diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter7.ipynb')
| -rwxr-xr-x | backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter7.ipynb | 716 |
1 files changed, 716 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter7.ipynb b/backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..59a13011 --- /dev/null +++ b/backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,716 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:7b09bc4939eefcfd52ab3af51ad805d4dcc13501d36382e73f4451d0d172843b" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter7 - Source to fiber power launching and photodetectors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2.1, page 7-11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import pi, sqrt, log10\n", + "n1=3.4 #refractive index of optical source\n", + "n=1.46 #refractive index of silica fiber\n", + "r=((n1-n)/(n1+n))**2 #computing Frensel reflection\n", + "L=-10*log10(1-r) #computing loss\n", + "print \"Frensel reflection is %.3f.\\nPower loss is %.2f dB.\" %(r,L) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frensel reflection is 0.159.\n", + "Power loss is 0.75 dB.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2.2, page 7-11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "r=35*10**-6 #radius\n", + "R=150 #Lambertian emission pattern\n", + "NA=0.2 #Numerical aperture\n", + "Pled = pi**2*r**2*R*NA**2 \n", + "Pled=Pled*10**7 \n", + "print \"Optical power for larger core of 35 micrometer is %.3f mW.\" %(Pled) \n", + "r1=25*10**-6 \n", + "Pled1=(r1/r)**2*Pled \n", + "print \"Optical power for smaller core of 25 micrometer is %.2f mW.\" %(Pled1) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Optical power for larger core of 35 micrometer is 0.725 mW.\n", + "Optical power for smaller core of 25 micrometer is 0.37 mW.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2.3, page 7-12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "r=25*10**-6 #radius\n", + "R=39 #Lambertian emission pattern\n", + "NA=0.25 #numerical aperture\n", + "a=35*10**-6 #area\n", + "Pc1= pi**2*a**2*R*NA**2 #computing coupled power when r<a\n", + "Pc1=Pc1*10**7 \n", + "Pc= pi**2*r**2*R*NA**2 #computing coupled power when r>a\n", + "Pc=Pc*10**7 \n", + "print \"Optical power when r>a is %.2f mW.\\nOptical power when r<a is %.3f mW.\" %(Pc,Pc1) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Optical power when r>a is 0.15 mW.\n", + "Optical power when r<a is 0.295 mW.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.1, page 7-23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "q=1.43 #Bandgap energy\n", + "lamda=h*c/(q*e)*10**9 #computing wavelength\n", + "print \"Wavelength is %d nm\" %(lamda) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Wavelength is 868 nm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.2, page 7-23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "R=0.6 #responsivity\n", + "Pin=15 #optical power in microwatt\n", + "Ip=R*Pin #computing photocurrent\n", + "print \"Photocurrent generated is %d microAmpere.\" %Ip " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Photocurrent generated is 9 microAmpere.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.3, page 7-23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "lamda1=1300*10**-9 \n", + "lamda2=1600*10**-9 \n", + "h=6.625*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "eta=90/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "E=0.73 #energy gap in eV\n", + "R1=eta*q*lamda1/(h*c) \n", + "R2=eta*q*lamda2/(h*c) \n", + "lamdac=1.24/E \n", + "print \"Responsivity at 1300nm is %.2f A/W.\\nResponsivity at 1600nm is %.2f A/W.\\nCut-off wavelength is %.1f micrometer.\" %(R1,R2,lamdac) \n", + "#R1 is calculated wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Responsivity at 1300nm is 0.94 A/W.\n", + "Responsivity at 1600nm is 1.16 A/W.\n", + "Cut-off wavelength is 1.7 micrometer.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.4, page 7-24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "lamda=0.8*10**-6 \n", + "h=6.625*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "ne=1.8*10**11 #electrons collected\n", + "np=4*10**11 #photons incident\n", + "eta=ne/np #computing quantum efficiency\n", + "R=eta*q*lamda/(h*c) #computing responsivity\n", + "print \"Responsivity of photodiode at 0.8 micrometer is %.3f A/W.\" %R \n", + "#answer in the book is wrong. " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Responsivity of photodiode at 0.8 micrometer is 0.290 A/W.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.5, page 7-24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "E=1.8*10**-19 # Energy of photon\n", + "nq=70/100 # Quantum\n", + "Ip=3 # current in uA\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "lamda=h*c/E*10**6 # wavelength in micro meter\n", + "print \"Photodiode operates at %0.2f micro meter\" %lamda\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "R=nq*q/E #computing responsivity\n", + "Popt=Ip/R\n", + "print \"Incident optical power required = %.3f uW.\" %Popt " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Photodiode operates at 1.10 micro meter\n", + "Incident optical power required = 4.821 uW.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.6, page 7-25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "E=1.35 #energy gap in eV\n", + "lamda=h*c/(q*E) #computing wavelength\n", + "lamda=lamda*10**6 \n", + "print \"The InP photodetector will stop operation above %.2f micrometer.\" %(lamda) \n", + "#calculation error in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The InP photodetector will stop operation above 0.92 micrometer.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.7, page 7-26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "eta=65/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "I=2.5*10**-6 #photocurrent \n", + "E=1.5*10**-19 #energy of photns\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "lamda=h*c/E #computing wavelength\n", + "R=eta*q*lamda/(h*c) #computing responsivity\n", + "Popt=I/R #computing optical power\n", + "lamda=lamda*10**6 \n", + "Popt=Popt*10**6 \n", + "print \"Wavelength is %.3f micrometer.\\nResponsivity is %.3f A/W.\\nIncident optical power required is %.1f microWatt.\" %(lamda,R,Popt) \n", + "#answer of R(responsivity) in the book is calculated as 0.694 A/W, deviation of 0.001." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Wavelength is 1.325 micrometer.\n", + "Responsivity is 0.693 A/W.\n", + "Incident optical power required is 3.6 microWatt.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5.8, page 7-26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "ne=3.9*10**6 #electrons collected\n", + "np=6*10**6 #photons incident\n", + "eta=100*ne/np #computing efficiency\n", + "print \"Quantum efficiency is %d percent.\" %(eta) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Quantum efficiency is 65 percent.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.8.1, page 7-37" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "w=25*10**-6 #width\n", + "v=1*10**5 #velocity\n", + "r=40*10**-6 #radius\n", + "eps=12.5*10**-13 \n", + "t=w/v #computing drift time\n", + "c=eps*3.14*(r)**2/w #computing junction capacitance\n", + "c=c*10**16 \n", + "print \"Drift time %.1e sec.\\nJunction capacitance %.1f pf.\" %(t,c) \n", + "#calculation error in drift time answer." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Drift time 2.5e-10 sec.\n", + "Junction capacitance 2.5 pf.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.8.2, page 7-38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "w=20*10**-6 #width\n", + "v=4*10**4 #velocity\n", + "t=w/v #computing drift time\n", + "BW=(2*pi*t)**-1 #computing bandwidth\n", + "rt=1/BW #computing response time\n", + "rt=rt*10**9 \n", + "print \"Maximum response time is %.1f ns.\" %(rt)\n", + "#Calculation error in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum response time is 3.1 ns.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.9.1, page 7-43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "lamda=1.4*10**-6 \n", + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "eta=65/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "I=10*10**-9 #current\n", + "NEP= h*c*sqrt(2*q*I)/(eta*q*lamda) \n", + "D=NEP**-1 \n", + "print \"Noise equivalent power is %.3e W.\\nSpecific directivity is %.2e.\" %(NEP,D) \n", + "#answers in the book for NEP & D is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Noise equivalent power is 7.723e-14 W.\n", + "Specific directivity is 1.29e+13.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.9.2, page 7-44" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "lamda=1300*10**-9 \n", + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "eta=90/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "P0=300*10**-9 #optical power\n", + "Id=4 #dark current\n", + "B=20*10**6 #bandwidth\n", + "K=1.39*10**-23 #Boltzman constant\n", + "T=298 #temperature\n", + "R=1000 #load resister\n", + "Ip= 10**9*eta*P0*q*lamda/(h*c) \n", + "Its=10**9*(2*q*B*(Ip+Id)) \n", + "Its=sqrt(Its) \n", + "print \"rms shot noise current is %.2f nA.\" %(Its) \n", + "It= 4*K*T*B/R \n", + "It=sqrt(It) \n", + "print \"Thermal noise is %.2e A.\" %(It) \n", + "#answer given in book for shot noise & Thermal noise are wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rms shot noise current is 1.35 nA.\n", + "Thermal noise is 1.82e-08 A.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.10.1, page 7-51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import floor\n", + "lamda=0.85*10**-6 \n", + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "eta=75/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "P0=0.6*10**-6 #incident optical power\n", + "Im=15*10**2 #avalanche gain\n", + "R= eta*q*lamda/(h*c) #computing responsivity\n", + "Ip=10**8*P0*R #computing photocurrent\n", + "Ip=floor(Ip) \n", + "M=Im/Ip #computing multiplication factor\n", + "print \"Multiplication factor is %d.\" %(M) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Multiplication factor is 50.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.10.2, page 7-51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "lamda=900*10**-9 # Wavelength in m\n", + "P0=0.5 # Optical power\n", + "Im=10 # Photocurrent\n", + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "eta=65.0/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "R= eta*q*lamda/(h*c) #computing responsivity\n", + "Ip=P0*R #computing photocurrent \n", + "M=Im/Ip #computing multiplication factor\n", + "print \"Multiplication factor is %0.2f.\" %(M) \n", + "# Answer is wrong in the textbook." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Multiplication factor is 42.47.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.10.3, page 7-52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "lamda=900*10**-9 \n", + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "eta=65/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "P0=0.5*10**-6 #incident optical power\n", + "Im=10*10**2 #avalanche gain\n", + "R= eta*q*lamda/(h*c) #computing responsivity\n", + "Ip=10**8*P0*R #computing photocurrent\n", + "M=Im/Ip #computing multiplication factor\n", + "print \"Multiplication factor is %d.\" %(M) \n", + "#answer in the book is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Multiplication factor is 42.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.10.3, page 7-52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "lamda=900*10**-9 \n", + "h=6.626*10**-34 #plank's constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "eta=65/100 #quantum efficiency\n", + "P0=0.5*10**-6 #incident optical power\n", + "Im=10*10**2 #avalanche gain\n", + "R= eta*q*lamda/(h*c) #computong responsivity\n", + "Ip=10**8*P0*R #computing photocurrent\n", + "M=Im/Ip #computing multiplication factor\n", + "print \"Multiplication factor is %d.\" %M " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Multiplication factor is 42.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file |