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diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_S._l._Somasundaram/Ch6.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_S._l._Somasundaram/Ch6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7023435a --- /dev/null +++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_S._l._Somasundaram/Ch6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:47887a5fe64bcdb1db8d919c251d94ea2cf263291e845fbab558fde5e1556060" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ch-6 : Steam Turbines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex - 6.1 : Pg - 247" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import cos, sin, atan, acos, sqrt\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "c=400 #steam speed in m/s\n", + "alpla=12 #angle in degrees\n", + "cwo=0\n", + "pi=(22/7)\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "u=c*cos(12*(pi/180))/2\n", + "cwi=c*cos(12*(pi/180))\n", + "cfi=c*sin(12*(180/pi))\n", + "thetha=atan(cfi/(cwi-u))*(pi/180)\n", + "cro=sqrt((cfi)**2+(cwi-u)**2)\n", + "phi=acos(u/cro)*(180/pi)\n", + "wo=(cwi-cwo)*u\n", + "ke=(c)**2/2\n", + "eff=wo/ke\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'blade efficiency is %0.3f'%(eff)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "blade efficiency is 0.957\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex - 6.2 : Pg - 248" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import asin\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "hd=159 #heat drop in kj/kg\n", + "eff=0.89 #and its corresponding efficiency is mentioned\n", + "ra=0.4 #ratio of blade speed to steam speed\n", + "sp=3000 #rotational speed of an impulse turbine wheel in revolutions\n", + "a=20 #angle is 20 degrees\n", + "beff=0.76 #blade efficiency\n", + "cwo=5.4 #m/s\n", + "pi=(22/7)\n", + "bvc=0.82 #blade velocity coefficient\n", + "m=15 #mass is 15 kgs\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "ci=44.72*sqrt(eff*hd)\n", + "u=ci*ra\n", + "dm=(60*u)/(sp*0.3184)\n", + "cfi=ci*sin(20*(pi/180))\n", + "cwi=ci*cos(20*(pi/180))\n", + "cri=sqrt((cwi-u)**2+(cfi)**2)\n", + "cro=bvc*cri\n", + "x=(beff*(ci)**2)/(2*u) #x=cwi-cwo\n", + "theta=atan((cfi/(cwi-u)))*(180/pi)\n", + "cfo=sqrt((cro)**2-(cwo+u)**2)\n", + "co=sqrt((cwo)**2+(cfo)**2)\n", + "bet=(asin(cfo/co))*(180/pi)\n", + "pd=(m*x*u)/1000\n", + "re=hd-(pd/15)\n", + "phi=asin((cfo/cro))*(180/pi)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'mean blade ring diameter is %0.3fm'%(dm) #textbook answer is wrong\n", + "print '\\npower developed is %0.2f kW'%(pd)\n", + "print '\\nresidual energy at out let foe friction and nozzle efficiency is %0.1f kW/kg'%(re)\n", + "print '\\nblade angles are %0.1f, %0.1f, %0.1f'%(theta,bet,phi)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mean blade ring diameter is 13.366m\n", + "\n", + "power developed is 1613.12 kW\n", + "\n", + "residual energy at out let foe friction and nozzle efficiency is 51.5 kW/kg\n", + "\n", + "blade angles are 32.4, 88.2, 38.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex - 6.3 : Pg - 254" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import tan\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "alpha=20 #angle in degrees\n", + "theta=27 #angle in degrees\n", + "m=10 #kgs\n", + "vs=0.4799 #specific volume in m*m*m/kg\n", + "pi=(22/7)\n", + "u=100 #blade speed in m/s\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "ci=u*tan(27*(pi/180))/(cos(20*(pi/180))*tan(27*(pi/180))-sin(20*(pi/180)))\n", + "x=2*ci*cos(20*(pi/180))-u\n", + "pd=m*x*u\n", + "cf=ci*sin(20*(pi/180))\n", + "a=(m*vs)/cf\n", + "dm=sqrt(a/(0.08*pi))\n", + "h=0.08*dm\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'power developed is %0.f KW'%(pd/1e3)\n", + "print '\\narea of flow is %0.5f m*m'%(a)\n", + "print '\\nblade height is %0.f mm'%(h*1e3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power developed is 600 KW\n", + "\n", + "area of flow is 0.03765 m*m\n", + "\n", + "blade height is 31 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex - 6.4 : Pg - 255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "sp=1500 #rotational speed of an impulse turbine wheel in revolutions\n", + "pi=(22/7)\n", + "dm=1.5 #diameter in m\n", + "ra=0.8 #ratio of blade speed to steam speed\n", + "x=159 #x=cwi-cwo in m/s\n", + "m=10 #kgs mass\n", + "cf=50.4 #m*m*m/kg\n", + "vs=1.159 #\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "u=(pi*dm*sp)/60\n", + "ci=u/ra\n", + "pd=(m*x*u)/1000\n", + "a=(m*vs)/cf\n", + "h=a/(pi*dm)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'power developed for steam flow is %0.1f kW'%(pd)\n", + "print '\\nheight of the blade is %0.4f m'%(h)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power developed for steam flow is 187.4 kW\n", + "\n", + "height of the blade is 0.0488 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex - 6.5 : Pg - 258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "u=170 #blade velocity in m/s\n", + "ra=0.2 #ratio of blade speed to steam speed\n", + "cril=696 #m/s\n", + "co1=0.84 #velocity coefficient \n", + "co2=0.87 #velocity coefficient\n", + "co3=0.90 #velocity coefficient\n", + "cri2=232 #m/s\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "ci=u/ra\n", + "crol=cril*co1\n", + "ci2=crol*co2\n", + "cro2=cri2*co3\n", + "wd=(1176+344)*u*10**-3\n", + "beff=wd*1000*2/(ci**2)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'work developed in the blade is %0.1f kJ/kg'%(wd)\n", + "print '\\nblading efficiency is %0.3f '%(beff)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "work developed in the blade is 258.4 kJ/kg\n", + "\n", + "blading efficiency is 0.715 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex - 6.6 : Pg - 262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "u=250 #blade speed in m/s\n", + "theta=80 #angle in degrees\n", + "alpha=20 #angle in degrees\n", + "oed=786.7 #overall enthalpic drop in kj/kg\n", + "sp=3000 #rotational speed of an impulse turbine wheel in revolutions\n", + "p=6000 #power developed in kw\n", + "rf=1.04 #reheat factor\n", + "ie=2993.4 #kj/kg\n", + "vs=9.28 #m*m*m/kg\n", + "pi=(22/7)\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "ci=(u*sin(100*(pi/180)))/sin(60*(pi/180))\n", + "x=(2*ci*cos(20*(pi/180)))-u #x=cwi-cwo\n", + "wd=x*u*10**-3\n", + "ed=wd*10\n", + "teff=ed/oed\n", + "seff=teff/rf\n", + "m=p/ed\n", + "ae=ie-ed\n", + "cf=ci*sin(20*(pi/180))\n", + "a=(m*vs)/cf\n", + "dm=(60*u)/(pi*sp)\n", + "h=a/(pi*dm)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'enthalpy drop is %0.f kJ/kg'%(ed)\n", + "print '\\nturbine efficiency is %0.3f'%(teff)\n", + "print '\\nstage efficiency is %0.3f'%(seff)\n", + "print '\\nmass flow of steam is %0.2f kg/s'%(m)\n", + "print '\\nblade height is %0.3f m'%(h)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "enthalpy drop is 710 kJ/kg\n", + "\n", + "turbine efficiency is 0.903\n", + "\n", + "stage efficiency is 0.868\n", + "\n", + "mass flow of steam is 8.45 kg/s\n", + "\n", + "blade height is 0.161 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex - 6.7 : Pg - 264" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "x1=3025 # according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x2=2262 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x3=2039 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x4=2896 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x5=2817 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x6=2728 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x7=2699 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x8=2592 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x9=2525 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x10=2430 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x11=2398 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x12=2262 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "x13=2192 #according to 20 bar pressure and 300 degrees temp\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "ieff=(x1-x2)/(x1-x3)\n", + "feff=(x1-x4)/(x1-x5)\n", + "seff=(x4-x6)/(x4-x7)\n", + "teff=(x6-x8)/(x6-x9)\n", + "oeff=(x8-x10)/(x8-x11)\n", + "yeff=(x10-x12)/(x10-x13)\n", + "ced=(x1-x5)+(x4-x7)+(x6-x9)+(x8-x11)+(x10-x13)\n", + "rf=ced/(x1-x3)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'cumulative enthaloy drop is %.f'%(ced)\n", + "print '\\nreheat factor is %.2f'%(rf)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "cumulative enthaloy drop is 1040\n", + "\n", + "reheat factor is 1.05\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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