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diff --git a/Thermodynamics_An_Engineering_Approach/Chapter10.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_An_Engineering_Approach/Chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..df284751 --- /dev/null +++ b/Thermodynamics_An_Engineering_Approach/Chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,628 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 10: Vapor and Combined Power Cycles"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-1 ,Page No.555"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "P1=75;#outlet pressure at compressor in kPa\n",
+ "P2=3000;#inlet pressure at turbine in kPa\n",
+ "P3=P2;\n",
+ "T3=350;#steam inlet temperature in C\n",
+ "P4=P1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from steam tables\n",
+ "#at state 1\n",
+ "v1=0.001037;\n",
+ "h1=384.44;\n",
+ "#at state 3\n",
+ "h3=3116.1;\n",
+ "s3=6.7450;\n",
+ "#at state 4\n",
+ "s4=s3;\n",
+ "sf=1.2132;\n",
+ "sfg=6.2426;\n",
+ "hf=384.44;\n",
+ "hfg=2278;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "win=v1*(P2-P1);\n",
+ "h2=h1+win;\n",
+ "x4=(s4-sf)/sfg;\n",
+ "h4=hf+x4*hfg;\n",
+ "qin=h3-h2;\n",
+ "qout=h4-h1;\n",
+ "nth=1-(qout/qin);\n",
+ "print'thermal efficency is %f'%round(nth,3)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "thermal efficency is 0.260000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-2 ,Page No.559"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "#from figure\n",
+ "P1=9;#in kPa\n",
+ "T1=38;#in C\n",
+ "P2=16000;#in kPa\n",
+ "P3=15.9;#in MPa\n",
+ "T3=35;#in C\n",
+ "P4=15.2;#in MPa\n",
+ "T4=625;#in C\n",
+ "P5=15;#in MPa\n",
+ "T5=600;#in C\n",
+ "#from question\n",
+ "nT=0.87;#isentropic efficiency of turbine \n",
+ "nP=0.85;#isentropic efficiency of pump\n",
+ "m=15;#mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from steam tables\n",
+ "v1=0.001009;\n",
+ "h5=3583.1;\n",
+ "h6s=2115.3;\n",
+ "h4=3647.6;\n",
+ "h3=160.1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "Win=v1*(P2-P1)/nP;\n",
+ "Wout=nT*(h5-h6s);\n",
+ "qin=h4-h3;\n",
+ "Wnet=Wout-Win;\n",
+ "nth=Wnet/qin;\n",
+ "print'thermal efficency is %f'%round(nth,3)\n",
+ "Wnet=m*Wnet;\n",
+ "print'power output %f MW'%round(Wnet/1000,2)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "thermal efficency is 0.361000\n",
+ "power output 18.870000 MW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-3 ,Page No.562"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "P1=10;#outlet pressure at compressor in kPa\n",
+ "P2=3000;#inlet pressure at turbine in kPa\n",
+ "P3=P2;\n",
+ "T3=350;#steam inlet temperature in C\n",
+ "P4=P1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from steam tables\n",
+ "#at state 1\n",
+ "h1=191.81;\n",
+ "v1=0.00101;\n",
+ "#at state 2\n",
+ "#s2=s1\n",
+ "#at state 3\n",
+ "h3=3116.1;\n",
+ "s3=6.7450;\n",
+ "#at state 4\n",
+ "s4=s3;\n",
+ "sf=0.6492;\n",
+ "sfg=7.4996;\n",
+ "hf=191.81;\n",
+ "hfg=2392.1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "#part - a\n",
+ "win=v1*(P2-P1);\n",
+ "h2=h1+win;\n",
+ "x4=(s4-sf)/sfg;\n",
+ "h4=hf+x4*hfg;\n",
+ "qin=h3-h2;\n",
+ "qout=h4-h1;\n",
+ "nth=1-(qout/qin);\n",
+ "print'the thermal efficiency of this power plant is %f'%round(nth,3);\n",
