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diff --git a/backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter2.ipynb b/backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..934feb4e --- /dev/null +++ b/backup/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar_version_backup/chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,886 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:94ac7a20c62e9612d243d85d9b1b3699e50dc46a0975e66ae373ce7747106bc9" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter2 - Optical Fibers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.4.1 page 2-10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arcsin, sqrt, pi\n", + "#Numerical Aperture and critical angle\n", + "n1=1.46 #refractive index\n", + "d=0.01 #difference\n", + "na=n1*sqrt(2*d) #numerical aperture\n", + "x=1-d #\n", + "oc=arcsin(x)*180/pi #in degree\n", + "print \"numerical aperture = \",round(na,2)\n", + "print \"critical angle at core cladding interface =\",round(oc,1),\" degree\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "numerical aperture = 0.21\n", + "critical angle at core cladding interface = 81.9 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5.1, page 2-11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arcsin, sqrt, pi\n", + "#Numerical Aperture ,critical angle and acceptance angle\n", + "n2=1.45 #core refrative index\n", + "n1=1.49 #cladding refrative index\n", + "oc=arcsin(n2/n1)*180/pi #in degree\n", + "na=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) #numerical aperture\n", + "pc=arcsin(na)*180/pi #degree\n", + "print \"critical angle is =\",round(oc,2),\" degree\"\n", + "print \"numerical aperture =\",round(na,3)\n", + "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(pc,2),\" degree\"\n", + "# Answer in the book are not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "critical angle is = 76.69 degree\n", + "numerical aperture = 0.343\n", + "acceptance angle is 20.06 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5.2, page 2-11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arcsin, sqrt, pi\n", + "delta = 1.2/100 # Relative refractive difference index\n", + "n1=1.45 # Core refractive index \n", + "NA= n1*sqrt(2*delta) #computing numerical aperture\n", + "Acceptance_angle = arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", + "si = pi*NA**2 #computing solid acceptance angle\n", + "print \"Numerical aperture is %.3f.\\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degree.\\nSolid acceptance angle is %.3f radians.\" %(NA,Acceptance_angle,si) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Numerical aperture is 0.225.\n", + "Acceptance angle is 12.98 degree.\n", + "Solid acceptance angle is 0.159 radians.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5.3, page 2-12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "NA = 0.45 # Numerical Aperture\n", + "Acceptance_angle = arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle.\n", + "print \"Acceptance angle is %.1f degree.\" %Acceptance_angle" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Acceptance angle is 26.7 degree.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5.4, page 2-12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import arctan\n", + "diameter = 1 #Diameter in centimeter\n", + "Focal_length = 10 #Focal length in centimeter\n", + "radius=diameter/2 #computing radius\n", + "Acceptance_angle = arctan(radius/Focal_length)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", + "Conical_full_angle = 2*Acceptance_angle #computing conical angle\n", + "Solid_acceptance_angle = pi*Acceptance_angle**2 #computing solid acceptance angle\n", + "NA = sqrt(Solid_acceptance_angle/pi) #computing Numerical aperture\n", + "print \"Numerical aperture is %.2f.\\nConical full angle is %.2f degree.\" %(NA,Conical_full_angle) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Numerical aperture is 2.86.\n", + "Conical full angle is 5.72 degree.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.6.1, page 2-16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import cos\n", + "NA = 0.45 #Numerical aperture\n", + "betaB = 45 # Skew ray change direction by 90 degree at each reflection\n", + "Meridional_theta = arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptacne angle for meridoinal ray\n", + "Skew_theta = arcsin(NA/cos(betaB*pi/180))*180/pi #computing acceptacne angle for skew ray\n", + "print \"Acceptacne angle for Meridoinal ray is %.2f degree.\\nAcceptance angle for Skew ray %.1f degree.\" %(Meridional_theta,Skew_theta) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Acceptacne angle for Meridoinal ray is 26.74 degree.\n", + "Acceptance angle for Skew ray 39.5 degree.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.1, page 2-21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "core_diameter=78*10**-6 #core diameter\n", + "delta=1.4/100 #relative index difference\n", + "lamda=0.8*10**-6 #operating wavelength\n", + "n1=1.47 #core refractive index\n", + "a=core_diameter/2 #computing core radius\n", + "v= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "M=(v)**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", + "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.3f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.1f\" %(v,M)\n", + "#answer in the book are incorrect." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized Frequency is 75.306.\n", + "Total number of guided modes are 2835.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.2, page 2-23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "n1=1.47 #refractive index of core\n", + "a=4.3*10**-6 #radius of core\n", + "delta=0.2/100 #relative index difference\n", + "lamda= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/2.405 #computing wavelength\n", + "lamda=lamda*10**9 \n", + "print \"Wavelength of fiber is %d nm.\" %lamda\n", + "#answer in the book is given as 1230nm which is incorrect." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Wavelength of fiber is 1043 nm.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.3, page 2-23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "n1=1.482 #refractive index of core\n", + "n2=1.474 #refractive index of cladding\n", + "lamda=820*10**-9 #Wavelength\n", + "NA=sqrt(n1**2 - n2**2) #computing Numerical aperture\n", + "theta= arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", + "solid_angle=pi*(NA)**2 #computing solid angle\n", + "a=2.405*lamda/(2*3.14*NA) #computing core radius\n", + "a=a*10**6 \n", + "print \"Numerical aperture is %.3f.\\nAcceptance angle is %.1f degrees.\\nSolid angle is %.3f radians.\\nCore radius is %.2f micrometer.\" %(NA,theta,solid_angle,a) \n", + "#answer in the book are not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Numerical aperture is 0.154.\n", + "Acceptance angle is 8.8 degrees.\n", + "Solid angle is 0.074 radians.\n", + "Core radius is 2.04 micrometer.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.4, page 2-24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import ceil\n", + "NA=0.16 #Numerical aperture\n", + "n1=1.45 #core refractive index\n", + "d=60*10**-6 #core diameter\n", + "lamda=0.82*10**-6 #wavelength\n", + "a=d/2 #core radius\n", + "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "M=v**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", + "print \"if normalized frequency is taken as %d, then there are %d guided modes.\" %(ceil(v),M) \n", + "#Answer given in the textbook is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "if normalized frequency is taken as 37, then there are 675 guided modes.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.5, page 2-26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "NA=0.2 #Numericla aperture\n", + "d=50*10**-6 #Diameter of core\n", + "lamda=1*10**-6 #Wavelength\n", + "a=d/2 #computing radius\n", + "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", + "Mg=round(Mg) \n", + "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,Mg) \n", + "#answer in the book is wrong" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized Frequency is 31.4.\n", + "Total number of guided modes are 246.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.6, page 2-27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "delta=0.015 #relative refractive index\n", + "n1=1.48 #core refractive index\n", + "lamda=0.85*10**-6 #wavelength\n", + "a=(2.4*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)) #computing radius of core\n", + "d=2*a #computing diameter of core\n", + "a=a*10**7 \n", + "a=round(a,2) \n", + "a=a/10\n", + "d=d*10**6 \n", + "print \"Core radius is %.1f micrometer.\\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer.\" %(a,2*a) \n", + "print \"When delta is reduced by 10 percent-\"\n", + "delta=0.0015 \n", + "a=(2.4*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)) #computing radius of core\n", + "d=2*a #computing diameter of core\n", + "a=a*10**7 \n", + "a=round(a) \n", + "a=a/10\n", + "d=d*10**6 \n", + "print \"Core radius is %.1f micrometer.\\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer.\" %(a,2*a) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Core radius is 1.3 micrometer.\n", + "Core diameter is 2.5 micrometer.\n", + "When delta is reduced by 10 percent-\n", + "Core radius is 4.0 micrometer.\n", + "Core diameter is 8.0 micrometer.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.7, page 2-28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "NA=0.25 #Numericla aperture\n", + "d=45*10**-6 #Diameter of core\n", + "lamda=1.5*10**-6 #Wavelength\n", + "a=d/2 #computing radius\n", + "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", + "Mg=round(Mg,2) \n", + "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.2f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,ceil(Mg) )\n", + "#answer in the book for normalized frequency is 23.55, deviation 0.05" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized Frequency is 23.55.\n", + "Total number of guided modes are 139.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.8, page 2-28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "NA=0.25 #Numericla aperture\n", + "d=45*10**-6 #Diameter of core\n", + "lamda=1.2*10**-6 #Wavelength\n", + "a=d/2 #computing radius\n", + "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", + "Mg=round(Mg,2) \n", + "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,Mg) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized Frequency is 29.4.\n", + "Total number of guided modes are 216.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8.9, page 2-28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "n1=1.54 #refractive index of core\n", + "n2=1.5 #refractive index of cladding\n", + "a=25*10**-6 #Radius of core in um\n", + "lamda=1.3*10**-6 #Wavelength in m\n", + "NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) \n", + "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", + "lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405 #computing cut off wavelength\n", + "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10**6 \n", + "print \"Normalized Frequency is %0.f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\\nCut off wavelength is %.1f micrometer.\" %(v,Mg,lamda_cut_off) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized Frequency is 42.\n", + "Total number of guided modes are 443.\n", + "Cut off wavelength is 22.8 micrometer.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.9.1 page 2-30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "L_BL=8*10**-2 #beat length\n", + "Br=2*3.14/L_BL #computing modal briefringence\n", + "print \"Modal briefringence is %.1f per meter.\" %Br" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Modal briefringence is 78.5 per meter.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.9.2, page 2-33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import log10\n", + "Pin=500*10**-6 #input power\n", + "L=200 #length of fiber\n", + "loss=2 #loss associated with fiber\n", + "Pin_dbm=10*log10(Pin/(10**-3)) #computing input power in dBm\n", + "Pin_dbm=round(Pin_dbm) \n", + "Pout_dbm=Pin_dbm-L*loss #computing output power level\n", + "Pout= 10**(Pout_dbm/10) \n", + "print \"Output power is %.2e mW.\" %Pout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output power is 5.01e-41 mW.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.12.1, page 2-37" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a=4.5*10**-6 #core diameter\n", + "delta=0.25/100 #relative index difference\n", + "lamda=0.85*10**-6 #operating wavelength\n", + "n1=1.46 #core refractive index\n", + "v= 2*pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405 #computing cut off wavelength\n", + "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10**9 \n", + "print \"Cut off wavelength is %.d nanometer.\" %(lamda_cut_off)\n", + "print \"When delta is 1.25 percent-\" \n", + "delta=1.25/100 \n", + "v= 2*pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405 #computing cut off wavelength\n", + "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10**7 \n", + "lamda_cut_off=round(lamda_cut_off) \n", + "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*100 \n", + "print \"Cut off wavelength is %.d nanometer.\" %(lamda_cut_off) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cut off wavelength is 1213 nanometer.\n", + "When delta is 1.25 percent-\n", + "Cut off wavelength is 2700 nanometer.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.12.2, page 2-38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a=50*10**-6 #core radius\n", + "lamda=1500*10**-9 #operating wavelength\n", + "n1=2.53 #core refractive index\n", + "n2=1.5 #cladding refractive index\n", + "delta=(n1-n2)/n1 #computing delta\n", + "v= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "M=(v)**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", + "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d\" %(v,M) \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation error in book. Answer in the book is wrong" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized Frequency is 477.9\n", + "Total number of guided modes are 114191\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.12.3, page 2-38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "core_diameter=8*10**-6 #core diameter\n", + "delta=0.92/100 #relative index difference\n", + "lamda=1550*10**-9 #operating wavelength\n", + "n1=1.45 #core refractive index\n", + "a=core_diameter/2 #computing core radius\n", + "v= 2*pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", + "M=(v)**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", + "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,M) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized Frequency is 3.2.\n", + "Total number of guided modes are 5.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.12.4, page 2-39 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "delta=1/100 #relative index difference\n", + "n1=1.5 #core refractive index\n", + "c=3*10**8 \n", + "L=6 \n", + "n2=sqrt(n1**2-2*delta*n1**2) #computing refractive index of cladding\n", + "delta_T=L*n1**2*delta/(c*n2) #computing pulse broadning\n", + "delta_T=delta_T*10**11 \n", + "delta_T=round(delta_T) \n", + "print \"Delay difference between slowest and fastest mode is %d ns/km.\" %delta_T \n", + "print \"This means that a pulse broadnes by %d ns after travel time a distance of %d km.\" %(delta_T,L)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Delay difference between slowest and fastest mode is 30 ns/km.\n", + "This means that a pulse broadnes by 30 ns after travel time a distance of 6 km.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.17.1, page 2-60" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "n1=1.48 #core refractive index\n", + "n2=1.46 #cladding refractive index\n", + "phi = arcsin(n2/n1)*180/pi #computing critical angle\n", + "NA = sqrt(n1**2 - n2**2) #computing numericla aperture\n", + "theta= arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", + "print \"Critical angle is %.2f degrees.\\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degree.\" %(phi,NA,theta) \n", + "#answers in the book are wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Critical angle is 80.57 degrees.\n", + "Numerical aperture is 0.242.\n", + "Acceptance angle is 14.03 degree.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Question 4, page 2-61 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "L_BL=8*10**-2 #beat length\n", + "Br=2*3.14/L_BL #computing modal briefringence\n", + "print \"Modal briefringence is %.1f per meter.\" %Br " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Modal briefringence is 78.5 per meter.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Question 5, page 2-62 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "L_BL=0.6*10**-3 #beat length\n", + "lamda=1.4*10**-6 #wavelength\n", + "L_BL1=70 \n", + "Bh=lamda/L_BL #computing high briefringence\n", + "Bl=lamda/L_BL1 #computing low briefringence\n", + "print \"High briefringence is %.2e.\\nLow briefringence is %.1e.\"%(Bh,Bl)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "High briefringence is 2.33e-03.\n", + "Low briefringence is 2.0e-08.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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