path: root/Electrical_Circuit_Theory_And_Technology/chapter_44-checkpoint.ipynb

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 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h1>Chapter 44: Transmission lines</h1>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 1, page no. 873</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine (a) the wavelength on the line, and (b) the speed of transmission of a signal.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "f  =  1910;#  in  Hz\n",
      "b  =  0.05;#  in  rad/km\n",
      "\n",
      "#calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #wavelength  \n",
      "Y  =  2*math.pi/b\n",
      " #speed  of  transmission\n",
      "u  =  f*Y\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  wavelength  Y  is  \",round(Y,1),\"  km\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  speed  of  transmission  \",round(u,1),\"km/sec\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  wavelength  Y  is   125.7   km\n",
        "\n",
        "  speed  of  transmission   240017.7 km/sec"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 2, page no. 873</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine, for a frequency of operation of 1 kHz, \n",
      "#(a) the phase delay, \n",
      "#(b) the wavelength on the line, and \n",
      "#(c) the velocity of propagation (in metres per second) of the signal.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "L  =  0.004;#  in  Henry/loop\n",
      "C  =  0.004E-6;#  in  F/loop\n",
      "f  =  1000;#  in  Hz\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #phase  delay\n",
      "b  =  w*(L*C)**0.5\n",
      " #wavelength  \n",
      "Y  =  2*math.pi/b\n",
      " #speed  of  transmission\n",
      "u  =  f*Y\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  phase  delay  is  \",round(b,3),\"  rad/km\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  wavelength  Y  is  \",Y,\"  km\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  speed  of  transmission  \",u,\"km/sec\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  phase  delay  is   0.025   rad/km\n",
        "\n",
        "  wavelength  Y  is   250.0   km\n",
        "\n",
        "  speed  of  transmission   250000.0 km/sec"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 3, page no. 874</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#determine the voltage at a point 10 km down the line,\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "a  =  0.25;#  in  Np/km\n",
      "b  =  0.20;#  in  rad/km\n",
      "Vs  =  5;#  in  Volts\n",
      "n  =  10;#  in  km\n",
      "f  =  2000;#  in  Hz\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #the  voltage  10  km  down  the  line\n",
      "r  =  a  +  1j*b\n",
      "VR  =  Vs*cmath.e**(-1*n*r)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"voltage  10  km  down  the  line is \",round(abs(VR),2),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(VR.real,VR.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  V\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        " Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "voltage  10  km  down  the  line is  0.41 /_ -114.59 deg  V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 4, page no. 875</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine the magnitude and phase of the current at the receiving end,\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "a  =  0.5;#  in  Np/km\n",
      "b  =  0.25;#  in  rad/km\n",
      "rvs  =  2;#  in  Volts\n",
      "thetavs  =  0;#  in  degrees\n",
      "rzo  =  800;#  in  ohm\n",
      "thetazo  =  -25;#  in  degrees\n",
      "n  =  5;#  in  km\n",
      "\n",
      "#calculation:\n",
      " #voltage\n",
      "Vs  =  rvs*math.cos(thetavs*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rvs*math.sin(thetavs*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance\n",
      "Zo  =  rzo*math.cos(thetazo*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rzo*math.sin(thetazo*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #  receiving  end  voltage\n",
      "r  =  a  +  1j*b\n",
      "VR  =  Vs*cmath.e**(-1*n*r)\n",
      " #Receiving  end  current,\n",
      "IR  =  VR/Zo\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"Receiving end current, IR is  \",round(abs(IR)*1E3,3),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(IR.real,IR.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  mA\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "Receiving end current, IR is   0.205 /_ -46.62 deg  mA\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 5, page no. 875</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine the output voltage if the length of the line is doubled.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "Vs  =  8;#  in  Volts\n",
      "VR  =  2;#  in  Volts\n",
      "x  =  2;  \n",
      "\n",
      "#calculation:\n",
      " #  receiving  end  voltage  VR  =  Vs*e**(-nr)\n",
      " #e**-nr  =  p\n",
      "p  =  VR/Vs\n",
      " #If  the  line  is  doubled  in  length,  then\n",
      "VR  =  Vs*(p)**2\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  Receiving  end  voltage  If  the  line  is  doubled  in  length,  VR  is  \",abs(VR),\" V\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Receiving  end  voltage  If  the  line  is  doubled  in  length,  VR  is   0.5  V"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 6, page no. 876</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine the characteristic impedance of the line at this frequency.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "rzoc  =  800;#  in  ohm\n",
      "thetazoc  =  -50;#  in  degrees\n",
      "rzsc  =  413;#  in  ohm\n",
      "thetazsc  =  -20;#  in  degrees\n",
      "f  =  1500;#  in  Hz\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      " #open  circuit  impedance\n",
      "Zoc  =  rzoc*math.cos(thetazoc*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rzoc*math.sin(thetazoc*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #short  circuit  impedance\n",
      "Zsc  =  rzsc*math.cos(thetazsc*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rzsc*math.sin(thetazsc*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance  Zo\n",
      "Zo  =  (Zoc*Zsc)**0.5\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"characteristic impedance Zo is\",round(abs(Zo)),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(Zo.real,Zo.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  ohm\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "characteristic impedance Zo is 575.0 /_ -35.0 deg  ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 7, page no. 877</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine the characteristic impedance of the line when the frequency is 2 kHz.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "R  =  15;#  in  ohm/loop  km\n",
      "L  =  0.0034;#  in  H/loop  km\n",
      "C  =  10E-9;#  in  F/km\n",
      "G  =  3E-6;#  in  S/km\n",
      "f  =  2000;#  in  Hz\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance  Zo\n",
      "Zo  =  ((R  +  1j*w*L)/(G  +  1j*w*C))**0.5\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"characteristic impedance Zo  is  \",round(abs(Zo),0),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(Zo.real,Zo.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  ohm\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "characteristic impedance Zo  is   600.0 /_ -8.99 deg  ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 8, page no. 879</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine, at an operating frequency of 400 kHz, (a) the characteristic impedance,\n",
      "#(b) the propagation coefficient, (c) the wavelength on the line, and \n",
      "#(d) the velocity of propagation, in metres per second, of a signal.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "L  =  0.0005;#  in  H/loop  km\n",
      "C  =  0.12E-6;#  in  F/km\n",
      "f  =  400000;#  in  Hz\n",
      "\n",
      "#calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance  Zo\n",
      "Zo  =  (L/C)**0.5\n",
      " #the  propagation  coefficient\n",
      "r  =  1j*w*(L*C)**0.5\n",
      " #the  attenuation  coefficient  \n",
      "a  =  r.real\n",
      " #the  phaseshift  coefficient\n",
      "b  =  r.imag\n",
      " #wavelength\n",
      "Y  =  2*math.pi/b\n",
      " #velocity  of  propagation  \n",
      "u  =  f*Y\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  characteristic  impedance  Zo  is  \",abs(Zo),\"ohm\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  propagation  coefficient  is  \",a,\"  +(\",round(b,2),\")i\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  wavelength  Y  is  \",round(Y*1E3,0),\"m\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  speed  of  transmission  \",round(u,2),\"km/sec\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  characteristic  impedance  Zo  is   64.5497224368 ohm\n",
        "\n",
        "  propagation  coefficient  is   0.0   +( 19.47 )i\n",
        "\n",
        "  wavelength  Y  is   323.0 m\n",
        "\n",
        "  speed  of  transmission   129099.44 km/sec"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 9, page no. 880</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine for the line (a) the characteristic impedance,\n",
      "#(b) the propagation coefficient, (c) the attenuation coefficient and\n",
      "#(d) the phase-shift coefficient\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "R  =  25;#  in  ohm/loop  km\n",
      "L  =  0.005;#  in  H/loop  km\n",
      "C  =  0.04E-6;#  in  F/km\n",
      "G  =  80E-6;#  in  S/km\n",
      "f  =  1000;#  in  Hz\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance  Zo\n",
      "Zo  =  ((R  +  1j*w*L)/(G  +  1j*w*C))**0.5\n",
      " #the  propagation  coefficient\n",
      "r  =  ((R  +  1j*w*L)*(G  +  1j*w*C))**0.5\n",
      " #the  attenuation  coefficient  \n",
      "a  =  r.real\n",
      " #the  phaseshift  coefficient\n",
      "b  =  r.imag\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"characteristic impedance Zo  is\",round(abs(Zo),2),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(Zo.real,Zo.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  ohm\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  propagation  coefficient  is  \",round(abs(r),4),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(a,b))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  attenuation  coefficient  is  \",round(a,4),\"  Np/km\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  the  phase-shift  coefficient  \",round(b,4),\"  rad/km\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "characteristic impedance Zo  is 390.16 /_ -10.43 deg  ohm\n",
        "\n",
        "  propagation  coefficient  is   0.1029 /_ 61.92 deg\n",
        "\n",
        "  attenuation  coefficient  is   0.0484   Np/km\n",
        "\n",
        "  the  phase-shift  coefficient   0.0908   rad/km\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 10, page no. 881</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#determine (a) the characteristic impedance, \n",
      "#(b) the propagation coefficient, \n",
      "#(c) the attenuation and phase-shift coefficients, \n",
      "#(d) the sending-end current, \n",
      "#(e) the receiving-end current, \n",
      "#(f) the wavelength on the line, and \n",
      "#(g) the speed of transmission of signal.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "R  =  8;#  in  ohm/loop  km\n",
      "L  =  0.003;#  in  H/loop  km\n",
      "C  =  7500E-12;#  in  F/km\n",
      "G  =  0.25E-6;#  in  S/km\n",
      "f  =  1000;#  in  Hz\n",
      "n  =  300;#  in  km\n",
      "Zg  =  400  +  1j*0;#  in  ohm\n",
      "Vg  =  10;#  in  Volts\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance  Zo\n",
      "Zo  =  ((R  +  1j*w*L)/(G  +  1j*w*C))**0.5\n",
      " #the  propagation  coefficient\n",
      "r  =  ((R  +  1j*w*L)*(G  +  1j*w*C))**0.5\n",
      " #the  attenuation  coefficient  \n",
      "a  =  r.real\n",
      " #the  phaseshift  coefficient\n",
      "b  =  r.imag\n",
      " #the  sending-end  current,\n",
      "Is  =  Vg/(Zg  +  Zo)\n",
      " #the  receiving-end  current,\n",
      "IR  =  Is*cmath.e**(-1*n*r)\n",
      " #wavelength\n",
      "Y  =  2*math.pi/b\n",
      " #velocity  of  propagation  \n",
      "u  =  f*Y\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"characteristic impedance Zo is\",round(abs(Zo),1),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(Zo.real,Zo.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  ohm\"\n",
      "print  \"propagation  coefficient  is  \",round(abs(r),5),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(r.real,r.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg\"\n",
      "print  \"attenuation  coefficient  is  \",round(a,5),\"  Np/km  and  the  phaseshift  coefficient  \",round(b,5),\"  rad/km\"\n",
      "print  \"sending-end  current  Is  is  \",round(abs(Is)*1E3,3),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(Is.real,Is.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  mA\"\n",
      "print  \"receiving-end  current  IR is\",round(abs(IR)*1E3,3),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(IR.real,IR.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  mA\"\n",
      "print  \"wavelength  Y  is  \",round(Y,1),\"  km\"\n",
      "print  \"speed  of  transmission  \",round(u,1),\"km/sec\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "characteristic impedance Zo is 659.2 /_ -11.35 deg  ohm\n",
        "propagation  coefficient  is   0.03106 /_ 78.35 deg\n",
        "attenuation  coefficient  is   0.00627   Np/km  and  the  phaseshift  coefficient   0.03042   rad/km\n",
        "sending-end  current  Is  is   9.485 /_ 7.07 deg  mA\n",
        "receiving-end  current  IR is 1.445 /_ -155.88 deg  mA\n",
        "wavelength  Y  is   206.5   km\n",
        "speed  of  transmission   206521.1 km/sec\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 11, page no. 884</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine by how much the inductance should be increased to satisfy the condition for minimum distortion.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "R  =  10;#  in  ohm/loop  km\n",
      "L  =  0.0015;#  in  H/loop  km\n",
      "C  =  0.06E-6;#  in  F/km\n",
      "G  =  1.2E-6;#  in  S/km\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      " #the  condition  for  minimum  distortion  is  given  by  LG  =  CR,  from  which,\n",
      "Lm  =  C*R/G\n",
      "dL  =  Lm  -  L\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  inductance  should  be  increased  by  \",round(dL*1E3,1),\"mH/loop  km  for  minimum  distortion\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  inductance  should  be  increased  by   498.5 mH/loop  km  for  minimum  distortion"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 12, page no. 884</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine, for minimum distortion at a frequency of 1.5 kHz \n",
      "#(a) the value of inductance per loop kilometre required, \n",
      "#(b) the propagation coefficient, \n",
      "#(c) the velocity of propagation of signal, and \n",
      "#(d) the wavelength on the line\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "R  =  80;#  in  ohm/loop  km\n",
      "C  =  5E-9;#  in  F/km\n",
      "G  =  2E-6;#  in  S/km\n",
      "f  =  1500;#  in  Hz\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      "w  =  2*math.pi*f\n",
      " #the  condition  for  minimum  distortion  is  given  by  LG  =  CR,  from  which,  inductance\n",
      "L  =  C*R/G\n",
      " #attenuation  coefficient,\n",
      "a  =  (R*G)**0.5\n",
      " #phase  shift  coefficient,\n",
      "b  =  w*(L*C)**0.5\n",
      " #propagation  coefficient,\n",
      "r  =  a  +  1j*b\n",
      " #velocity  of  propagation,\n",
      "u  =  1/(L*C)**0.5\n",
      " #wavelength\n",
      "Y  =  u/f\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  inductance  is  \",round(L,2),\"  H\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  propagation  coefficient  is  \",round(a,2),\"  +(\",round(b,2),\")i\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  speed  of  transmission  \",round(u,2),\"km/sec\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  wavelength  Y  is  \",round(Y,2),\"  km\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  inductance  is   0.2   H\n",
        "\n",
        "  propagation  coefficient  is   0.01   +( 0.3 )i\n",
        "\n",
        "  speed  of  transmission   31622.78 km/sec\n",
        "\n",
        "  wavelength  Y  is   21.08   km\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 13, page no. 888</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#calculate the value of (a) the reflection coefficient for the line, (b) the incident current, \n",
      "#(c) the incident voltage, (d) the reflected current, and (e) the reflected voltage \n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "Zo  =  75;#  in  ohm\n",
      "ZR  =  250;#  in  ohm\n",
      "VR  =  10;#  in  Volts\n",
      "\n",
      "#calculation:\n",
      " #reflection  coefficient\n",
      "p  =  (Zo  -  ZR)/(Zo  +  ZR)\n",
      " #Current  flowing  in  the  terminating  load\n",
      "IR  =  VR/ZR\n",
      " #incident  current,  Ii\n",
      "Ii  =  IR/(1  +  p)\n",
      " #incident  voltage,  Vi    \n",
      "Vi  =  Ii*Zo\n",
      " #reflected  current,  Ir\n",
      "Ir  =  IR  -  Ii\n",
      " #reflected  voltage,  Vr\n",
      "Vr  =  -1*Ir*Zo\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  reflection  coefficient  is  \",round(p,3),\"\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  incident  current,  Ii  is  \",round(Ii,4),\"  A\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  incident  voltage,  Vi  is  \",round(Vi,2),\"  V\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  reflected  current,  Ir  is  \",round(Ir,4),\"  A\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  reflected  voltage,  Vr  is  \",round(Vr,2),\"  V\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  reflection  coefficient  is   -0.538 \n",
        "\n",
        "  incident  current,  Ii  is   0.0867   A\n",
        "\n",
        "  incident  voltage,  Vi  is   6.5   V\n",
        "\n",
        "  reflected  current,  Ir  is   -0.0467   A\n",
        "\n",
        "  reflected  voltage,  Vr  is   3.5   V"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 14, page no. 889</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine the magnitude of the reflection coefficient in each case.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "Zo  =  500  -  1j*40;#  in  ohm\n",
      "ZR1  =  500  +  1j*40;#  in  ohm\n",
      "ZR2  =  600  +  1j*0;#  in  ohm\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      " #reflection  coefficient\n",
      "p1  =  (Zo  -  ZR1)/(Zo  +  ZR1)\n",
      "p2  =  (Zo  -  ZR2)/(Zo  +  ZR2)\n",
      "p1mag  =  abs(p1)\n",
      "p2mag  =  abs(p2)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  reflection  coefficient  (a)\",p1mag,\"  and  (b)\", round(p2mag,2),\"\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  reflection  coefficient  (a) 0.08   and  (b) 0.1 "
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 15, page no. 890</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Determine (a) the magnitude of the ratio of the reflected to the incident voltage wave, and \n",
      "#(b) the incident voltage\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "rzo  =  500;#  in  ohm\n",
      "thetazo  =  0;#  in  degrees\n",
      "ZR  =  320  +  1j*240;#  in  ohm\n",
      "rvr  =  20;#  in  volts\n",
      "thetavr  =  35;#  in  degrees\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      " #voltage\n",
      "VR  =  rvr*math.cos(thetavr*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rvr*math.sin(thetavr*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance\n",
      "Zo  =  rzo*math.cos(thetazo*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rzo*math.sin(thetazo*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #the  ratio  of  the  reflected  to  the  incident  voltage  \n",
      " #vr  =  VR/Vi\n",
      "vr  =  (ZR  -  Zo)/(Zo  +  ZR)\n",
      "vrmag  =  abs(vr)\n",
      " #incident  voltage,  Vi\n",
      "Vi  =  VR/vr\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  the  magnitude  of  the  ratio  Vr  :  Vi  is  \",round(vrmag,3),\"\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  incident  voltage,  Vi  is  \",round(abs(Vi),1),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(Vi.real,Vi.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg  V\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  the  magnitude  of  the  ratio  Vr  :  Vi  is   0.351 \n",
        "\n",
        "  incident  voltage,  Vi  is   57.0 /_ -75.56 deg  V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16, page no. 895</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#determine (a) the reflection coefficient and (b) the standing-wave ratio.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "rzo  =  600;#  in  ohm\n",
      "thetazo  =  0;#  in  degrees\n",
      "ZR  =  400  +  250j;#  in  ohm\n",
      "\n",
      " #calculation:\n",
      " #characteristic  impedance\n",
      "Zo  =  rzo*math.cos(thetazo*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rzo*math.sin(thetazo*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #reflection  coefficient\n",
      "p  =  (Zo  -  ZR)/(Zo  +  ZR)\n",
      "pmag  =  abs(p)\n",
      " #standing-wave  ratio,\n",
      "s  =  (1  +  pmag)/(1  -  pmag)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  reflection  coefficient,  is  \",round(abs(p),4),\"/_\",round(cmath.phase(complex(p.real,p.imag))*180/math.pi,2),\"deg\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  standing-wave  ratio,  s  is  \",round(s,3),\"\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  reflection  coefficient,  is   0.3106 /_ -65.38 deg\n",
        "\n",
        "  standing-wave  ratio,  s  is   1.901 "
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 17, page no. 896</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Calculate (a) the standing-wave ratio, \n",
      "#(b) the load impedance, and\n",
      "#(c) the incident current flowing if the reflected current is 10 mA.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "rp  =  0.2;  \n",
      "thetap  =  -120;#  in  degrees\n",
      "Zo  =  80;#  in  ohm\n",
      "Ir  =  0.01;#  in  Amperes\n",
      "\n",
      "#calculation:\n",
      " #reflection  coefficient\n",
      "p  =  rp*math.cos(thetap*math.pi/180)  +  1j*rp*math.sin(thetap*math.pi/180)\n",
      " #standing-wave  ratio,\n",
      "s  =  (1  +  rp)/(1  -  rp)\n",
      " #load  impedance  ZR  \n",
      "ZR  =  Zo*(1  -  p)/(1  +  p)\n",
      " #incident  current\n",
      "Ii  =  Ir*(s  +  1)/(s  -  1)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  standing-wave  ratio,  s  is  \",s,\"\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  load  impedance  ZR  is  \",round(ZR.real,2),\"  +(\",round(ZR.imag,1),\")i  ohm\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  incident  current  is  \",Ii,\"  A\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  standing-wave  ratio,  s  is   1.5 \n",
        "\n",
        "  load  impedance  ZR  is   91.43   +( 33.0 )i  ohm\n",
        "\n",
        "  incident  current  is   0.05   A\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 18, page no. 897</h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#determine the value of the reflected power.\n",
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "import math\n",
      "import cmath\n",
      "#initializing  the  variables:\n",
      "s  =  1.6;\n",
      "Pi  =  0.2;#  in  Watts\n",
      "\n",
      "#calculation:\n",
      " #reflected  power,  Pr\n",
      "Pr  =  Pi*((s  -  1)/(s  +  1))**2\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Results\n",
      "print  \"\\n\\n  Result  \\n\\n\"\n",
      "print  \"\\n  reflected  power,  Pr  is  \",round(Pr*1E3,2),\" mW\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  Result  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "  reflected  power,  Pr  is   10.65  mW"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}