+ "#part - b\n",
+ "#States 1 and 2 remain the same in this case, and the enthalpies at state 3 (3 MPa and 600\u00b0C) and state 4 (10 kPa and s4=s3) are determined to be\n",
+ "h3=3682.8;\n",
+ "h4=2380.3;\n",
+ "x4=0.915;\n",
+ "qin=h3-h2;\n",
+ "qout=h4-h1;\n",
+ "nth=1-(qout/qin);\n",
+ "print'the thermal efficiency if steam is superheated to 600\u00b0 instead of 350\u00b0C is %f'%round(nth,3);\n",
+ "#part - c\n",
+ "#State 1 remains the same in this case, but the other states change. The enthalpies at state 2 (15 MPa and s2 s1), state 3 (15 MPa and 600\u00b0C),and state 4 (10 kPa and s4 s3) are determined in a similar manner to be\n",
+ "h2=206.95;\n",
+ "h3=3583.1;\n",
+ "h4=2115.3;\n",
+ "x4=0.804;\n",
+ "qin=h3-h2;\n",
+ "qout=h4-h1;\n",
+ "nth=1-(qout/qin);\n",
+ "print'the thermal efficiency if the boiler pressure is raised to 15 MPa while the turbine inlet temperature is maintained at 600\u00b0C is %f'%round(nth,3);\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "the thermal efficiency of this power plant is 0.334000\n",
+ "the thermal efficiency if steam is superheated to 600\u00b0 instead of 350\u00b0C is 0.373000\n",
+ "the thermal efficiency if the boiler pressure is raised to 15 MPa while the turbine inlet temperature is maintained at 600\u00b0C is 0.430000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-4 ,Page No.566"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "P1=10;#outlet pressure at compressor in kPa\n",
+ "P2=15000;#inlet pressure at turbine in kPa\n",
+ "P3=P2;\n",
+ "T3=600;#steam inlet temperature in C\n",
+ "P4=4000;#in kPa\n",
+ "T5=T3;\n",
+ "P6=P1;\n",
+ "x6=0.896;#dryness fraction\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from steam table\n",
+ "#at state 1\n",
+ "h1=191.81;\n",
+ "v1=0.00101;\n",
+ "#at state 3\n",
+ "h3=3593.1;\n",
+ "s3=6.6796;\n",
+ "#at state 4\n",
+ "h4=3155;\n",
+ "T4=375.5;\n",
+ "#at state 6\n",
+ "sf=0.6492;\n",
+ "sfg=7.4996;\n",
+ "hf=191.81;\n",
+ "hfg=2392.1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "s6=sf+x6*sfg;\n",
+ "h6=hf+x6*hfg;\n",
+ "#s5 = s6\n",
+ "#from tables\n",
+ "P5=4000.0;#in kPa\n",
+ "h5=3674.9;\n",
+ "print'the pressure at which the steam should be reheated %i MPa'%(P5/1000);\n",
+ "#s2 = s1\n",
+ "win=v1*(P2-P1);\n",
+ "h2=h1+win;\n",
+ "qin=(h3-h2)+(h5-h4);\n",
+ "qout=h6-h1;\n",
+ "nth=1-(qout/qin);\n",
+ "print'thermal efficency is %f'%round(nth,3)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "the pressure at which the steam should be reheated 4 MPa\n",
+ "thermal efficency is 0.451000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-5 ,Page No.571"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "P1=10;#outlet pressure at compressor in kPa\n",
+ "P2=1200;#in kPa\n",
+ "P3=P2;\n",
+ "P4=15000;#inlet pressure at turbine in kPa\n",
+ "P5=P4;\n",
+ "T5=600;#steam inlet temperature in C\n",
+ "P6=P2;\n",
+ "P7=P1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from steam table\n",
+ "#at state 1\n",
+ "h1=191.81;\n",
+ "v1=0.00101;\n",
+ "#at state 3\n",
+ "h3=798.33;\n",
+ "v3=0.001138;\n",
+ "#at state 4\n",
+ "h4=3155;\n",
+ "T4=375.5;\n",
+ "#at state 5\n",
+ "h5=3583.1;\n",
+ "s5=6.6796;\n",
+ "#at state 6\n",
+ "h6=2860.2;\n",
+ "T6=218.4;\n",
+ "#at state 7\n",
+ "P7=10;\n",
+ "sf=0.6492;\n",
+ "sfg=7.4996;\n",
+ "hf=191.81;\n",
+ "hfg=2392.1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "#s2 = s1\n",
+ "win=v1*(P2-P1);\n",
+ "h2=h1+win;\n",
+ "#s4 = s3\n",
+ "win=v3*(P4-P3);\n",
+ "h4=h3+win;\n",
+ "s7=s5;\n",
+ "x7=(s7-sf)/sfg;\n",
+ "h7=hf+(x7*hfg);\n",
+ "#y is the fraction of steam extracted from the turbine\n",
+ "y=(h3-h2)/(h6-h2);\n",
+ "qin=h5-h4;\n",
+ "qout=(1-y)*(h7-h1);\n",
+ "nth=1-(qout/qin);\n",
+ "print'fraction of steam extracted is %f'%round(y,4);\n",
+ "print'thermal efficency is %f'%round(nth,3)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "fraction of steam extracted is 0.226900\n",
+ "thermal efficency is 0.463000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-6 ,Page No.574"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "P1=10;#outlet pressure at compressor in kPa\n",
+ "P2=500;#steam extracted from low-pressure turbine in kPa\n",
+ "P3=P2;\n",
+ "P4=15000;#inlet pressure at turbine in kPa\n",
+ "P5=P4;\n",
+ "P6=4000;#steam extracted from turbine at pressure in kPa\n",
+ "P7=P5;\n",
+ "P8=P7;\n",
+ "P9=P7;\n",
+ "P10=P6;\n",
+ "P11=P10;\n",
+ "P12=P3;\n",
+ "P13=P1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#enthalpies at the various states and the pump work per unit mass of fluid flowing through them are\n",
+ "h1=191.81;\n",
+ "h2=192.30;\n",
+ "h3=640.09;\n",
+ "h4=643.92;\n",
+ "h5=1087.4;\n",
+ "h6=h5;\n",
+ "h7=1101.2;\n",
+ "h8=1089.8;\n",
+ "h9=3583.1;\n",
+ "h10=3155;\n",
+ "h11=3679.9;\n",
+ "h12=3014.8;\n",
+ "h13=2335.7;\n",
+ "wIin=0.49;\n",
+ "wIIin=3.83;\n",
+ "wIIIin=13.77;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "y=(h5-h4)/((h10-h6)+(h5-h4));\n",
+ "z=(1-y)*(h3-h2)/(h12-h2);\n",
+ "h8=(1-y)*h5+(y*h7);\n",
+ "qin=(h9-h8)+(1-y)*(h11-h10);\n",
+ "qout=(1-y-z)*(h13-h1);\n",
+ "nth=1-(qout/qin);\n",
+ "print'fraction of steam extracted from closed feedwater is %f'%round(y,4);\n",
+ "print'fraction of steam extracted from open feedwater is %f'%round(z,4);\n",
+ "print'thermal efficency is %f'%round(nth,3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "fraction of steam extracted from closed feedwater is 0.176600\n",
+ "fraction of steam extracted from open feedwater is 0.130600\n",
+ "thermal efficency is 0.492000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-7 ,Page No.577"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "T0=290;#temperature at heat which is rejected in K \n",
+ "Tsource=1600;#temperature of furnace in K\n",
+ "Tsink=T0;\n",
+ "#from Ex 10.1\n",
+ "qin=2728.6;#in kJ/Kg\n",
+ "qout=2018.6;#in kJ/Kg\n",
+ "h4=2403;#in kJ/Kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from steam tables\n",
+ "s1=1.2132;\n",
+ "s3=6.7450;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "s2=s1;s4=s3;#isentropic processes\n",
+ "xdest12=0;\n",
+ "xdest34=0;\n",
+ "xdest23=T0*(s3-s2-(qin/Tsource));\n",
+ "xdest41=T0*(s1-s4+(qout/Tsink));\n",
+ "print'exergy destruction in process 1-2 %i kJ/kg'%xdest12;\n",
+ "print'exergy destruction in process 2-3 %i kJ/kg'%round(xdest23);\n",
+ "print'exergy destruction in process 3-4 %i kJ/kg'%xdest34;\n",
+ "print'exergy destruction in process 4-1 %i kJ/kg'%round(xdest41);\n",
+ "xdestcy=xdest12+xdest23+xdest34+xdest41;\n",
+ "print'exergy destruction %i cycle in kJ/kg'%round(xdestcy);\n",
+ "#from steam tables\n",
+ "#at 290 K and 100 kPa\n",
+ "h0=71.355;\n",
+ "s0=0.2533;\n",
+ "X4=(h4-h0)-T0*(s4-s0);\n",
+ "print'exergy of the leaving steam %i kJ/kg'%(round(X4))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "exergy destruction in process 1-2 0 kJ/kg\n",
+ "exergy destruction in process 2-3 1110 kJ/kg\n",
+ "exergy destruction in process 3-4 0 kJ/kg\n",
+ "exergy destruction in process 4-1 414 kJ/kg\n",
+ "exergy destruction 1524 cycle in kJ/kg\n",
+ "exergy of the leaving steam 449 kJ/kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-8 ,Page No.581"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "m1=15;#mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+ "P1=7000;#inlet pressure at turbine in kPa\n",
+ "P2=P1;\n",
+ "P3=P1;\n",
+ "P4=500;#throttled to pressure in kPa\n",
+ "P5=P4;\n",
+ "P6=5;#steam expanded at a pressure in kPa\n",
+ "P7=P4;\n",
+ "P8=P6;\n",
+ "P9=P1;\n",
+ "P10=P1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from steam tables\n",
+ "v7=0.001005;\n",
+ "v8=0.001093;\n",
+ "h1=3411.4;\n",
+ "h2=h1;\n",
+ "h3=h1;\n",
+ "h4=h1;\n",
+ "h5=2739.3;\n",
+ "h6=2073.0;\n",
+ "h7=640.09;\n",
+ "h8=137.75;\n",
+ "h11=144.78;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "wIin=v8*(P9-P8);\n",
+ "wIIin=v7*(P10-P7);\n",
+ "h9=h8+wIin;\n",
+ "h10=h7+wIIin;\n",
+ "Qmax=m1*(h1-h7);\n",
+ "print'the maximum rate %i kW'%round(Qmax);\n",
+ "Wtout=m1*(h3-h6);#turbine\n",
+ "Wpin=m1*wIin;#pump\n",
+ "Wnet=Wtout-Wpin;\n",
+ "print'the power produced %i MW'%(round(Wnet/1000));\n",
+ "Qp=0;\n",
+ "Qin=m1*(h1-h11);\n",
+ "Eu=(Wnet+Qp)/Qin;\n",
+ "print'the utilization factor is %f'%round(Eu,3);\n",
+ "m4=0.1*m1;\n",
+ "m5=0.7*m1;\n",
+ "m7=m4+m5;\n",
+ "Qout=m4*h4+m5*h5-m7*h7;\n",
+ "print'the rate of process heat supply %f MW'%round(Qout/1000,1)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "the maximum rate 41570 kW\n",
+ "the power produced 20 MW\n",
+ "the utilization factor is 0.407000\n",
+ "the rate of process heat supply 26.200000 MW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10-9 ,Page No.585"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given data\n",
+ "P1=5;#intial pressure in kPa\n",
+ "P2=7000;#final pressure ink Pa\n",
+ "P3=P2;\n",
+ "T3=500;#inlet temperature in K\n",
+ "P4=P1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#gas cycle from Ex9-6\n",
+ "#d stands for '\n",
+ "h4d=880.36;\n",
+ "T4d=853;\n",
+ "qin=790.58;\n",
+ "wnetg=210.41;\n",
+ "nth=0.266\n",
+ "h5d=451.80;\n",
+ "#steam cycle\n",
+ "h2=144.78;\n",
+ "T2=33;\n",
+ "h3=3411.4;\n",
+ "T3=500;\n",
+ "wnets=1331.4;\n",
+ "nth=0.408;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "#Ein = Eout\n",
+ "#y is the ratio of ms/mg\n",
+ "y=(h4d-h5d)/(h3-h2);\n",
+ "print'the ratio of the mass flow rates of the steam and the combustion gasesis %f'%round(y,3);\n",
+ "wnet=wnetg+y*wnets\n",
+ "nth=wnet/qin;\n",
+ "print'thermal efficency is %f'%round(nth,3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "the ratio of the mass flow rates of the steam and the combustion gasesis 0.131000\n",
+ "thermal efficency is 0.487000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |