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diff --git a/backup/Optical_Fiber_Communication_version_backup/Chapter7.ipynb b/backup/Optical_Fiber_Communication_version_backup/Chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b4eca185 --- /dev/null +++ b/backup/Optical_Fiber_Communication_version_backup/Chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,933 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:915bbc296599c9cae8476366ab28673955be075640a27c082930b79dfed61501"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 7: Optical Detectors"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1: PgNo-284"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Initialisation of variables\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n=1 # refractive index due to air\n",
+ "r=math.pow(((n1-n)/(n1+n)),2)\n",
+ "r1=0.03 # r take upto two decimal place\n",
+ "l_s=-10*math.log(1-r1)/math.log(10) # fiber loss in db\n",
+ "l_t=2*l_s # total loss in db\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The fiber loss = \",l_s,\"db\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n there is a similar loss at the other interface \")\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The total fiber loss = \",l_t,\"db\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The fiber loss = 0.13 db\n",
+ "\n",
+ " there is a similar loss at the other interface \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The total fiber loss = 0.26 db\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2: PgNo-285"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n=1 # refractive index due to air\n",
+ "a=25*math.pow(10,-6) # core radius in m\n",
+ "y=3*math.pow(10,-6) # in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "A=(y/a)*math.pow((1-math.pow((y/(2*a)),2)),0.5)\n",
+ "B=math.acos(y/(2*a))\n",
+ "C=n1/n\n",
+ "M=(16*math.pow(C,2))/(math.pi*math.pow((1+C),4))\n",
+ "n_lat=M*(2*B-A) # coupling efficiency for multimode step index fiber\n",
+ "L_lat=-10*math.log(n_lat)/math.log(10) # insertion loss for lateral misalignment\n",
+ "n_lat1=(1/math.pi)*(2*B-A) # coupling efficiency when there is no air gap\n",
+ "L_lat1=-10*math.log(n_lat1)/math.log(10) # insertion loss for lateral misalignment when there is no air gap\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f ' %(\" The coupling efficiency for multimode step index fiber = \", n_lat))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The insertion loss for lateral misalignment = \",L_lat,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f ' %(\"\\n The coupling efficiency when there is no air gap = \", n_lat1))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The insertion loss for lateral misalignment when there is no air gap = \",L_lat1,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The coupling efficiency for multimode step index fiber = 0.86 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss for lateral misalignment = 0.65 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The coupling efficiency when there is no air gap = 0.92 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss for lateral misalignment when there is no air gap = 0.34 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3: PgNo-287"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.50 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n=1 # refractive index due to air\n",
+ "a=25*math.pow(10,-6) # core radius in m\n",
+ "y=4*math.pow(10,-6) # in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "A=(y/a)*math.pow((1-math.pow((y/(2*a)),2)),0.5)\n",
+ "B=math.acos(y/(2*a))\n",
+ "C=n1/n\n",
+ "M=(16*math.pow(C,2))/(math.pi*math.pow((1+C),4))\n",
+ "n_lat=M*(2*B-A) # coupling efficiency for multimode step index fiber\n",
+ "L_lat=-10*math.log(n_lat)/math.log(10) # insertion loss for lateral misalignment\n",
+ "dx=4*(math.pi/180) # angular misalignment in radian\n",
+ "dl=0.02 #relative index difference\n",
+ "NA=n1*math.sqrt(2*dl) # numerical aperture\n",
+ "n_ang=1-(0.069/(math.pi*NA)) # coupling efficiency due to angular misalignment\n",
+ "L_ang=-10*math.log(n_ang)/math.log(10) # loss due to angular misalignment\n",
+ "Lt=L_lat+L_ang # total insertion loss in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %( \" The total insertion loss = \",Lt,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n the answer is wrong in the textbook \")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The total insertion loss = 1.15 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " the answer is wrong in the textbook \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4: PgNo-292"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n=1 #refractive index due to air\n",
+ "a=1 # core radius in m\n",
+ "y=0.12 #lateral offset \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "A=(y/a)*math.pow((1-math.pow((y/(2*a)),2)),0.5)\n",
+ "B=math.acos(y/(2*a))\n",
+ "C=n1/n\n",
+ "M=(16*math.pow(C,2))/(math.pi*math.pow((1+C),4))\n",
+ "n_lat=M*(2*B-A) #coupling efficiency when there is a smsll air gap\n",
+ "L_lat=-10*math.log(n_lat)/math.log(10) # insertion loss when there is a smsll air gap\n",
+ "n_lat1=(1/math.pi)*(2*B-A) # coupling efficiency when the joint is indexed matched\n",
+ "L_lat1=-10*math.log(n_lat1)/math.log(10) # insertion loss when the joint is indexed matched\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The insertion loss when there is a smsll air gap = \",L_lat,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %( \"\\n The insertion loss when the joint is indexed matched = \",L_lat1,\"dB\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The insertion loss when there is a smsll air gap = 0.65 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss when the joint is indexed matched = 0.34 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5: PgNo-296"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "d1=60*math.pow(10,-6)# core diameter of fiber 1 in m\n",
+ "d2=50*math.pow(10,-6) # core diameter of fiber 1 in m\n",
+ "NA1=0.25 # numerical aerture of fiber 1\n",
+ "NA2=0.22 # numerical aerture of fiber 2\n",
+ "a1=2.0 # for fiber 1\n",
+ "a2=1.9 # for fiber 2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "n_cd=math.pow((d2/d1),2)\n",
+ "n_NA=math.pow((NA2/NA1),2);\n",
+ "n_a=(1+(2/a1))/(1+(2/a2))\n",
+ "n_t=n_cd*n_NA*n_a # total coupling efficiency\n",
+ "Lt=-10*math.log(n_t)/math.log(10) #total loss at the joint in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f ' %(\" The total coupling efficiency in the frw direction = \", n_t))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The total loss at the joint in the frw direction = \",Lt,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n In the backward direction n_cd & n_a are all unity therefore there will be no loss in the backward direction of transmission of the signal \")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The total coupling efficiency in the frw direction = 0.524 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The total loss at the joint in the frw direction = 2.81 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " In the backward direction n_cd & n_a are all unity therefore there will be no loss in the backward direction of transmission of the signal \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6: PgNo-298"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "d1=80*math.pow(10,-6) #core diameter of fiber 1 in m\n",
+ "d2=60*math.pow(10,-6) #core diameter of fiber 1 in m\n",
+ "NA1=0.25 # numerical aerture of fiber 1\n",
+ "NA2=0.20 # numerical aerture of fiber 2\n",
+ "a1=1.9 # for fiber 1\n",
+ "a2=2.1 # for fiber 2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "n_cd=math.pow((d2/d1),2)\n",
+ "n_NA=math.pow((NA2/NA1),2)\n",
+ "n_a=(1+(2/a1))/(1+(2/a2))\n",
+ "n_t=n_cd*n_NA*n_a # total coupling efficiency in the frw direction\n",
+ "Lt=-10*math.log(n_t)/math.log(10) # total loss at the joint in the frw direction in dB\n",
+ "n_cd1=1\n",
+ "n_NA1=1\n",
+ "n_a1=(1+(2/a2))/(1+(2/a1))\n",
+ "n_t1=n_cd1*n_NA1*n_a1 # total coupling efficiency in the backward direction\n",
+ "Lt1=-10*math.log(n_t1)/math.log(10)# total loss at the joint in the backward direction in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The total loss at the joint in the frw direction = \",Lt,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The total loss at the joint in the backward direction = \",Lt1,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The total loss at the joint in the frw direction = 4.22 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The total loss at the joint in the backward direction = 0.22 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7: PgNo-303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.5 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n=1.47 # refractive index due to air\n",
+ "a=1 # core radius in m\n",
+ "y=0.12 # lateral offset\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "A=(y/a)*math.pow((1-math.pow((y/(2*a)),2)),0.5)\n",
+ "B=math.acos(y/(2*a))\n",
+ "C=n1/n\n",
+ "M=(16*math.pow(C,2))/(math.pi*math.pow((1+C),4))\n",
+ "n_lat=M*(2*B-A) #coupling efficiency of the splice\n",
+ "L_lat=-10*math.log(n_lat)/math.log(10) #insertion loss of the splice\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %( \" The insertion loss of the splice = \",L_lat,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The insertion loss of the splice = 0.35 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8: PgNo-305"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "L_f=0.036\n",
+ "n_f=math.pow(10,(-0.036))\n",
+ "# here we get a quadratic equation in n1 and on solving we get\n",
+ "n1=(2.17+math.sqrt(math.pow((-2.17),2)-4*1*1))/2 # refractive index of the fiber core\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f' %(\" The refractive index of the fiber core = \", n1))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The refractive index of the fiber core = 1.506\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9: PgNo-309"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.46 #core refractive index\n",
+ "n=4 # refractive index due to air\n",
+ "x=math.pi/180\n",
+ "A=(16*math.pow(n1,2))/(math.pow((1+n1),4))\n",
+ "B=n*x\n",
+ "n_ang=math.pow(10,(-0.06)) # angular coupling efficiency\n",
+ "NA=B/((math.pi)*(1-(n_ang/A))) # numerical aperture\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f' %(\" The numerical aperture = \", NA))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The numerical aperture = 0.34\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10: PgNo-311"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "y=5*math.pow(10,-6) # lateral misalignment in m\n",
+ "a=25*math.pow(10,-6) # core diameter in m\n",
+ "Lt=0.85*(y/a) # misalignment loss\n",
+ "n_c=1-Lt # coupling efficiency\n",
+ "L_i=-10*math.log(n_c)/math.log(10) # insertion loss in dB\n",
+ "Lt1=0.75*(y/a) # misalignment loss if we have both guided and leaky modes\n",
+ "n_c1=1-Lt1 # coupling efficiency\n",
+ "L_i1=-10*math.log(n_c1)/math.log(10) # insertion loss in dB if we have both guided and leaky modes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The insertion loss = \",L_i,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The insertion loss,if we have both guided and leaky modes = \",L_i1,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The insertion loss = 0.81 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss,if we have both guided and leaky modes = 0.71 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11: PgNo-314"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.5 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n=1 # refractive index due to air\n",
+ "x=5*math.pi/180\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "C=n1/n\n",
+ "A=(16*math.pow(C,2))/(math.pow((1+C),4))\n",
+ "B=n*x\n",
+ "NA=0.22 # numerical aperture\n",
+ "n_ang=A*(1-(B/(math.pi*NA))) # angular coupling efficiency\n",
+ "L_ang=-10*math.log(n_ang)/math.log(10) # inserion loss when NA=0.22\n",
+ "NA1=0.32 # numerical aperture\n",
+ "n_ang1=A*(1-(B/(math.pi*NA1))) # angular coupling efficiency\n",
+ "L_ang1=-10*math.log(n_ang1)/math.log(10) # inserion loss when NA=0.32\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The inserion loss when NA=0.22 = \",L_ang,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The inserion loss when NA=0.32 = \",L_ang1,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The inserion loss when NA=0.22 = 0.94 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The inserion loss when NA=0.32 = 0.75 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 12: PgNo-315"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=2.50 # normalised frequency\n",
+ "n1=1.5 # core refractive index\n",
+ "a=4.5*math.pow(10,-6) # core radius in m\n",
+ "NA=0.2 # numerical aperture\n",
+ "y=3*math.pow(10,-6) # lateral misalignment in m\n",
+ "w=a*((0.65+1.62*math.pow((V),-1.5)+2.88*math.pow((V),-6))/math.pow(2,0.5)) # normalised spot size in m\n",
+ "T1=2.17*math.pow((y/w),2) # Loss due to lateral offset in dB\n",
+ "x=(math.pi/180)*w\n",
+ "Ta=2.17*math.pow(((x*n1*V)/(a*NA)),2) # loss due to angular misalignment in dB\n",
+ "T=T1+Ta # total insertion loss in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\" The total insertion loss = \",T,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n The answer is wrong in the textbook \")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The total insertion loss = 1.813 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The answer is wrong in the textbook \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13: PgNo-317"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable declaration\n",
+ "P1=65 # optical power in uW\n",
+ "P2=0.005 #output power at port 2 in uW\n",
+ "P3=24 # output power at port 3 in uW\n",
+ "P4=26.5 #output power at port 4 in uW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "Le=10*math.log(P1/(P3+P4))/math.log(10) # Excess loss in dB\n",
+ "Le1=10*math.log(P1/P3)/math.log(10) # insertion loss port 1 to 3 in dB\n",
+ "Le2=10*math.log(P1/P4)/math.log(10) # insertion loss port 1 to 4 in dB\n",
+ "ct=10*math.log(P2/P1)/math.log(10) # cross talk in dB\n",
+ "sr=(P3/(P3+P4))*100 # split ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The Excess loss = \",Le,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The insertion loss port 1 to 3 = \",Le1,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The insertion loss port 1 to 4 = \",Le2,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The cross talk = \",ct,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The split ratio = \",sr,\"%\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The Excess loss = 1.10 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss port 1 to 3 = 3.01 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss port 1 to 4 = 3.90 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The cross talk = -41.14 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The split ratio = 47.52 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 14: PgNo-318"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "n=1.0\n",
+ "n1=1.48\n",
+ "r=math.pow(((n1-n)/(n1+n)),2) # fresnel's reflection\n",
+ "Ls=-10*math.log(1-r)/math.log(10) #optical loss in dB\n",
+ "Lt=2*Ls # total fresnel loss\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The total fresnel loss = \",Lt,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The total fresnel loss = 0.33 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15: PgNo-322"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "NA1=0.32 # numerical aperture for fiber1\n",
+ "NA2=0.22 # numerical aperture for fiber2\n",
+ "Lc=20*math.log(NA1/NA2)/math.log(10) #NA mismatch coupling loss\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The NA mismatch coupling loss = \",Lc,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The NA mismatch coupling loss = 3.25 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 16: PgNo-325"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "P0=250.0 # optical power in uW\n",
+ "P1=80.0 # output power at port 1 in uW\n",
+ "P2=70.0 # output power at port 2 in uW\n",
+ "P3=5*math.pow(10,-3) # output power at port 3 in uW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "cr=(P2/(P1+P2))*100 # coupling ratio\n",
+ "Le=10*math.log(P0/(P1+P2))/math.log(10) # Excess loss in dB\n",
+ "Le1=10*math.log(P0/P1)/math.log(10) # insertion loss port 0 to 1 in dB\n",
+ "Le2=10*math.log(P0/P2)/math.log(10) # insertion loss port 0 to 2 in dB\n",
+ "ct=10*math.log(P3/P0)/math.log(10) #cross talk in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The coupling ratio = \",cr,\"%\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The Excess loss = \",Le,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The insertion loss port 0 to 1 = \",Le1,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The insertion loss port 0 to 2 = \",Le2,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The cross talk = \",ct,\"dB\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The coupling ratio = 46.67 %\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The Excess loss = 2.22 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss port 0 to 1 = 4.95 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The insertion loss port 0 to 2 = 5.53 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The cross talk = -46.99 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17: PgNo-327"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "P_21=4.0/5.0 # ratio of the input available at port2\n",
+ "P_31=1.0/5.0 # ratio of the input available at port3 \n",
+ "Lt=-10*math.log(P_21)/math.log(10) # throughput loss\n",
+ "Lp=-10*math.log(P_31)/math.log(10) # tap loss\n",
+ "Le=-10*math.log(P_21+P_31)/math.log(10) # excess loss\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The throughput loss = \",Lt,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The tap loss = \",Lp,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n Directionality=-10*log(0/Pi=infinity)\")\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n The excess loss = \",Le,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The throughput loss = 0.97 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The tap loss = 6.99 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Directionality=-10*log(0/Pi=infinity)\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The excess loss = -0.0 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18: PgNo-329"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "Le=4 # excess loss in dB\n",
+ "D=60 # Directionality in dB\n",
+ "P_41=math.pow(10,-6) # the ratio of P4 to P1\n",
+ "P_31=0.670/5 # the ratio of P3 to P1\n",
+ "P_21=P_31*4 # the ratio of P2 to P1\n",
+ "Lt=-10*math.log(P_21)/math.log(10) # throughput loss\n",
+ "Lp=-10*math.log(P_31)/math.log(10) # tap loss\n",
+ "Ls=-10*math.log(0.670)/math.log(10) # loss due to radiation scattering in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The fraction of the input power goes to each of the ports = \",P_21,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The throughput loss = \",Lt,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The tap loss = \",Lp,\"dB\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The loss due to radiation scattering = \",Ls,\"dB\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The fraction of the input power goes to each of the ports = 0.54 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The throughput loss = 2.71 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The tap loss = 8.73 dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The loss due to radiation scattering = 1.74 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19: PgNo-330"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "L1=1.5 # length in km\n",
+ "L2=2/1000 # length in km\n",
+ "Pi=50.1*math.pow(10,-6) # optical power in W\n",
+ "Po=385.4*math.pow(10,-6) # output power in W\n",
+ "a=(10/(L1-L2))*math.log(Po/Pi)/math.log(10) # attenuation per km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The attenuation per km = \",a,\"dB/km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The attenuation per km = 5.91 dB/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 20: PgNo-334"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "Psc=5.31*math.pow(10,-9)\n",
+ "Popt=98.45*math.pow(10,-6) \n",
+ "L=5.99 # length in km\n",
+ "asc=(4.343*math.pow(10,5)/L)*(Psc/Popt) # scattering loss in the fiber in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The scattering loss in the fiber = \",asc,\"dB/km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The scattering loss in the fiber = 3.91 dB/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |