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1 files changed, 0 insertions, 433 deletions
diff --git a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter16.ipynb b/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter16.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 27b371a7..00000000 --- a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/chapter16.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,433 +0,0 @@ -{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:d47bf0be5cde96d0aef086befce8360c308553e75286c744d02ce7f3929fcd07"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "16: Particle Accelerators"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.1, Page number 305"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "fo=9*10**6; #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "m=6.643*10**-27; #mass(kg)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Q=2*e; #electron charge(C)\n",
- "B=fo*2*math.pi*m/Q; #magnetic flux density(Wb/m^2)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"magnetic flux density is\",round(B,2),\"Wb/m^2\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "magnetic flux density is 1.17 Wb/m^2\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 4
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.2, Page number 305"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "B=0.7; #magnetic flux intensity(Wb/m^2)\n",
- "m=3.34*10**-27; #mass(Kg)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Q=e;\n",
- "fo=B*Q/(2*math.pi*m*10**6); #cyclotron frequency(MHz) \n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The cyclotron frequency is\",round(fo,1),\"MHz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The cyclotron frequency is 5.3 MHz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.3, Page number 306"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "B=0.75; #magnetic flux intensity(Wb/m^2)\n",
- "m1=1.67*10**-27; #mass(Kg)\n",
- "m2=3.31*10**-27; #mass(Kg)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "Rm=2; #radius(m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Q=e;\n",
- "Emax_m1=3.12*10**12*B**2*Q**2*Rm**2/m1; #Maximum energy for proton(MeV)\n",
- "Emax_m2=3.12*10**12*B**2*Q**2*Rm**2/m2; #Maximum energy for deuteron(MeV) \n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"Maximum energy for proton is\",round(Emax_m1),\"MeV\"\n",
- "print \"Maximum energy for deuteron is\",int(Emax_m2),\"MeV\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Maximum energy for proton is 108.0 MeV\n",
- "Maximum energy for deuteron is 54 MeV\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.4, Page number 306"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "mo=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
- "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "E=1; #given energy(MeV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Eo=mo*c**2/(1.6*10**-13); #rest energy for electron(MeV)\n",
- "mbymo_e=1+(E/Eo); #Ratio for electron\n",
- "Eo=m*c**2/(1.6*10**-13); #rest energy for proton(MeV)\n",
- "mbymo_p=1+(E/Eo); #Ratio for proton\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"Ratio for electron is\",round(mbymo_e,3)\n",
- "print \"Ratio for proton is\",round(mbymo_p,6)\n",
- "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Ratio for electron is 2.954\n",
- "Ratio for proton is 1.001065\n",
- "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 15
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.5, Page number 306"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "B=0.5; #magnetic field(Wb/m^2)\n",
- "d=1.5; #diameter(m)\n",
- "f=59; #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "R=d/2; #radius(m)\n",
- "N=c/(4*(2*math.pi*50)*R); #number of revolutions\n",
- "E=B*e*R*c/(1.6*10**-13); #final energy(MeV)\n",
- "AE=E/N*10**6; #average energy(eV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"final energy is\",E,\"MeV\"\n",
- "print \"average energy is\",round(AE,1),\"eV\"\n",
- "print \"answer for average energy given in the book is wrong\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "final energy is 112.5 MeV\n",
- "average energy is 353.4 eV\n",
- "answer for average energy given in the book is wrong\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 20
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.6, Page number 307"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "E=0.51; #kinetic energy(MeV)\n",
- "R=0.15; #radius(m)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "mo=9.12*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Eo=E;\n",
- "m=mo*(1+(E/Eo)); #mass(kg)\n",
- "b=math.sqrt(1-(mo/m)**2);\n",
- "v=b*c; #velocity(m/s)\n",
- "B=mo*v/(e*R); #flux density(Wb/m^2) \n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"mass is\",round(m/1e-31,1),\"*10^-31 kg\"\n",
- "print \"velocity is\",round(v/1e+8,1),\"*10^8 m/s\"\n",
- "print \"flux density is\",round(B,5),\"Wb/m^2\"\n",
- "print \"answer for flux density in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "mass is 18.2 *10^-31 kg\n",
- "velocity is 2.6 *10^8 m/s\n",
- "flux density is 0.00987 Wb/m^2\n",
- "answer for flux density in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 30
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.7, Page number 308"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "E=4; #applied voltage(MeV)\n",
- "m=3.334*10**-27; #mass of deuteron(kg)\n",
- "R=0.75; #radius(m)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "E=4*10**6*e;\n",
- "fo=math.sqrt(E/(2*m))/(math.pi*R); #frequnecy of generator(Hz)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"frequnecy of generator is\",round(fo/1e+6,3),\"*10^6 Hz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "frequnecy of generator is 4.158 *10^6 Hz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 33
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.8, Page number 308"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "roi=15; #rate of increase(Wb/s)\n",
- "tr=10**6; #total revolutions\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "IE=roi*10**-6; #increased energy(MeV)\n",
- "FE=IE*tr; #Final Energy(MeV) \n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"Final Energy is\",FE,\"MeV\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Final Energy is 15.0 MeV\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 36
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 16.9, Page number 308"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#import modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "R=0.1; #radius(m)\n",
- "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "roi=15; #rate of increase(Wb/s)\n",
- "t=4*10**-4; #period of accerleartion(s)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "N=c*t/(2*math.pi*R); #number of revolutions\n",
- "IE=roi; #incresed energy(eV)\n",
- "ME=N*IE*10**-6; #maximum energy(MeV) \n",
- "ME1=ME*10**6*e; #conversion in V\n",
- "p=ME1/c;\n",
- "gama=h/p; #wavelength of gama rays(m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"Maximum energy is\",round(ME,3),\"MeV\"\n",
- "print \"Corresponding wavelength of gama rays is\",round(gama/1e-13,3),\"*10^-13 m\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Maximum energy is 2.865 MeV\n",
- "Corresponding wavelength of gama rays is 4.336 *10^-13 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 43
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
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