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diff --git a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/Chapter16_1.ipynb b/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/Chapter16_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..3d17f95b --- /dev/null +++ b/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/Chapter16_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "MP-16" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Cosmology: Origin and Fate of Universe" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 16.1 Page 529" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import log\nN2=0.25;N1=0.75; #various given values\nL2=1.0;L1=0.0;\nE1_E2=-4.7*(10**-4); #Energy difference\n\n#calculation\na=(N2/N1); b=(((2*L2)+1)/((2*L1)+1));c=E1_E2; #various terms involved in the formula of ratio of population\nkT=(c/log(a/b)); #value of k*T\nk=0.0000856; #constant\nT=kT/k; #temperature of interstellar space\n\n#result\nprint \"The temperature of interstellar space was found out to be in K\",round(T,3);", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "The temperature of interstellar space was found out to be in K 2.499\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 16.2 Page 536" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nmc2=940.0*10**6; k=8.6*10**-5; #various constants and given values in suitable units\n\n#calculation\nT= mc2/k; #temperature of the photons\n\n#result\nprint \"The temperature of the photons must be in K %.1e\" %round(T,3);\n\n#part2\nt=((1.5*10**10)/T)**2; #age of universe when the photons have the above temperature\n\n#result\nprint\"The age of the universe for the temperature of the photon to be as obtained above in seconds is %.01e\" %t;", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "The temperature of the photons must be in K 1.1e+13\nThe age of the universe for the temperature of the photon to be as obtained above in seconds is 1.883318e-06\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 16.3 Page 539" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initation of variable\nfrom math import exp\nk=8.62*10**-5; #various values and constants\nT= 1.5*10**10;\ndelE=1.3*10**6;\n\n#calculation\na= delE/(k*T); #exponent in boltzmann factor\nb=exp(-a); #ratio of neutron to protons\nr=(1/(1+b))*100; #relative number of protons\n\n#result\nprint\"The percentage of protons is\",round(r),\" neutrons is \",round(100-r);", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "The percentage of protons is 73.0 neutrons is 27.0\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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