",
      "N_CV = 48*10**6.;##in J/kg\n",
      "\n",
      "##from steam table,AT 10 bar and at temperature T = Ts\n",
      "h2 = (763.+(X*2013.))*10**3;##Specific enthalpy of steam in J/kg\n",
      "##At temperature T = Tf\n",
      "h1 = 335.*10**3;##Specific enthalpy of feed steam in J/kg\n",
      "\n",
      "E_G = ((m_s*(h2-h1)*100)/(m_f*G_CV));##\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The gross efficiency  percentage is',E_G,'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "E_N = ((m_s*(h2-h1)*100)/(m_f*N_CV));##\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The net efficiency  percentage is ',E_N,'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.9\n",
        "Page No. 157\n",
        "The gross efficiency  percentage is 75.36 \n",
        "The net efficiency  percentage is  83.99 \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 31
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex10-pg 158"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.10\n",
      "print('Example 6.10');\n",
      "print('Page No. 158');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "##for Boiler-1\n",
      "P_1 = 15.;## Boiler pressure in bar\n",
      "Ts_1 = 300.;## Steam temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "Tf_1 = 80.;## Feed water temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "X_1 = 0.;## Steam dryness fraction\n",
      "m_s1 = 9000.;## steam rate in kg/h\n",
      "m_f1 = 700.;## Gas rate in kg/h\n",
      "G_CV1 = 43.0*10**6;## In J/kg\n",
      "##from steam table,at P = 15 bar and at given temperatures\n",
      "h2_1 = 3039.*10**3;##Specific enthalpy of steam in J/kg\n",
      "h1_1 = 335.*10**3;##Specific enthalpy of feed steam in J/kg\n",
      "\n",
      "E_G1 = ((m_s1*(h2_1-h1_1)*100.)/(m_f1*G_CV1));##\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The gross efficiency  percentage is ',E_G1,'')\n",
      "Ee_1 = ((m_s1/m_f1)*(h2_1-h1_1))/(2257*10**3);\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('the  equivalent evaporation for boiler-1 is',Ee_1,' kg ')\n",
      "\n",
      "##for Boiler-2\n",
      "P_2 = 10.;## Boiler pressure in bar\n",
      "Ts_2 = 180.;## Steam temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "Tf_2 = 60.;## Feed water temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "X_2 = 0.96;## Steam dryness fraction\n",
      "m_s2 = 7000.;## steam rate in kg/h\n",
      "m_f2 = 510.;## Gas rate in kg/h\n",
      "G_CV2 = 43.0*10**6.;## In J/kg\n",
      "##from steam table,AT 10 bar and at temperature T = Ts_2\n",
      "h2 = (763.+(X_2*2013.))*10**3.;##Specific enthalpy of steam in J/kg\n",
      "##At temperature T = Tf_2\n",
      "h1 = 251.*10**3.;##Specific enthalpy of feed steam in J/kg\n",
      "\n",
      "E_G2 = ((m_s2*(h2-h1)*100)/(m_f2*G_CV2));##\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The gross efficiency  percentage is',E_G2,'')\n",
      "Ee_2 = ((m_s2/m_f2)*(h2-h1))/(2257*10**3);\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('the  equivalent evaporation for boiler-2 is ',Ee_2,' kg')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.10\n",
        "Page No. 158\n",
        "The gross efficiency  percentage is  80.85 \n",
        "the  equivalent evaporation for boiler-1 is 15.40  kg \n",
        "The gross efficiency  percentage is 78.03 \n",
        "the  equivalent evaporation for boiler-2 is  14.87  kg\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 32
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex11-pg167"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.11\n",
      "print('Example 6.11\\n\\n');\n",
      "print('Page No. 167\\n\\n');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "m = 10.*10**3;## Production of boiler in kg/h\n",
      "X = 0.95;##Dryness fraction\n",
      "P = 10.;##Pressure ib bar\n",
      "T_fw = 95.;## Feed water temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "T_mf = 230.;## Mean flue gae temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "T_mb = 25.;## Mean boiler house temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "Coal_c = 900.;## Coal consumption in kg/h\n",
      "A = 0.08;## Ash content in coal\n",
      "C_c = 0.15;##carbon content in coal\n",
      "CV_coal = 33.50*10**6;## Calorific value of coal in J\n",
      "M = 28.;## Mass of flue gas per kg coal in kg\n",
      "Cp = 1.05*10**3;## Mean Specific heat capacity of the flue gas in J/kg-K\n",
      "CV_c = 34.*10**6;## Calorific value of carbon in J/kg\n",
      "\n",
      "M_s = m/Coal_c;## Mass of steam produced per kg coal in kg\n",
      "H_w = (M_s*(763.+(X*2013.) - 398.)*10**3)/10**6;## Heat absorbed by water per kg coal in 10^6 J(from steam table at given pressure and dryness fraction)\n",
      "H_f = (M*Cp*(T_mf - T_mb))/10**6;## Heat in flue gas in 10^6 J \n",
      "H_uc = (A*C_c*CV_c)/10**6;##Heat in unburnt carbon in 10^6 J\n",
      "h_sup = (CV_coal)/10**6;## Heat supplied by coal in 10^6 J\n",
      "un_acc = (h_sup - (H_w + H_f + H_uc));## unaccounted heat losses in 10^6 J\n",
      "a = (h_sup/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "b = (H_w/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "c = (H_f/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "d = (H_uc/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "e = (un_acc/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "T = b + c + d + e;\n",
      "print(' THERMAL BALANCE SHEET :\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t 10^6 J')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('percentage',a,'\\t'   'Heat supplied by coal   ',h_sup,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('percentage',b,'\\t'   'Heat absorbed by water  ',H_w,''  )\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('percentage',c,'\\t'   'Heat in flue gas',H_f,'') \n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('percentage',d,'\\t'   'Heat in unburnt carbon',H_uc,'') \n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('percentage',e,'\\t'   'unaccounted heat losses',un_acc,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('TOTALpercentage ',T,'\\t'  'TOTAL heat supplied',h_sup,'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.11\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "Page No. 167\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        " THERMAL BALANCE SHEET :\n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t 10^6 J\n",
        "percentage 100.00 \tHeat supplied by coal    33.50  \n",
        "percentage 75.53 \tHeat absorbed by water   25.30  \n",
        "percentage 17.99 \tHeat in flue gas 6.03  \n",
        "percentage 1.22 \tHeat in unburnt carbon 0.41  \n",
        "percentage 5.26 \tunaccounted heat losses 1.76  \n",
        "TOTALpercentage  100.00 \tTOTAL heat supplied 33.50  \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 33
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex12-pg168"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.12\n",
      "print('Example 6.12');\n",
      "print('Page No. 168');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "C_Rate = 2920.;## Coal consumption rate in kg/h\n",
      "S_Rate = 22.5*10**3;## Steam consumption rate in kg/h\n",
      "Ps = 20.;## Steam pressure in bar\n",
      "Ts = 350.;## Steam Temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "Tf_in = 70.;## Feed water temperature inlet economiser in degree celcius\n",
      "Tf_out = 110.;## Feed water temperature outlet economiser in degree celcius\n",
      "Tm_b = 25.;## Mean Boiler house temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "Tm_f = 260.;## Mean exit flue gas temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "CO2_f = 15.8;## CO2 content of dry exit flue gas by volume\n",
      "CO_f = 0.;## CO content of dry exit flue gas by volume\n",
      "C_ash = 0.025;## Carbon in ash in [%]\n",
      "G = 0.005;## Grit produced in [%]\n",
      "##Analysis of coal(as fired)\n",
      "M = 0.105;## Moisture [%]\n",
      "VM = 0.308;##Volatile matter [%]\n",
      "FC = 0.497;## FIxed carbon [%]\n",
      "Ash =0.09;## ASh [%]\n",
      "C = 0.66;## Carbon percentage - [%]\n",
      "H2 = 0.042;## Hydrogen percentage - [%]\n",
      "S = 0.015;## Sulphur percentage - [%]\n",
      "N2 = 0.012;## Nitrogen percentage - [%]\n",
      "O2 = 0.076;## Oxygen percentage - [%]\n",
      "H20 = 0.105;## Moisture percentage - [%]\n",
      "G_CV = 26.90;## Gross Calorific Value in 10**6 J/kg\n",
      "CV_C = 33.8*10**6;## Calorif Value of carbon in J/kg\n",
      "CV_G = 33.8*10**6;## Calorif Value of Grit in J/kg\n",
      "Ps_l = 20.;## Pressure of steam leaving the boiler in bar\n",
      "\n",
      "##(a) Calculation of excess air usage\n",
      "##(a.1) Theoretical oxygen requirement\n",
      "F = 1.;## Fuel feed required in kg\n",
      "w_C = 12.; ## mol. weight of C\n",
      "w_H2 = 2.; ##mol. weight of H2\n",
      "w_S = 32.; ##mol. weight of S\n",
      "w_N2 = 28.; ## mol. weight of N2\n",
      "w_O2 = 32.; ## mol. weight of O2\n",
      "##Basis- Per kg of fuel\n",
      "mol_C = C / w_C;## kmol of C\n",
      "mol_H2 = H2 /w_H2;##kmol of H2\n",
      "mol_S = S /w_S;##kmol of S\n",
      "mol_N2 = N2 /w_N2;##kmol of N2\n",
      "mol_O2 = O2 /w_O2;##kmol of O2\n",
      "##Calculation of excess air\n",
      "C_req = mol_C*1;##O2 required by entering C given by reaction C+O2->CO2 in kmol\n",
      "H_req = mol_H2*0.5;##O2 required by entering H2 given by reaction H2+(1/2)O2->H20 in kmol\n",
      "S_req = mol_S*1;##O2 required by entering S given by reaction S+O2->SO2 in kmol\n",
      "O2_req = (C_req + H_req + S_req) - mol_O2;## in kmol\n",
      "N2_air = (O2_req*76.8)/23.2;## in kmol (considering air consists of 76.8% N2 and 23.2% O2 )\n",
      "print('(a.1) ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Total number of kmol of O2 required per kg of fuel is ',O2_req,' kmol ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('N2 associated with O2 is ',N2_air,' kmol ')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(a.2) Theoretical CO2 content of dry flue gas\n",
      "T = C_req + S_req + mol_N2 + N2_air;## Total flue gas in kmol\n",
      "CO2 = (C_req/T)*100.;## in [%]\n",
      "print('(a.2) ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Theoretical CO2 content of dry flue gas in percentage is ',CO2,' ')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(a.3)Excess air based on CO2 content\n",
      "Ex_air = ((CO2 - CO2_f)/CO2_f)*100.;##  in [%]\n",
      "print('(a.3) ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Excess air based on CO2 content in percentage is ',math.floor(Ex_air),'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "##(b) Fuel gas components\n",
      "##(b.1) Composition per kg fuel\n",
      "w_CO2 = 44.;## mol. weight of CO2\n",
      "w_SO2 = 64.;## mol. weight of SO2\n",
      "## FOR DRY GAS\n",
      "CO2_d = C_req * w_CO2;## In kg/kg\n",
      "SO2_d = S_req * w_SO2;## In kg/kg\n",
      "N2_d = mol_N2 * w_N2;##  N2 from fuel In kg/kg\n",
      "N2_air_d = N2_air * w_N2;##  N2 from air In kg/kg\n",
      "T_N2 = N2_d + N2_air_d;## In kg/kg\n",
      "T_dry = CO2_d + SO2_d + T_N2;## In kg/kg\n",
      "print('(b.1) ')\n",
      "print('Composition of dry gas ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('CO2        ',CO2_d,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('SO2      ',SO2_d,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('N2 from fuel         ',N2_d,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('N2 from air         ',N2_air_d,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Total dry air         ',T_dry,'kg/kg')\n",
      "\n",
      "##FOR WET GAS\n",
      "w_H2O = 18.;## mol. weight of H2O\n",
      "H2O_f = M;##  H2O from fuel\n",
      "H2O_H2 = mol_H2 * w_H2O;## H2O from H2\n",
      "T_H2O = H2O_f + H2O_H2;## in kg/kg\n",
      "print('Composition of wet gas ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('H2O from fuel         ',H2O_f,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('H2O from H2         ',H2O_H2,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Total H2O in wet gas         ',T_H2O,'kg/kg')\n",
      "\n",
      "##FOR DRY EXCESS AIR\n",
      "O2_dry_ex = O2_req * w_O2 *0.3;##in kg/kg\n",
      "N2_dry_ex = N2_air * w_N2 *0.3;##in kg/kg \n",
      "T_dry_ex = O2_dry_ex + N2_dry_ex;## in kg/kg\n",
      "print('Composition of dry excess air ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('O2      ',O2_dry_ex,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('N2     ',N2_dry_ex,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Total dry excess air       ',T_dry_ex,'kg/kg')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(b.2) Enthalpy\n",
      "## From steam table or from the appendix C.2; at the given pressure and temperatures, the following specific heat capacity for different gases are obtained\n",
      "Cp_CO2_T1 = 1.04*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of CO2 at temperature Tm_f in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_CO2_T2 = 0.85*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of CO2 at temperature Tm_b in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_SO2_T1 = 0.73*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of SO2 at temperature Tm_f in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_SO2_T2 = 0.62*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of SO2 at temperature Tm_b in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_N2_T1 = 1.07*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of N2 at temperature Tm_f in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_N2_T2 = 1.06*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of N2 at temperature Tm_b in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_O2_T1 = 0.99*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of O2 at temperature Tm_f in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_O2_T2 = 0.91*10**3;## Specific heat Capacity of O2 at temperature Tm_b in J/kg-K\n",
      "\n",
      "Cp_dry_T1 = ((CO2_d * Cp_CO2_T1) + (SO2_d * Cp_SO2_T1) + (T_N2 * Cp_N2_T1))/T_dry;## in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_dry_T2 = ((CO2_d * Cp_CO2_T2) + (SO2_d * Cp_SO2_T2) + (T_N2 * Cp_N2_T2))/T_dry;## in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_air_T1 = ((O2_dry_ex * Cp_O2_T1) + (N2_dry_ex * Cp_N2_T1))/T_dry_ex;## in J/kg-K\n",
      "Cp_air_T2 = ((O2_dry_ex * Cp_O2_T2) + (N2_dry_ex * Cp_N2_T2))/T_dry_ex;## in J/kg-K\n",
      "print('(b.2) ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Specific heat Capacity of dry gas at 260 deg C is ',Cp_dry_T1,' J/kg-K ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Specific heat Capacity of dry gas at 25 deg C is ',Cp_dry_T2,' J/kg-K')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Specific heat Capacity of dry excess air at 260 deg C is ',Cp_air_T1,' J/kg-K ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Specific heat Capacity of dry excess air at 25 deg C is ',Cp_air_T2,' J/kg-K ')\n",
      "\n",
      "## From Steam table or Appendix B.3, Enthalpy of superheated steam is obtained at 260 deg C and 1 bar\n",
      "E_s = 2995.*10**3;##in J/kg-K\n",
      "\n",
      "##(c) Heat transferred to water\n",
      "E_w = S_Rate / C_Rate;## Evaporation of water per kg of fuel in kg\n",
      "E = (E_w*(461. - 293.)*10**3)/10**6;## in 10**6 J\n",
      "B = (E_w*(2797. - 461.)*10**3)/10**6;## in 10**6 J\n",
      "S = (E_w*(3139. - 2797.)*10**3)/10**6;## in 10**6 J\n",
      "print('(c) ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat to water in Economiser is ',E,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat to water in Boiler is ',B,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat to water in Superheater is ',S,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(d) Heat loss in flue gas\n",
      "hl = 1056*10**3;## Enthalpy of steam at 25 deg C (from steam table) in J/kg-K\n",
      "loss_dry = T_dry*((Tm_f*Cp_dry_T1) - (Tm_b*Cp_dry_T2))/10**6;## in  10**6 J\n",
      "loss_wet = T_H2O*(E_s - hl)/10**6;## in 10**6 J\n",
      "loss_ex_air = T_dry_ex*((Tm_f*Cp_air_T1) - (Tm_b*Cp_air_T2))/10**6;## in 10**6 J\n",
      "print('(d) ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat loss in dry flue gas is ',loss_dry,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat loss in wet flue gas is ',loss_wet,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Heat loss in dry excess air is ',loss_ex_air,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(e) Heat loss in combustile matter in ash\n",
      "loss_ash = (Ash * C_ash * CV_C)/10**6;## in 10**6 J\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(e) Heat loss in combustile matter in ash is ',loss_ash,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(f) Heat loss in grit\n",
      "loss_grit = (G * CV_G)/10**6;## in  10**6 J\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(f) Heat loss in grit is ',loss_grit,' *10^6 J ')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(g) Radiation and unaccounted heat loss\n",
      "h_sup = G_CV;## Heat supplied by the coal in 10**6 J\n",
      "loss_rad = (h_sup - (E + B + S + loss_dry + loss_wet + loss_ex_air + loss_ash + loss_grit));## Radiation and unaccounted loss in 10**6 J\n",
      "a = (h_sup/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "b = (E/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "c = (B/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "d = (S/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "e = (loss_dry/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "f = (loss_wet/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "g = (loss_ex_air/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "h = (loss_ash/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "i = (loss_grit/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "j = (loss_rad/h_sup)*100.;\n",
      "T = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j;\n",
      "print('(g) THERMAL BALANCE SHEET :\\t percentage \\t\\t\\t 10**6 J ')  \n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',a,'\\t'   'Heat supplied by coal   ',h_sup,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',b,'\\t'   'Heat absorbed to loss in economiser  ',E,''  )\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',c,'\\t'   'boiler',B,'') \n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',d,'\\t'   'superheater',S,'') \n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',e,'\\t'   'heat loss in :dry flue gas',loss_dry,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',f,'\\t'   'wet flue gas   ',loss_wet,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',g,'\\t'   'dry eecess air  ',loss_ex_air,''  )\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',h,'\\t'   'heat loss in ash',loss_ash,'') \n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',i,'\\t'   'heat loss in grit',loss_grit,'') \n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t percentage',j,'\\t'   'radiation and unaccounted heat losses',loss_rad,'')\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tTOTAL  percentage ',T,'\\t'  'TOTAL heat supplied',h_sup,'')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.12\n",
        "Page No. 168\n",
        "(a.1) \n",
        "Total number of kmol of O2 required per kg of fuel is  0.06  kmol \n",
        "N2 associated with O2 is  0.21  kmol \n",
        "(a.2) \n",
        "Theoretical CO2 content of dry flue gas in percentage is  20.64  \n",
        "(a.3) \n",
        "Excess air based on CO2 content in percentage is  30.00 \n",
        "(b.1) \n",
        "Composition of dry gas \n",
        "CO2         2.42 \n",
        "SO2       0.03 \n",
        "N2 from fuel          0.01 \n",
        "N2 from air          5.89 \n",
        "Total dry air          8.36 kg/kg\n",
        "Composition of wet gas \n",
        "H2O from fuel          0.10 \n",
        "H2O from H2          0.38 \n",
        "Total H2O in wet gas          0.48 kg/kg\n",
        "Composition of dry excess air \n",
        "O2       0.61 \n",
        "N2      1.77 \n",
        "Total dry excess air        2.38 kg/kg\n",
        "(b.2) \n",
        "Specific heat Capacity of dry gas at 260 deg C is  1060.09  J/kg-K \n",
        "Specific heat Capacity of dry gas at 25 deg C is  997.61  J/kg-K\n",
        "Specific heat Capacity of dry excess air at 260 deg C is  1049.47  J/kg-K \n",
        "Specific heat Capacity of dry excess air at 25 deg C is  1021.50  J/kg-K \n",
        "(c) \n",
        "Heat to water in Economiser is  1.29  *10^6 J \n",
        "Heat to water in Boiler is  18.00  *10^6 J \n",
        "Heat to water in Superheater is  2.64  *10^6 J \n",
        "(d) \n",
        "Heat loss in dry flue gas is  2.09  *10^6 J \n",
        "Heat loss in wet flue gas is  0.94  *10^6 J \n",
        "Heat loss in dry excess air is  0.59  *10^6 J \n",
        "(e) Heat loss in combustile matter in ash is  0.08  *10^6 J \n",
        "(f) Heat loss in grit is  0.17  *10^6 J \n",
        "(g) THERMAL BALANCE SHEET :\t percentage \t\t\t 10**6 J \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 100.00 \tHeat supplied by coal    26.90  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 4.81 \tHeat absorbed to loss in economiser   1.29  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 66.91 \tboiler 18.00  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 9.80 \tsuperheater 2.64  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 7.79 \theat loss in :dry flue gas 2.09  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 3.48 \twet flue gas    0.94  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 2.19 \tdry eecess air   0.59  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 0.28 \theat loss in ash 0.08  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 0.63 \theat loss in grit 0.17  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t percentage 4.11 \tradiation and unaccounted heat losses 1.11  \n",
        "\t\t\t\t\tTOTAL  percentage  100.00 \tTOTAL heat supplied 26.90  \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 34
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ex13-pg188"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math\n",
      "## Example 6.13\n",
      "print('Example 6.13\\n\\n');\n",
      "print('Page No. 188\\n\\n');\n",
      "\n",
      "## given\n",
      "P = 1.5;## Pressure in bar\n",
      "T = 111.;## Temperature in degree celcius\n",
      "m = 2.;## mass flow rate of process liquid in kg/s\n",
      "Cp = 4.01*10**3;## Mean Specific heat capacity in J/kg_K\n",
      "Tl_i = 20.;## Inlet temperature of liquid in degree celcius\n",
      "Tl_o = 90.;## Outlet temperature of liquid in degree celcius\n",
      "Ps = 15.;## Pressure of steam in bar\n",
      "X = 0.97;## Dryness fraction of steam\n",
      "Pa = 1.5;##Pressure after adiabatic expansion in bar\n",
      "Ta = 80.;## Temperature of injecting condensate in degree celcius\n",
      "\n",
      "##(a)\n",
      "Q = m*Cp*(Tl_o - Tl_i);## in W\n",
      "L = 2227.*10**3;## Latent heat of 1.5 bar steam in J/kg\n",
      "m_a = Q/L;\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(a) Mass flow rate of 1.5 bar steam is ',m_a,' kg/s \\n')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(b)\n",
      "##from steam table, Specific enthalpy of 0.97 dry 15 bar absolute steam\n",
      "h = ((843.+(X*1946.))*10**3);## in J/kg\n",
      "##the balance for the desuperheater,when y is the mass flow rate(kg/s) of condensate at 80 deg C is,on the basis of 1kg/s of superheated steam: => (1*2731*10^3)+(335*10^3*y)=(1+y)*2693*10^3\n",
      "y = (((2731.-2693.)*10**3)/((2693.-335.)*10**3))## in kg/s\n",
      "m_b = m_a/(1.+y);## in kg/s\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(b) Mass flow rate of 15 bar steam is ',m_b,' kg/s \\n')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(c)\n",
      "m_c = y*m_b;##in kg/s\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(c) Mass flow rate of condensateis ',m_c,' kg/s\\n')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(d)\n",
      "v = 30.;## steam velocity in m/s\n",
      "##from steam table\n",
      "V = 1.16;## Specific volum of 1.5 bar saturated steam in m^3/kg\n",
      "V_d = V*m_a;## in m^3/s\n",
      "d = ((V_d*4.)/(v*math.pi))**0.5;## im m\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(d) The vapour main diameter is ',d,' m \\n')\n",
      "\n",
      "##(e)\n",
      "l = 2.5;## Length of tubes in m\n",
      "d_i = 10*10**-3;## Internal Diameter of tube in m\n",
      "U = 1500.;##  Overall heat transfer coefficent in W/m^2-K\n",
      "\n",
      "a = math.pi*d_i*l;## in m^2\n",
      "T1 = T - Tl_i;## in degree celcius\n",
      "T2 = T - Tl_o;## in degree celcius\n",
      "Tm = ((T2-T1)/math.log(T2/T1));## logarithmic mean temperature of pipe in  degree celcius\n",
      "A = Q/(U*Tm);## in m^2\n",
      "N = A/a;\n",
      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(e) The number of tubes required is ',N,'\\n')\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Example 6.13\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "Page No. 188\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "(a) Mass flow rate of 1.5 bar steam is  0.25  kg/s \n",
        "\n",
        "(b) Mass flow rate of 15 bar steam is  0.25  kg/s \n",
        "\n",
        "(c) Mass flow rate of condensateis  0.00  kg/s\n",
        "\n",
        "(d) The vapour main diameter is  0.11  m \n",
        "\n",
        "(e) The number of tubes required is  99.82 \n",
        "\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 35
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}