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diff --git a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/Chapter16.ipynb b/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/Chapter16.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 7a4a153b..00000000 --- a/backup/Modern_Physics_version_backup/Chapter16.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "Chapter16", - "signature": "sha256:8da1ca227cbd2fcd5141a76f92c8c3cee05db901d462b1e82e4eb0345baf65a5" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Chapter 16:Cosmology: Origin and Fate of Universe" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 16.1 Page 529" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#initiation of variable\n", - "from math import log\n", - "N2=0.25;N1=0.75; #various given values\n", - "L2=1.0;L1=0.0;\n", - "E1_E2=-4.7*(10**-4); #Energy difference\n", - "\n", - "#calculation\n", - "a=(N2/N1); b=(((2*L2)+1)/((2*L1)+1));c=E1_E2; #various terms involved in the formula of ratio of population\n", - "kT=(c/log(a/b)); #value of k*T\n", - "k=0.0000856; #constant\n", - "T=kT/k; #temperature of interstellar space\n", - "\n", - "#result\n", - "print \"The temperature of interstellar space was found out to be in K\",round(T,3);" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The temperature of interstellar space was found out to be in K 2.499\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 16.2 Page 536" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#initiation of variable\n", - "mc2=940.0*10**6; k=8.6*10**-5; #various constants and given values in suitable units\n", - "\n", - "#calculation\n", - "T= mc2/k; #temperature of the photons\n", - "\n", - "#result\n", - "print \"The temperature of the photons must be in K %.1e\" %round(T,3);\n", - "\n", - "#part2\n", - "t=((1.5*10**10)/T)**2; #age of universe when the photons have the above temperature\n", - "\n", - "#result\n", - "print\"The age of the universe for the temperature of the photon to be as obtained above in seconds is %.0e\" %t;" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The temperature of the photons must be in K 1.1e+13\n", - "The age of the universe for the temperature of the photon to be as obtained above in seconds is 2e-06\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 16.3 Page 539" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#initiation of variable\n", - "from math import exp\n", - "k=8.62*10**-5; #various values and constants\n", - "T= 1.5*10**10;\n", - "delE=1.3*10**6;\n", - "\n", - "#calculation\n", - "a= delE/(k*T); #exponent in boltzmann factor\n", - "b=exp(-a); #ratio of neutron to protons\n", - "r=(1/(1+b))*100; #relative number of protons\n", - "\n", - "#result\n", - "print\"The percentage of protons is\",round(r),\" neutrons is \",round(100-r);" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The percentage of protons is 73.0 neutrons is 27.0\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
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