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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:fa946e3f77a5fb13eb7ad900f4bb8618950afc67e42b0d85db2b38e779043158"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter14-Lasers\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1-pg418"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "##Example 14.1\n",
+      "##calculation of intensity of laser beam\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##given values\n",
+      "P=10*10**-3.;##Power in Watt\n",
+      "d=1.3*10**-3.;##diametre in m\n",
+      "A=math.pi*d**2./4.;##area in m**2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##calculation\n",
+      "I=P/A;\n",
+      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('intensity (in W/m^2) is',I,'');"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "intensity (in W/m^2) is 7533.96 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2-pg418"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "##Example 14.2\n",
+      "##calculation of intensity of laser beam\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##given values\n",
+      "P=1*10**-3.;##Power in Watt\n",
+      "l=6328*10**-10.;##wavelength in m\n",
+      "A=l**2.;##area in m**2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##calculation\n",
+      "I=P/A;\n",
+      "print'%s %.3e %s'%('intensity (in W/m^2) is',I,'');"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "intensity (in W/m^2) is 2.497e+09 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3-pg418"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "##Example 14.3\n",
+      "##calculation of coherence length,bandwidth and line width\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##given values\n",
+      "c=3*10**8.;##velocity of light in m/s\n",
+      "t=.1*10**-9.;##timedivision in s\n",
+      "l=6238*10**-10.;##wavelength in m\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##calculation\n",
+      "x=c*t;\n",
+      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('coherence length (in m) is',x,'');\n",
+      "d=1./t;\n",
+      "print'%s %.3e %s'%('bandwidth (in Hz) is',d,'');\n",
+      "y=l**2*d/c;##line width in m\n",
+      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('line width(in armstrong )is',y*10**10,'');"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "coherence length (in m) is 0.03 \n",
+        "bandwidth (in Hz) is 1.000e+10 \n",
+        "line width(in armstrong )is 0.13 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4-pg418"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "##Example 14.4\n",
+      "##calculation of frequency difference\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##given values\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;##velocity of light in m/s\n",
+      "l=.5;##distance in m\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##calculation\n",
+      "f=c/(2*l);##in hertz\n",
+      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('frequency difference (in MHz) is',f/10**6,'');\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "frequency difference (in MHz) is 300.00 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5-pg418"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "##Example 14.5\n",
+      "##calculation of no of cavity modes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##given values\n",
+      "c=3*10**8.;##velocity of light in m/s\n",
+      "n=1.75;##refractive index\n",
+      "l=2*10**-2;##length of ruby rod in m\n",
+      "x=6943*10**-10.;##wavelength in m\n",
+      "y=5.3*10**-10.;##spread of wavelength in m\n",
+      "\n",
+      "##calculation\n",
+      "d=c/n/l;\n",
+      "f=c*y/x**2.;\n",
+      "m=f/d;\n",
+      "print'%s %.2f %s'%('no of modes is',m,'');\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "no of modes is 38.48 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file