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diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_B._l._Singhal/ch7.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_B._l._Singhal/ch7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..a8cc11e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Thermodynamics_by_B._l._Singhal/ch7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,543 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:b5b8074cf42c7ca646f91bd1caedd392aed8b3ed9b13fedd0aed1677334f5b33" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7 : IC Engines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.1 Page No : 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "T = 10.;\t\t\t#N-m\n", + "N = 1500.;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "IP = 1.85;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "BP = T*2*math.pi*N/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "FP = IP-BP;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Friction power(KW) : %.2f\"%FP\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Friction power(KW) : 0.28\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2 Page No : 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "d = 18./100;\t\t\t#m\n", + "L = 26./100;\t\t\t#m\n", + "N = 400.;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "positive_mep = 6;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "negative_mep = -0.3;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "n = 180.;\t\t\t#strokes/min\n", + "Etta_m = 0.75;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Pm = positive_mep+negative_mep;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "A = math.pi/4*d**2;\t\t\t#m**2\n", + "IP = Pm*10**5*A*L*n/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "BP = IP*Etta_m;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"B.P. of engine in KW : %.3f\"%BP\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "B.P. of engine in KW : 8.485\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.3 Page No : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "r = 6.;\t\t\t #cm\n", + "d = 10./100;\t\t\t#m\n", + "L = 12.5/100;\t\t\t#m\n", + "Pmi = 2.6;\t\t \t#bar\n", + "W = 60.;\t\t \t#N\n", + "S = 19.;\t\t\t #N\n", + "R = 40./100;\t\t\t#m\n", + "mf = 1.;\t \t\t#Kg/hr\n", + "mf = mf/60/60;\t\t\t#Kg/sec\n", + "CV = 42000.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "N = 2000.; \t\t\t#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation and Results\n", + "A = math.pi/4*d**2;\t\t\t#m**2\n", + "n = N/2;\t\t\t#no. of strokes/min\n", + "IP = Pmi*10**5*A*L*n/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "print \"Indicated Power in KW : %.3f\"%IP\n", + "\n", + "BP = (W-S)*R*2*math.pi*N/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "print \"Brake Power in KW : %.3f\"%BP\n", + "Etta_m = BP/IP*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Mechanical efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_m\n", + "Etta_o = BP/mf/CV*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Overall efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_o\n", + "Gamma = 1.4;\t\t\t#consmath.tant\n", + "Etta_a = (1-1/(r**(Gamma-1)))*100 ;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Air standard efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_a\n", + "Etta_r = Etta_o/Etta_a*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Relative efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_r\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Indicated Power in KW : 4.254\n", + "Brake Power in KW : 3.435\n", + "Mechanical efficiency in % : 80.74\n", + "Overall efficiency in % : 29.44\n", + "Air standard efficiency in % : 51.16\n", + "Relative efficiency in % : 57.54\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.4 Page No : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "IP = 50.;\t\t\t #KW\n", + "Vf = 16.;\t\t\t #litre/hr\n", + "Sp_gravity_fuel = 0.755;\n", + "CV = 44500.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "N = 3000.;\t \t\t#rpm\n", + "Pmi = 5.2;\t\t \t#bar\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation and Results\n", + "mf = Vf*10**-3*Sp_gravity_fuel*1000;\t\t\t#Kg/hr\n", + "mf = mf/3600;\t\t\t#Kg/s\n", + "Etta_i = IP/mf/CV*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Indicated thermal efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_i\n", + "\n", + "#IP = Pmi*10**5*math.pi/4*d**2*L*N/2/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "d = (IP*60*1000/Pmi/10**5/(math.pi/4)/1.1/(N/2))**(1./3);\t\t\t#meter(L = 1.1*d)\n", + "print \"Bore in cm : %.2f\"%(d*100)\n", + "L = 1.1*d;\t\t\t#meter\n", + "print \"Length of stroke in cm : %.3f\"%(L*100)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Indicated thermal efficiency in % : 33.48\n", + "Bore in cm : 16.45\n", + "Length of stroke in cm : 18.096\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5 Page No : 25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "Vs = 5.7;\t\t\t#litre\n", + "Vs = Vs/1000;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "Pm = 600.;\t\t\t#KN/m**2\n", + "N = 800.;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n = N/2;\t\t\t#No. of strokes/min\n", + "IP = Pm*Vs*n/60;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Indicated power of Engine in KW : \",IP\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Indicated power of Engine in KW : 22.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.6 Page No : 25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "n1 = 6.;\t\t\t#cylinders\n", + "IP = 100.;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "N = 800.;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "Lbyd = 1.25;\t\t\t#stroke to bore ratio\n", + "Etta_m = 80./100;\n", + "bmep = 5.;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n = N/2;\t\t\t#No. of strokes/min\n", + "#IP = Pm*math.pi/4*d**2*d*Lbyd*n/60000\n", + "d = (IP/(bmep*math.pi/4*Lbyd*n/60000))**(1/3);\t\t\t#m\n", + "L = Lbyd*d;\t\t\t#m\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Diameter in meter : \",d\n", + "print \"Length ofstroke in meter : \",L\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t#Solution is not complete in the book.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Diameter in meter : 1.0\n", + "Length ofstroke in meter : 1.25\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.7 Page No : 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "d = 110./1000;\t\t\t#m\n", + "L = 140./1000;\t\t\t#m\n", + "Pmi = 600.;\t\t\t#KN/m**2\n", + "N = 1000.;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "n = N;\t\t\t#strokes/min(for 2 stroke)\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "A = math.pi/4*d**2;\t\t\t#m**2\n", + "IP = Pmi*A*L*n/60;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Indicated power of the engine in KW : %.3f\"%IP\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Indicated power of the engine in KW : 13.305\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.8 Page No : 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "n1 = 6.;\t\t\t#cylinders\n", + "IP = 150.;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "N = 800.;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "TwoLN = 320.;\t\t\t#m/s\n", + "Lbyd = 1.2;\t\t\t#stroke to bore ratio\n", + "Pmi = 650.;\t\t\t#Kn/m**2\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#IP = n1*Pmi*(math.pi/4*d**2)*L*n/60;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "d = math.sqrt(IP/n1/Pmi/(math.pi/4)*2/TwoLN*2*60);\t\t\t#meter(L*N replaced by TwoLN/2)\n", + "L = Lbyd*d;\t\t\t#in meter\n", + "N = TwoLN/2/L;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Engine crank shaft speed in rpm : %.2f\"%N\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Engine crank shaft speed in rpm : 695.73\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.9 Page No : 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "d = 250./1000;\t\t\t#meter\n", + "L = 400./1000;\t\t\t#meter\n", + "Pmi = 6.50;\t\t\t #bar\n", + "N = 250.;\t\t\t #rpm\n", + "NetBrakeLoad = 1080.;\t\t#N\n", + "Db = 1.5;\t \t\t#meter\n", + "mf = 10.;\t\t \t#Kg/hr\n", + "mf = mf/60./60;\t\t\t#Kg/sec\n", + "CV = 44300.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation and Results\n", + "n = N/2;\t\t\t#stroke/min\n", + "IP = Pmi*10**5*(math.pi/4*d**2)*L*n/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "print \"Indicated Power in KW : %.2f\"%IP\n", + "\n", + "Rb = Db/2;\t\t\t#meter\n", + "BP = NetBrakeLoad*Rb*2*math.pi*N/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "print \"Brake Power in KW : %.3f\"%BP\n", + "Etta_m = BP/IP*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Mechanical Efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_m\n", + "Etta_i = IP/mf/CV*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Indicated Thermal Efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_i\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Indicated Power in KW : 26.59\n", + "Brake Power in KW : 21.206\n", + "Mechanical Efficiency in % : 79.75\n", + "Indicated Thermal Efficiency in % : 21.61\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.10 Page No : 27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "mf = 20.;\t\t\t#Kg/hr\n", + "BP = 80.;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "Etta_m = 80./100;\n", + "CV = 45000.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "bsfc = mf/BP;\t\t\t#break specified fuel consumption in Kg/KWh\n", + "print \"Break specified fuel consumption in Kg/KWh : \",bsfc\n", + "\n", + "IP = BP/Etta_m;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "mf = mf/60/60;\t\t\t#Kg/s\n", + "n = mf/100;\t\t\t#Kg/KWh\n", + "Etta_b = BP/mf/CV*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Break Efficiency in % : \",Etta_b\n", + "Etta_I = Etta_b/Etta_m;\t\t\t#\n", + "print \"Indicated thermal Efficiency in % : \",Etta_I\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Break specified fuel consumption in Kg/KWh : 0.25\n", + "Break Efficiency in % : 32.0\n", + "Indicated thermal Efficiency in % : 40.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.11 Page No : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "d = 270./1000;\t\t\t#meter\n", + "L = 380./1000;\t\t\t#meter\n", + "Pmi = 6.;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "N = 350.;\t\t\t#rpm\n", + "WsubS = 1000.;\t\t\t#N\n", + "Db = 1.5;\t\t\t#meter\n", + "mf = 10.;\t\t\t#Kg/hr\n", + "CV = 44400.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "IP = Pmi*10**5*(math.pi/4*d**2)*L*N/2/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "print \"Indicated Power in KW : %.3f\"%IP\n", + "\n", + "BP = (WsubS)*math.pi*Db*N/60/1000;\t\t\t#KW\n", + "print \"Brake Power in KW : %.2f\"%BP\n", + "\n", + "Etta_m = BP/IP*100;\t\t\t#%\n", + "print \"Mechanical Efficiency in %% : %.1f\"%Etta_m\n", + "\n", + "mf = mf/60/60;\t\t\t#Kg/s\n", + "Etta_b = BP/mf/CV*100;\t\t\t#\n", + "print \"Indicated thermal Efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%Etta_b\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Indicated Power in KW : 38.075\n", + "Brake Power in KW : 27.49\n", + "Mechanical Efficiency in % : 72.2\n", + "Indicated thermal Efficiency in % : 22.29\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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