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diff --git a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter3.ipynb b/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter3.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 1404e10b..00000000 --- a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter3.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,351 +0,0 @@ -{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:90fc77a4706b2ba6c4e383a2e0d80f0a572a43d837aa619ea730d827f91d4409"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "3: The Atomic Structure"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.1, Page number 25"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Z=79; #atomic number of gold\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #electron charge(C)\n",
- "Eo=8.854*10**-12; #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",
- "K=7.68*1.6*10**-13; #kinectic energy(J)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "D=(2*Z*e**2)/(4*math.pi*Eo*K); #closest distance of approach(m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The closest distance of approach is\",round(D/1e-14,2),\"*10**-14 m\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The closest distance of approach is 2.96 *10**-14 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 4
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.2, Page number 28"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Z=1; #atomic number of hydrogen\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #electron charge(C)\n",
- "h=6.625*10**-34; #plank's constant(J-s)\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of an electron(kg)\n",
- "Eo=8.854*10**-12; #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "n=1; #ground state\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "v=9*10**9*(2*math.pi*Z*e**2)/(n*h); #velocity of ground state(m/s)\n",
- "r=(Eo*n**2*h**2)/(math.pi*m*e**2); #radius of Bohr orbit in ground state(m)\n",
- "t=(2*math.pi*r)/v; #time taken by electron to traverse the bohr first orbit(s)\n",
- "R=(m*(e**4))/(8*(Eo**2)*(h**3)*c); #Rhydberg contstant(m^-1)\n",
- "#v=v*10**-5;\n",
- "#v=math.ceil(v*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n",
- "#r=r*10**10;\n",
- "#R=R/10**6;\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"velocity of ground state\",round(v/1e+5,2),\"*10^5 m/s\"\n",
- "print \"radius of Bohr orbit in ground state\",round(r/1e-10,2),\"*10^-10 m\"\n",
- "print \"time taken by electron to traverse the bohr first orbit\",round(t/1e-16,2),\"micro s\"\n",
- "print \"Rhydberg constant is\",round(R/1e+6,3),\"*10**6 m^-1\"\n",
- "print \"answer for Rhydberg contstant given in the book differs in the 2nd decimal point\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "velocity of ground state 21.85 *10^5 m/s\n",
- "radius of Bohr orbit in ground state 0.53 *10^-10 m\n",
- "time taken by electron to traverse the bohr first orbit 1.53 micro s\n",
- "Rhydberg constant is 10.901 *10**6 m^-1\n",
- "answer for Rhydberg contstant given in the book differs in the 2nd decimal point\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 18
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.3, Page number 29"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "B=2.179*10**-16; #constant(J)\n",
- "h=6.6*10**-34; #plank's constant(J-s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "E3=-B/3**2; #energy in 3rd orbit(J)\n",
- "E2=-B/2**2; #energy in 2nd orbit(J) \n",
- "f=(E3-E2)/h; #frequency of radiation(Hz) \n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"frequency of radiation\",round(f/1e+16,1),\"*10**16 Hz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "frequency of radiation 4.6 *10**16 Hz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 35
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.4, Page number 29"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Z=1; #atomic number of hydrogen\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #electron charge(C)\n",
- "h=6.625*10**-34; #plank's constant(J-s)\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of an electron(kg)\n",
- "Eo=8.854*10**-12; #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",
- "n=1; #ground state\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "f=(m*Z**2*e**4)/(4*Eo**2*h**3); #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"the frequency is\",round(f/1e+15,2),\"*10**15 Hz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "the frequency is 6.54 *10**15 Hz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 38
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.5, Page number 30"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Z=1;\n",
- "n=1;\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "h=6.62*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
- "Eo=8.854*10**-12; #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "v=Z*(e**2)/(2*Eo*n*h); #velocity(m/s)\n",
- "E=-m*(Z**2)*(e**4)/(8*(Eo*n*h)**2); #energy of hydrogen atom(J)\n",
- "f=m*(Z**2)*(e**4)/(4*(Eo**2)*(n*h)**3); #frequecy(Hz)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"velocity is\",round(v*10**-6,2),\"*10**6 m/s\"\n",
- "print \"energy of hydrogen atom\",round(E*10**19,1),\"*10**-19 J\"\n",
- "print \"frequecy\",round(f/1e+15,1),\"*10**15 Hz\"\n",
- "print \"answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\"\n",
- "print \"answer for frequency given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "velocity is 2.18 *10**6 m/s\n",
- "energy of hydrogen atom -21.7 *10**-19 J\n",
- "frequecy 6.6 *10**15 Hz\n",
- "answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\n",
- "answer for frequency given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 24
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.8, Page number 38"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "E1=10.2; #energy(eV)\n",
- "E2=12.09; #energy(eV)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calcualtion\n",
- "#principal quantum numbers are 2 & 3 respectively\n",
- "lamda1=c*h/(E1*e)*10**10; #wavelength for E1(angstrom)\n",
- "lamda2=c*h/(E2*e)*10**10; #wavelength for E2(angstrom)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"wavelength for 10.2 eV is\",int(lamda1),\"angstrom\"\n",
- "print \"wavelength for 12.09 eV is\",int(lamda2),\"angstrom\"\n",
- "print \"answers given in the book differ due to rounding off errors\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "wavelength for 10.2 eV is 1217 angstrom\n",
- "wavelength for 12.09 eV is 1027 angstrom\n",
- "answers given in the book differ due to rounding off errors\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 58
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.9, Page number 39"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "R=10967700; #Rydberg constant(m^-1)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "long_lamda=4/(3*R); #as n1=1 and n2=2\n",
- "long_lamda=long_lamda*10**10; #long wavelength(angstrom)\n",
- "short_lamda=1/R; #as n1=1 and n2=infinity\n",
- "short_lamda=short_lamda*10**10; #long wavelength(angstrom)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"Long wavelength is\",round(long_lamda),\"angstrom\"\n",
- "print \"Short wavelength is\",round(short_lamda),\"angstrom\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Long wavelength is 1216.0 angstrom\n",
- "Short wavelength is 912.0 angstrom\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 62
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
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