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diff --git a/backup/Materials_Science_version_backup/Chapter05.ipynb b/backup/Materials_Science_version_backup/Chapter05.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..39b44fee --- /dev/null +++ b/backup/Materials_Science_version_backup/Chapter05.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,666 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:ef6d9a0d23fffdb9f7c392e83ea5acb91eccb75cc2e53a11277239fd4fc34966"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter05:Electron Theory of Metals"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.1.i:pg-110"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.1.i: probability for diamond\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Eg=5.6; # in eV\n",
+ "k=86.2*10**-6; # in eVk**-1\n",
+ "T=273+25.0; # in K\n",
+ "E_Ef=Eg/2;\n",
+ "f_E=1/(1+math.exp(E_Ef/(k*T)));\n",
+ "print f_E,\" is probability for diamond\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "4.58172567644e-48 is probability for diamond\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.1.ii:pg-110"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.1.ii: probability for silicon\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "Eg=1.07; # in eV\n",
+ "k=86.2*10**-6; # in eVk**-1\n",
+ "T=273+25.0; # in K\n",
+ "E_Ef=Eg/2;\n",
+ "f_E=1/(1+math.exp(E_Ef/(k*T)));\n",
+ "print f_E,\"is probability for diamond \"\n",
+ "# answer is wrong in book\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "9.01312095705e-10 is probability for diamond \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.2:pg-119"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.2: resistance\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "l=1; # length in m\n",
+ "A=4*10**-4; # area of cross section in m**2\n",
+ "p=0.01*10**-2; # resistivity in ohm-m\n",
+ "R=p*(l/A);\n",
+ "print R,\"is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "0.25 is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.3:pg-120"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.3: resistance\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "p=1.7*10**-8; # resistivity i ohm-m\n",
+ "d=0.0005; # diameter of the wire in m\n",
+ "l=31.4; # length in m\n",
+ "A=(math.pi*d**2)/4;\n",
+ "R=p*(l/A);\n",
+ "print round(R,2),\"is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "2.72 is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.4:pg-120"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.4: conductivity\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "V=.432; # voltage drop across the wire in volts\n",
+ "I=10; # current through the wire in A\n",
+ "l=1; # length in m\n",
+ "d=1*10**-3; # diameter in m\n",
+ "R=V/I;\n",
+ "A=(math.pi*d**2)/4;\n",
+ "p=(R*A)/l;\n",
+ "b=1/p;\n",
+ "print round(b,2),\" is conductivitty,b(ohm**-1.m**-1) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "29473137.61 is conductivitty,b(ohm**-1.m**-1) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.5:pg-124"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.5: drift velocity\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "n=10**19; # in m**3\n",
+ "b=0.01; # conductivity in ohm**-1. m**-1\n",
+ "V=0.17; # in volts\n",
+ "d=.27*10**-3; # in m\n",
+ "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "E=V/d; # in volt/m\n",
+ "v=((b*E)/(n*e));\n",
+ "print round(v,2),\"is drift velocity of electron,v (m/sec) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "3.93 is drift velocity of electron,v (m/sec) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.6:pg-124"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.6: conductivity\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; # in C\n",
+ "T=300; # temerature in K\n",
+ "t=2*10**-14; # time in sec\n",
+ "c=63.54; # atomic weight of copper in a.m.u\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31; # mass in kg\n",
+ "# we know that 63.45 grams of copper contains 6.023*10**23 free electrons since one atom contributes one electron.the volume of 63.54 gram of copper is 8.9 cubic centimetre(c.c).\n",
+ "n=6.023*10**23/(c/8.9); #number of electrons per unit volume(c.c)\n",
+ "n1=n*10**6; # the number of electrons per m**3\n",
+ "b=(e**2*n1*t)/m;\n",
+ "print round(b,2),\"is conductivity,b(mho/m) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "47466174.12 is conductivity,b(mho/m) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.7:pg-125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.7: mobility of electrons\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "t=10**-14; # time in sec\n",
+ "mu=(e*t)/m;\n",
+ "print mu,\"is mobility of electrons,mu(m**2/volts.sec) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "0.00176043956044 is mobility of electrons,mu(m**2/volts.sec) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.8:pg-125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.8: mobility \n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=10.5; # density of silver in gm/c.c\n",
+ "w=107.9; # atomic weight\n",
+ "b=6.8*10**5; # conductivity in mhos/cm\n",
+ "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
+ "N=6.023*10**23;\n",
+ "n=(N*d)/w;\n",
+ "mu=b/(e*n);\n",
+ "print round(mu,2),\"is mobility of electron,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "72.42 is mobility of electron,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.9:pg-126"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Example 5.9: mobility and drift velocity\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# given :\n",
+ "b=6.5*10**7; # conductivity in ohm**-1.m**-1\n",
+ "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
+ "n=6*10**23; #\n",
+ "E=1; # in V/m\n",
+ "mu=b/(e*n);\n",
+ "v=mu*E;\n",
+ "print round(mu,2),\"is mobility ,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \"\n",
+ "print round(v,2),\"is drift velocity,v(m/sec) \"\n",
+ "# mobility and drift is calculated wrong in book\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "676.24 is mobility ,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \n",
+ "676.24 is drift velocity,v(m/sec) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.10:pg-126"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Example 5.10 : density and drift velocity \n",
+ " \n",
+ "#given data :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
+ "b=58*10**6;# in ohm**-1 m**-1\n",
+ "mu_n=3.5*10**-3;# in m**2/V s\n",
+ "E=0.5; # in V/m\n",
+ "n=b/(e*mu_n);\n",
+ "print n,\"is density,n(m**-3) \"\n",
+ "v=mu_n*E;\n",
+ "print v,\"is drift velocity,v(m/s) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "1.03442125914e+29 is density,n(m**-3) \n",
+ "0.00175 is drift velocity,v(m/s) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.11:pg-127"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Example 5.11 : velocity\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#given data :\n",
+ "m=9.109*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
+ "Ef=2.1# in ev\n",
+ "Wf=e*Ef;# in J\n",
+ "vf=math.sqrt((2*Wf)/m);\n",
+ "print vf,\"is velocity,vf(m/s) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "859449.869617 is velocity,vf(m/s) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.12.a:pg-127"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Example 5.12.a : velocity\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#given data :\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
+ "Ef=3.75;# in ev\n",
+ "Wf=(e*Ef);# in J\n",
+ "vf=math.sqrt(((2*Wf)/m));\n",
+ "print vf,\" is velocity,vf(m/s) \"\n",
+ "# answer is wrong in book\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "1149055.99095 is velocity,vf(m/s) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.12.b:pg-127"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Example 5.12.b : mobility of electron\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#given data :\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
+ "Ef=3.75;# in ev\n",
+ "t=10**-14;# in sec\n",
+ "mu=(e*t)/m;\n",
+ "print mu,\"is mobility,mu(m**2/V-sec) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "0.00176043956044 is mobility,mu(m**2/V-sec) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.13:pg-127"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Example 5.13 : the mean free path\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#given data :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "t=10**-9; # in sec\n",
+ "m=9.109*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
+ "Ef=7# in ev\n",
+ "Wf=e*Ef;# in J\n",
+ "vf=math.sqrt((2*Wf)/m);\n",
+ "lamda=vf*t*10**3;\n",
+ "print round(lamda,2),\"is the mean free path,lamda(mm) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "1.57 is the mean free path,lamda(mm) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 39
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.14:pg-128"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Example 5.14 : mobility and average time\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#given data :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=9.109*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
+ "d=8.92*10**3;# in kg/m**3\n",
+ "p=1.73*10**-8;# ohm-m\n",
+ "A=63.5;#atomic weight\n",
+ "N=6.023*10**22; # avogadro's number\n",
+ "n=(N*d)/A;\n",
+ "b=1/p;# conductivity\n",
+ "mu=b/(n*e);\n",
+ "print round(mu,1),\"= mobility,mu(m**2/V-s) \"\n",
+ "t=(mu*m)/e;\n",
+ "print round(t*10**9,3),\"= average time,t(ns) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "42.6 = mobility,mu(m**2/V-s) \n",
+ "0.242 = average time,t(ns) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 42
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5.15:pg-129"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Example 5.15 : electrical resistivity\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#given data :\n",
+ "\n",
+ "r=1.86*10**-10;# in m\n",
+ "t=3*10**-14;# in sec\n",
+ "a=2;\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
+ "e=1.602 *10**-9;\n",
+ "A=23*10**-3;#in kg/m\n",
+ "N=6.023*10**23; # avogadro's number\n",
+ "M=(a*A)/N;\n",
+ "V=((4/math.sqrt(3))*r)**3;\n",
+ "d=M/V;\n",
+ "mu=((e*t)/m);\n",
+ "n=(N*d)/A;\n",
+ "b=1.602 *10**-19*n*mu;\n",
+ "p=(1/b);\n",
+ "print p,\"= resistivity,p(ohm-m) \"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "4.68383991207e-18 = resistivity,p(ohm-m) \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |