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{
"metadata": {
"name": "",
"signature": "sha256:86277517338e3080962ec366bf78a36ead36dc032944d5f67a8c58022c6af85a"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Chapter 13 : Ideal Gases"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Example 13.1 Page No. 404\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Variables\n",
"m_CO2 = 40. ;\t\t\t# Mass of CO2-[kg]\n",
"mol_wt_CO2 = 44. ;\t\t\t# Molecular mass of 1kmol CO2 -[kg]\n",
"mol_V = 22.42 ;\t\t\t# Molar of ideal gas at standard condition-[cubic metre/kg mol]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"V_CO2 = (m_CO2 * mol_V)/(mol_wt_CO2);\t\t\t# volume of CO2-[cubic metre]\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print 'Volume occupied by 40 kg CO2 at standard condition is %.1f cubic metre.'%V_CO2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Volume occupied by 40 kg CO2 at standard condition is 20.4 cubic metre.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Example 13.2 Page No. 405\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Variables\n",
"p =1. ;\t\t\t# Pressure -[atm]\n",
"V = 22415. ;\t\t\t# Molar valume -[cubic centimetre/g mol]\n",
"T = 273.15 ;\t\t\t# Temperature-[K]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"R = (p*V/T);\t\t\t# Universal gas constant-[(cubic centimetre.atm)/(K.g mol)]\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print 'Universal gas constant is %.2f (cubic centimetre*atm)/(K*g mol). '%R\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Universal gas constant is 82.06 (cubic centimetre*atm)/(K*g mol). \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 10
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Example 13.3 Page No.406\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Variables\n",
"m_CO2 = 88. ;\t\t\t# Mass of CO2-[lb]\n",
"mol_wt_CO2 = 44. ;\t\t# Molecular mass of 1 lb mol CO2 -[lb]\n",
"mol_V = 359. ; \t\t\t# Molar volume-[cubic feet]\n",
"\n",
"# State 1-standard condition\n",
"P1 = 33.91 ; \t\t\t# Pressure -[ft of water]\n",
"T1 = 273. ;\t\t\t# Temperature-[K]\n",
"\n",
"# State 2\n",
"P2 = 32.2 ;\t\t\t# Pressure -[ft of water]\n",
"Tc = 15. ;\t\t\t # Temperature-[degree C]\n",
"T2 = Tc+273 ;\t\t\t# Temperature-[K]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"V1 = (m_CO2 * mol_V) / (mol_wt_CO2);\n",
"V2 = (V1 * T2 * P1) / (T1 * P2);\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print 'The volume occupied 88 lb of CO2 at given condition is %.0f cubic feet.'%V2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The volume occupied 88 lb of CO2 at given condition is 798 cubic feet.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Example 13.4 Page No. 408\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Variables\n",
"mol_wt_N2 = 28. ;\t# Molecular mass of 1 kg mol N2 -[kg]\n",
"mol_V = 22.42 ;\t\t# Molar of ideal gas at standard condition-[cubic metre/kg mol]\n",
"Tc = 27. ;\t\t\t# Temperature-[degree C]\n",
"T = Tc + 273. ;\t\t#Temperature-[K]\n",
"P = 100. ;\t\t\t#Pressure-[kPa]\n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"Ps = 101.3 ;\t\t# Pressure -[kPa]\n",
"Ts = 273. ;\t\t\t#Temperature-[K]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"V = (T * Ps * mol_V)/(Ts * P) ;\t\t\t# Volume occupied by N2-[cubic metre]\n",
"D_N2 = mol_wt_N2/V ;\t\t\t # Density of N2 at given condition-[kg/cubic metre]\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print ' Density of N2 at given condition is %.3f kg/cubic metre.'%D_N2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
" Density of N2 at given condition is 1.122 kg/cubic metre.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 12
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 13.5 Page No. 409 \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Variables\n",
"mol_wt_N2 = 28. ;\t\t\t# Molecular mass of 1 lb mol N2 -[lb]\n",
"mol_wt_air = 29. ;\t\t\t# Molecular mass of 1 lb mol air -[lb]\n",
"mol_V = 359. ;\t\t\t # Molar volume of ideal gas-[cubic feet]\n",
"\t\n",
"Tf = 80. ;\t\t\t# Temperature-[degree F]\n",
"T = Tf + 460. ;\t\t#Temperature-[degree Rankine]\n",
"P = 745. ;\t\t\t#Pressure-[mm of Hg]\n",
"\n",
"Ps = 760. ;\t\t\t# Pressure -[mm of Hg]\n",
"Ts = 492. ;\t\t\t#Temperature-[degree Rankine]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"D_air = (Ts * P * mol_wt_air)/(T * Ps * mol_V) ;\t\t# Density of air at given condition-[lb/cubic feet]\n",
"D_N2 = (Ts * P * mol_wt_N2)/(T * Ps * mol_V) ;\t\t\t# Density of N2 at given condition-[lb/cubic feet]\n",
"sg_N2 = D_N2/D_air ;\t\t\t # Specific gravity of N2 compared to air at given condition \n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print ' Specific gravity of N2 compared to air at given condition is %.3f .'%sg_N2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
" Specific gravity of N2 compared to air at given condition is 0.966 .\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 13
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Example 13.6 Page No. 414\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Variables\n",
"F_gas = 1. ;\t\t\t # Flue gas [kg mol]\n",
"mf_CO2 = 14./100 ;\t\t\t# [mol fraction]\n",
"mf_O2 = 6./100 ;\t\t\t# [mol fraction]\n",
"mf_N2 = 80./100 ;\t\t\t# [mol fraction]\n",
"P = 765. ;\t\t\t #Pressure-[mm of Hg]\n",
"T = 400. ;\t\t\t # Temperature-[degree F]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"p_CO2 = P * mf_CO2 ;\t\t# Partial pressure of CO2-[mm of Hg]\n",
"p_O2 = P * mf_O2 ;\t\t\t# Partial pressure of O2-[mm of Hg]\n",
"p_N2 = P * mf_N2 ;\t\t\t# Partial pressure of N2-[mm of Hg]\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print ' Component pi(Partial pressure-[mm of Hg]) '\n",
"print ' CO2 %.1f mm of Hg '%p_CO2\n",
"print ' O2 %.1f mm of Hg '%p_O2\n",
"print ' N2 %.1f mm of Hg '%p_N2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
" Component pi(Partial pressure-[mm of Hg]) \n",
" CO2 107.1 mm of Hg \n",
" O2 45.9 mm of Hg \n",
" N2 612.0 mm of Hg \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 14
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Example 13.7 Page no. 416\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"\n",
"# Variables\n",
"G = 100. ;\t\t\t# Basis: Pyrolysis Gas-[lb mol] \n",
"ub_CO = 10./100 ;\t# fraction of CO left unburnt\n",
"ex_air = 40./100 ;\t# fraction of excess air\n",
"m_vol = 359. ;\t\t# molar volume of gas at std. cond.-[cubic feet]\n",
"Ts = 492. ;\t\t\t# Standard temperature -[degree Rankine]\n",
"Ps = 29.92 ;\t\t#Standard pressure -[in. Hg]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"# Analysis of entering gas of entering gas\n",
"Tf1 = 90. ;\t\t\t# Temperature of gas-[degree F]\n",
"T_gas = Tf1 + 460. ;\t#Temperature of gas-[degree Rankine]\n",
"P_gas = 35. ;\t\t\t#Pressure-[in. Hg]\n",
"CO2 = 6.4/100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of CO2\n",
"O2 = 0.1/100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of O2\n",
"CO = 39./100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of CO\n",
"H2 = 51.8/100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of H2\n",
"CH4 = 0.6/100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of CH4\n",
"N2 = 2.1/100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of N2\n",
"\n",
"# Analysis of entering air\n",
"Tf2 = 70. ;\t\t\t # Temperature of air -[degree F]\n",
"T_air = Tf2 + 460. ;\t#Temperature of air-[degree Rankine]\n",
"P_air = 29.4 ;\t\t\t#Pressure of air [in. Hg]\n",
"f_N2 = 79./100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of N2\n",
"f_O2 = 21./100 ;\t\t\t# mol fraction of O2\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"O2r_O2 = O2 * G ;\t\t\t# O2 required by O2-[lb mol]\n",
