diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Thermodynamics_Demystified/Chapter3.ipynb')
| -rwxr-xr-x | Thermodynamics_Demystified/Chapter3.ipynb | 330 |
1 files changed, 330 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_Demystified/Chapter3.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_Demystified/Chapter3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..f646fae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Thermodynamics_Demystified/Chapter3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,330 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:f6a6bb505322436c23c138c1e60d951ed65e1f5f903d0d7ef3e7664203b1c411"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3:Work and Heat"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3.1:PG-45"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#initialization of variables\n",
+ "m=1 # mass in kg\n",
+ "x=20.0/100.0 #quality of steam\n",
+ "P=200 #constant pressure in kPa\n",
+ "T1=100 #temperature intitial in degree centigrade\n",
+ "T2=400 #temperature final in degree centigrade\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# first we find initial volume v1 and final volume v2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# using table C.2\n",
+ "vf=0.001061 # specific volume of saturated liquid in m^3 per kg \n",
+ "vg=0.8857 # specific volume of saturated vapour in m^3 per kg \n",
+ "\n",
+ "v1=vf+x*(vg-vf);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v2=1.549 # specific volume of steam in m^3 per kg at T2=400*C and P2=0.2MPa\n",
+ "# now calculate work\n",
+ "W=m*P*(v2-v1); # work done in constant pressure process\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print \"Work done is\",round(W,2),\" kJ\" # work is in kJ as pressure was in kPa"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Work done is 274.2 kJ\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3.2:PG-46"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialization of variables\n",
+ "D=110.0/1000.0 # diameter of cylinder in m\n",
+ "V1=100e-6 # initial volume@ state 1 in m^3\n",
+ "T1=60.0 # initial temp @ state 1 in *C\n",
+ "T2=200.0 # final temo @ state 2 in *C\n",
+ "M=50 # weight of piston in kg\n",
+ "g=9.81 # gravitational accleration in m/sec^2\n",
+ "Patm=100000 # atmospheric pressure in Pa\n",
+ "A=math.pi*(D**2)/4 # area of piston in m^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# BALANCING THE FORCES To GET PRESSURE P\n",
+ "# M.g=P.A-Patm\n",
+ "P=Patm+(M*g/A) # atm pressure is added to get absolute pressure\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v1=0.001017 # specific volume at 60*C and 0.15Mpa pressure\n",
+ "m=V1/v1; # mass of water in kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# find volume at state 2 \n",
+ "v2=1.444 # specific volume of steam at 200*C and 0.15 MPa\n",
+ "V2=m*v2 # final volume in m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "W=P*(V2-V1)/1000; # work done divided by 1000 to get in kJ\n",
+ "# result\n",
+ "print \"The work done is\",round(W,1),\" kJ\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The work done is 21.5 kJ\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3.3:PG-47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#initialization of variables\n",
+ "P1=200 # initial pressure in kPa\n",
+ "V1=2 # initial volume in m^3\n",
+ "P2=100 # final pressure in kPa\n",
+ "C=P1*V1 # isothermal process i.e P.V=constant\n",
+ "# find final volume \n",
+ "V2=P1*V1/P2 # final volume by P1.V1=P2.V2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "from scipy.integrate import quad\n",
+ " \n",
+ "def integrand(v,C):\n",
+ " return C/v\n",
+ "W, err =quad(integrand, V1, V2,C ) # itegrating over volume to get work\n",
+ "# result\n",
+ "print \"The Work done by gas is\",int(W),\" kJ\" # answer is approximated in textbook"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The Work done by gas is 277 kJ\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3.4:PG-48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# initialization of variables\n",
+ "M=100 # mass in kg\n",
+ "d=3 # depth by which mass drops in m\n",
+ "V=0.002 # increased volume in m^3\n",
+ "g=9.8 # gravitational accleration in m/sec^2\n",
+ "Pgauge=100*1000 # gauge pressure in N/m\n",
+ "Patm =100*1000 # atmospheric pressure in N/m\n",
+ "P=Pgauge+Patm # to get absolute pressure\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculate work done by paddle wheel\n",
+ "Wpaddlewheel=(-M*g*d) # work is negative as it is done on the system\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculate work done on piston it \n",
+ "Wboundary=P*V # area mulitiplied by height is volume thus W=P.V \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#net work\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Wnet=Wpaddlewheel+Wboundary; # Work in joule as SI units are used\n",
+ "print \"The Net Work done is \",round(Wnet),\" J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The Net Work done is -2540.0 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3.5:PG-51"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "# initialization of variables\n",
+ "T=100 # torque of shaft in N.m\n",
+ "N=3000 # rotation speed in rpm\n",
+ "omega=(N*2*math.pi/60) # angular velocity in rad/sec\n",
+ "# calculation of power\n",
+ "Wdot=(T*omega); # power is work done per unit time\n",
+ "print \"Power transmitted is\",round(Wdot/746,1),\" hp\" # divided by 746 to convert W into hp\n",
+ "#answer is approximated in textbook"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power transmitted is 42.1 hp\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3.6:PG-51"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "# initialization of variables\n",
+ "D=10.0/100 # diameter of cylinder in m\n",
+ "d=50.0/1000 # compression in spring in m\n",
+ "Patm=100000 # atmospheric pressure in Pa\n",
+ "K=10.0*1000 # spring constant converted in N/m\n",
+ "w=50*9.81 # weight of piston in Newton =mass*gravitational acceleration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# find the initial pressure in cylinder by force balance\n",
+ "A=(math.pi*D**2)/4; # area of piston\n",
+ "P1=((Patm*A)+w)/A; # balancing forces on piston P1.A=Patm.A+W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# work done by air to raise the piston for 50mm if spring not present\n",
+ "Wgas=P1*A*d; # pressure*area= force and Work = Force* displacement\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# work done on spring to compress\n",
+ "Wspring=(K*d**2)/2; # Work in j\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# now total work done by air is sum of two works\n",
+ "Wnet=Wgas+Wspring; # Work in j\n",
+ "# result\n",
+ "print \"The net work done by air is\",round(Wnet,1),\" J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The net work done by air is 76.3 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3.7:PG-53"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# variable initialization\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=2 # distance travelled by weight in m\n",
+ "m=50 # mass of weight in kg\n",
+ "g=9.8 # gravitaional acceleration in m/sec^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculation of work in non-quasiequilibrium process\n",
+ "W=m*g*d; # work in joules\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# the work done must be transferred as heat\n",
+ "Q=W;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"The heat that must transfer is \",int(Q),\" Joules\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The heat that must transfer is 980 Joules\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 45
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |