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diff --git a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter16.ipynb b/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter16.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..27b371a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter16.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,433 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:d47bf0be5cde96d0aef086befce8360c308553e75286c744d02ce7f3929fcd07"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "16: Particle Accelerators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.1, Page number 305"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "fo=9*10**6; #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "m=6.643*10**-27; #mass(kg)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=2*e; #electron charge(C)\n",
+ "B=fo*2*math.pi*m/Q; #magnetic flux density(Wb/m^2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"magnetic flux density is\",round(B,2),\"Wb/m^2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "magnetic flux density is 1.17 Wb/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.2, Page number 305"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=0.7; #magnetic flux intensity(Wb/m^2)\n",
+ "m=3.34*10**-27; #mass(Kg)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=e;\n",
+ "fo=B*Q/(2*math.pi*m*10**6); #cyclotron frequency(MHz) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The cyclotron frequency is\",round(fo,1),\"MHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The cyclotron frequency is 5.3 MHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.3, Page number 306"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=0.75; #magnetic flux intensity(Wb/m^2)\n",
+ "m1=1.67*10**-27; #mass(Kg)\n",
+ "m2=3.31*10**-27; #mass(Kg)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "Rm=2; #radius(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=e;\n",
+ "Emax_m1=3.12*10**12*B**2*Q**2*Rm**2/m1; #Maximum energy for proton(MeV)\n",
+ "Emax_m2=3.12*10**12*B**2*Q**2*Rm**2/m2; #Maximum energy for deuteron(MeV) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Maximum energy for proton is\",round(Emax_m1),\"MeV\"\n",
+ "print \"Maximum energy for deuteron is\",int(Emax_m2),\"MeV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum energy for proton is 108.0 MeV\n",
+ "Maximum energy for deuteron is 54 MeV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.4, Page number 306"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mo=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+ "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+ "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+ "E=1; #given energy(MeV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Eo=mo*c**2/(1.6*10**-13); #rest energy for electron(MeV)\n",
+ "mbymo_e=1+(E/Eo); #Ratio for electron\n",
+ "Eo=m*c**2/(1.6*10**-13); #rest energy for proton(MeV)\n",
+ "mbymo_p=1+(E/Eo); #Ratio for proton\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Ratio for electron is\",round(mbymo_e,3)\n",
+ "print \"Ratio for proton is\",round(mbymo_p,6)\n",
+ "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ratio for electron is 2.954\n",
+ "Ratio for proton is 1.001065\n",
+ "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.5, Page number 306"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=0.5; #magnetic field(Wb/m^2)\n",
+ "d=1.5; #diameter(m)\n",
+ "f=59; #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "R=d/2; #radius(m)\n",
+ "N=c/(4*(2*math.pi*50)*R); #number of revolutions\n",
+ "E=B*e*R*c/(1.6*10**-13); #final energy(MeV)\n",
+ "AE=E/N*10**6; #average energy(eV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"final energy is\",E,\"MeV\"\n",
+ "print \"average energy is\",round(AE,1),\"eV\"\n",
+ "print \"answer for average energy given in the book is wrong\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "final energy is 112.5 MeV\n",
+ "average energy is 353.4 eV\n",
+ "answer for average energy given in the book is wrong\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.6, Page number 307"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "E=0.51; #kinetic energy(MeV)\n",
+ "R=0.15; #radius(m)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "mo=9.12*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+ "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Eo=E;\n",
+ "m=mo*(1+(E/Eo)); #mass(kg)\n",
+ "b=math.sqrt(1-(mo/m)**2);\n",
+ "v=b*c; #velocity(m/s)\n",
+ "B=mo*v/(e*R); #flux density(Wb/m^2) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"mass is\",round(m/1e-31,1),\"*10^-31 kg\"\n",
+ "print \"velocity is\",round(v/1e+8,1),\"*10^8 m/s\"\n",
+ "print \"flux density is\",round(B,5),\"Wb/m^2\"\n",
+ "print \"answer for flux density in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "mass is 18.2 *10^-31 kg\n",
+ "velocity is 2.6 *10^8 m/s\n",
+ "flux density is 0.00987 Wb/m^2\n",
+ "answer for flux density in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.7, Page number 308"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "E=4; #applied voltage(MeV)\n",
+ "m=3.334*10**-27; #mass of deuteron(kg)\n",
+ "R=0.75; #radius(m)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=4*10**6*e;\n",
+ "fo=math.sqrt(E/(2*m))/(math.pi*R); #frequnecy of generator(Hz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"frequnecy of generator is\",round(fo/1e+6,3),\"*10^6 Hz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "frequnecy of generator is 4.158 *10^6 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.8, Page number 308"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "roi=15; #rate of increase(Wb/s)\n",
+ "tr=10**6; #total revolutions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "IE=roi*10**-6; #increased energy(MeV)\n",
+ "FE=IE*tr; #Final Energy(MeV) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Final Energy is\",FE,\"MeV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Final Energy is 15.0 MeV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 16.9, Page number 308"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "R=0.1; #radius(m)\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
+ "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+ "roi=15; #rate of increase(Wb/s)\n",
+ "t=4*10**-4; #period of accerleartion(s)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "N=c*t/(2*math.pi*R); #number of revolutions\n",
+ "IE=roi; #incresed energy(eV)\n",
+ "ME=N*IE*10**-6; #maximum energy(MeV) \n",
+ "ME1=ME*10**6*e; #conversion in V\n",
+ "p=ME1/c;\n",
+ "gama=h/p; #wavelength of gama rays(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Maximum energy is\",round(ME,3),\"MeV\"\n",
+ "print \"Corresponding wavelength of gama rays is\",round(gama/1e-13,3),\"*10^-13 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum energy is 2.865 MeV\n",
+ "Corresponding wavelength of gama rays is 4.336 *10^-13 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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