"O2r_CO = CO * G/2 ;\t\t\t# O2 required by CO-[lb mol]\n",
"O2r_H2 = H2 * G/2 ;\t\t\t# O2 required by H2-[lb mol]\n",
"O2r_CH4 = G * CH4 * 2 ;\t\t\t# O2 required by CH4-[lb mol]\n",
"O2r_total = O2r_O2 + O2r_CO + O2r_H2 + O2r_CH4 ;\t\t\t# Total O2 required-[lb mol]\n",
"ex_O2 = ex_air * O2r_total ;\t\t\t# Excess O2-[lb mol]\n",
"total_O2 = ex_O2 + O2r_total ;\t\t\t# Total amt of O2 in air-[lb mol]\n",
"total_N2 = total_O2 * (f_N2/f_O2);\t\t\t# Total amt of in air-[lb mol]\n",
"air = total_O2 + total_N2 ;\t\t\t# Total air entering -[lb mol]\n",
"\n",
"# Product analysis\n",
"P_CO = ub_CO * CO * G ;\t\t\t#Unburnt CO in P-[lb mol]\n",
"P_N2 = N2 * G + total_N2 ;\t\t\t# N2 in P-[lb mol]\n",
"P_CO2 = (CO2 + CO + CH4) * G - 1 * P_CO;\t\t\t#CO2 in P-[lb mol]\n",
"P_H2O = (H2 + 2 * CH4) * G ;\t\t\t# H2 in P-[lb mol]\n",
"P_O2 = (CO2 + O2 + 0.5 * CO) * G + total_O2 -P_CO2-0.5 * (P_H2O + P_CO);\t\t\t# O2 in P-[lb mol]\n",
"P = P_CO + P_N2 + P_CO2 + P_H2O + P_O2 ;\t\t\t# Product-[lb mol]\n",
"Tf3 = 400 ;\t\t\t# Temperature of product-[degree F]\n",
"T_prod = Tf3 + 460 ;\t\t\t#Temperature of product-[degree Rankine]\n",
"P_prod = 35 ;\t\t\t# Pressure of product -[in.Hg]\n",
"V_gas = (G * m_vol * T_gas * Ps)/(Ts * P_gas);\n",
"V_air = (air * m_vol * T_air * Ps)/(Ts * P_air);\n",
"V_prod = (P * m_vol * T_prod * Ps)/(Ts * P_prod);\n",
"air_ft3 = V_air/V_gas ;\t\t\t#Air supplied per ft**3 of gas entered-[cubic feet]\n",
"P_ft3 = V_prod/V_gas ;\t\t\t#Product gas produced per ft**3 of gas entered-[cubic feet]\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print ' Air supplied per ft**3 of gas entered %.2f cubic feet. '%air_ft3\n",
"print ' Product gas produced per ft**3 of gas entered %.2f cubic feet.'%P_ft3\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
" Air supplied per ft**3 of gas entered 3.57 cubic feet. \n",
" Product gas produced per ft**3 of gas entered 5.75 cubic feet.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 15
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Example 13.8 Page No. 419\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Variables\n",
"T1c = 15. ;\t\t\t # Temperature of F & P -[degree C] \n",
"T1 = 273. + T1c ;S\t# Temperature of F & P -[K] \n",
"P1 = 105. ;\t\t\t# Pressure of F & P -[kPa]\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"# F analysis\n",
"F_CO2 = 1.2/100 ;\t\t\t# Volume fraction \n",
"F_odr = 98.8/100 ;\t\t\t# Volume fraction \n",
"\n",
"# P analysis\n",
"P_CO2 = 3.4/100 ;\t\t\t# Volume fraction \n",
"P_odr = 96.6/100 ;\t\t\t# Volume fraction \n",
" \n",
"Tc_CO2 = 7. ;\t\t\t#Temperature CO2 -[degree C] \n",
"T_CO2 = 273. + Tc_CO2 ;\t\t\t# Temperature CO2 -[K]\n",
"P_CO2 = 131. ;\t\t\t# Pressure of CO2 -[kPa]\n",
"CO2 = 0.0917 ;\t\t\t# Volume flow rate of CO2-[cubic metre/min]\n",
"# Convert given volume flow rate of CO2 at temperature of F & P\n",
"nw_CO2 = (CO2 * T1 * P_CO2)/(T_CO2 * P1) ;\t\t\t# volume flow rate of CO2 at temperature of F & P-[cubic metre]\n",
"\n",
"from numpy import matrix\n",
"a = matrix([[F_odr,-P_odr],[1, -1]]);\t\t\t# Matrix formed by coefficients of unknown\n",
"b = matrix([[0],[-nw_CO2]]) ;\t\t\t# Matrix formed by constants\n",
"a = a.I\n",
"x = a*b ;\t\t\t# matrix of solution, x(1) = F;x(2) = P\n",
"F = x[0] ;\t\t\t#Volume flow rate of entering gas-[cubic metre/min]\n",
"P = x[1] ;\t\t\t#Volume flow rate of product [cubic metre/min]\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print 'Volume flow rate of entering gas is %.2f cubic metre/min'%F\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Volume flow rate of entering gas is 5.17 cubic metre/min\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 16
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": true,
"input": [],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": []
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}
|
