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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Chapter 4: viscosity"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Exa 4.1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"SI units (Pa s) = 1.00e-03\n",
" \n",
" BE units (lbm/ft s) = 6.73e-02\n",
" \n",
" Reyns units (reyn) = 1.45e-05\n",
"press enter key to exit\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"''"
]
},
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"#At 68F the experimental value of absolute viscosity for water is 1 cp.\n",
"#What is the equivalent value in (a)SI units (b) BTU and (c)reyns?\n",
"import math\n",
"#initialisation of variables\n",
"V= 1. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#cp\n",
"#CALCULATIONS\n",
"#An extra 100 is multiplied to convert poise to lbf s \n",
"SI= V/100./10. \t\t\t\t\t\t#Pa.s\n",
"BE= (V*32.2*100/100)/(4.788*100.) \t#lbf s/ft^2\n",
"RE= V*100/100./(4.788*100*144.) \t#reyn\n",
"#RESULTS\n",
"print '%s %.2e' % ('SI units (Pa s) = ',SI)\n",
"print '%s %.2e' % (' \\n BE units (lbm/ft s) = ',BE)\n",
"print '%s %.2e' % (' \\n Reyns units (reyn) = ',RE)\n",
"raw_input('press enter key to exit')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Exa 4.2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"SI Units (m^2/s) = 1.00e-06\n",
" \n",
" British Units (ft/s) = 1.08e-05\n",
"press enter key to exit\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"''"
]
},
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"#Determine the kinematic viscosity of water at 68F in (a)SI units (b) BTU\n",
"import math\n",
"#initialisation of variables\n",
"T= 68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t#F\n",
"d= 1.0\t\t\t\t\t \t\t#gm/cm^3\n",
"mu= math.pow(10,-2) \t\t\t#gm/cm s\n",
"SIm= math.pow(10,-4) \t\t\t#m^2/s\n",
"m= 10.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t#ft\n",
"#CALCULATIONS\n",
"SI= mu*SIm \t\t\t\t\t\t#kinematic viscosity in SI\n",
"BU= SI*m \t\t\t\t\t\t#kinematic viscosity in BTU\n",
"#RESULTS\n",
"print '%s %.2e' % ('SI Units (m^2/s) = ',SI)\n",
"print '%s %.2e' % (' \\n British Units (ft/s) = ',BU)\n",
"raw_input('press enter key to exit')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Exa 4.3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Stoke Units (stoke) = 0.0430\n",
"press enter key to exit\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"''"
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"#Determine the kinematic viscosity of 40 SUS oil.\n",
"import math\n",
"#initialisation of variables\n",
"Ku= 40. \t\t\t\t\t\t#SUS\n",
"#CALCULATIONS\n",
"SU= 0.0022*Ku-(1.8/Ku) \t\t\t#stoke units\n",
"#RESULTS\n",
"print '%s %.4f' % ('Stoke Units (stoke) = ',SU)\n",
"raw_input('press enter key to exit')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Exa 4.4"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Re= 2.604e+05\n",
" \n",
" Re= 2.604e+05\n",
"press enter key to exit\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"''"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"#Air at 70F flows through a duct at 50 fps. Calculate the Reynolds number\n",
"#if the duct is (a) 10 in in diameter (b) 10 in square\n",
"import math\n",
"#initialisation of variables\n",
"v= 50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#fps\n",
"mu= 1.6*math.pow(10,-4) \t\t\t\t#ft^2/s\n",
"d1= 10. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#in\n",
"d2= 10. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#in square\n",
"#CALACULATIONS\n",
"D= (math.pi*4*d1*d1/4)/(math.pi*d2*12) \t#Modified diameter\n",
"Re= (v*D)/mu \t\t\t\t\t\t\t#Reynolds number\n",
"D1= (d1*d1/(4*d2*3)) \t\t\t\t\t#Modified diameter\n",
"Re1= (v*D1)/mu \t\t\t\t\t\t\t#Reynolds number\n",
"#RESULTS\n",
"print '%s %.3e' % ('Re= ',Re)\n",
"print '%s %.3e' % (' \\n Re= ',Re1)\n",
"raw_input('press enter key to exit')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Exa 4.5"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Q (m^3/s) = 8.77e-07\n",
"press enter key to exit\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"''"
]
},
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"#A fluid with a viscosity of 1.75x 10^-3 pa.s. flows through a tube of 0.5 mm\n",
"#diameter. if the pressure drop across a 1m length of the tube is 1 MPa, and \n",
"#the flow is fully developed and laminar, what is the flow rate?\n",
"import math\n",
"#initialisation of variables\n",
"v= 1.75*math.pow(10,-3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#pa s\n",
"l= 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#m\n",
"P= 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#Mpa\n",
"d= 0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#mm\n",
"#CALCULATIONS\n",
"Q= (math.pi*P*1000000.*math.pow(((d/2)/1000.),4))/(l*8*v)\t#Flow rate\n",
"#RESULTS \n",
"print '%s %.2e' % ('Q (m^3/s) = ',Q)\n",
"raw_input('press enter key to exit')"
]
}
],
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