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diff --git a/Solid_state_physics/Chapter_8.ipynb b/Solid_state_physics/Chapter_8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..161a8521 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_state_physics/Chapter_8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,436 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:fbb68fbb0713029438d419fcf28fa2bcf0bc60f8a093b90691d3e7397e7a942d" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 8:Magnetic Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.1, Page number 8.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "M = 1.4 #value of magnetic field when filled with iron\n", + "H = 6.5*10**-4 #value of magnetic field in the interior\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x = M/H\n", + "ur = 1+x\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Relative permeability of iron is\",round(ur,2),\"(Calculation mistake in textbook)\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Relative permeability of iron is 2154.85 (Calculation mistake in textbook)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.2, Page number 8.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "M = 3300 #value of magnetic filed(amp/m) \n", + "H = 220 #strength of magnetic filed(amp/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x = (M/H)+1\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Relative permeability of iron is\",round(x,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Relative permeability of iron is 16.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.3, Page number 8.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H = 10**6 #magnetic field intensity(amp/m)\n", + "x = 1.5*10**-3 #susceptibility\n", + "Uo = 4*pi*10**-7 \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M = x*H #magnetization of material\n", + "B = Uo*(M+H) #flux density\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Magnetization =\",round((M/1E+3),1),\"*10^3 A/m\"\n", + "print \"Flux density =\",round(B,3),\"T\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetization = 1.5 *10^3 A/m\n", + "Flux density = 1.259 T\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.4, Page number 8.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H = 10**4 #magnetic field intensity(amp/m)\n", + "x = 3.7*10**-3 #susceptibility\n", + "Uo = 4*pi*10**-7 \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M = x*H #magnetization of material\n", + "B = Uo*(M+H) #flux density\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Magnetization =\",M,\"A/m\"\n", + "print \"Flux density =\",round(B,4),\"wb/m^2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetization = 37.0 A/m\n", + "Flux density = 0.0126 wb/m^2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.5, Page number 8.14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "I = 500*10**-3 #current(A)\n", + "d = 10*10**-2 #diameter of loop(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "r = d/2 #radius(m)\n", + "A = 2*pi*r**2 #area(m^2)\n", + "Um = I*A\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Magnetic moment =\",round((Um/1E-3),3),\"*10^-3 A-m^2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetic moment = 7.854 *10^-3 A-m^2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.6, Page number 8.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "r = 5.29*10**-11 #radius of the orbit(m)\n", + "B = 2 #field strength(Tesla)\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19 #charge of an electron(C)\n", + "m = 9.108*10**-31 #mass of an electron(kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Uind = (e**2*r**2*B)/(4*m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Change in magnetic moment =\",round((Uind/1E-29),3),\"*10^-29 A-m^2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in magnetic moment = 3.943 *10^-29 A-m^2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.7, Page number 8.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#Varaible declaration\n", + "T1 = 350 #temperature(K)\n", + "x1 = 2.8*10**-4 #susceptibility at T1\n", + "T2 = 300 #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x2 = (x1*T1)/T2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Susceptibility at 300k is\",round((x2/1E-4),3),\"*10^-4\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Susceptibility at 300k is 3.267 *10^-4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.8, Page number 8.27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "from math import pi \n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "den = 8906 #density of nickel(kg/m^3)\n", + "N = 6.025*10**26 #Avogadro's number\n", + "Ma = 58.7 #atomic weight\n", + "Bs = 0.65 #magnetic induction(wb/m^2)\n", + "Uo = 4*pi*10**-7\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "n = (den*N)/Ma #no. of nickel atoms per m^3\n", + "\n", + "#Since x is very large, B = n*Uo*Um\n", + "Um = Bs/(n*Uo))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Magnetic moment =\",Um,\"A-m^2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetic moment = 5.65850692635e-24 A-m^2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.9, Page number 8.28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H = 2 #magnetic filed intensity(wb/m^2)\n", + "U = 9.4*10**-24\n", + "k = 1.38*10**-23\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "'''\n", + "n = c*no*exp(-Eg/kT) #no. of electrons\n", + "where Eg = -U*H\n", + "For parallel orientation,Eg = -U*H\n", + "For antiparallel orientation, Eg = U*H\n", + "therefore,\n", + "np = c*no*exp(U*H/kT) ---(1)\n", + "na = c*no*exp(-U*H/kT) ---(2)\n", + "Dividing (1) by (2), we get,'''\n", + "\n", + "T = (2*U*H)/(math.log(2)*k)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"T=\",round(T,1),\"K\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "T= 3.9 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.10, Page number 8.29" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Uo = 4*pi*10**-7\n", + "Ma = 157.26 #atomic weight og gadolinium\n", + "den = 7.8*10**3 #density(kg/m^3)\n", + "N = 6.025*10**26 #Avogadro's number\n", + "x = 7.1 #Bohr magnetron per atom\n", + "Um = 9.27*10**-24\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "n = (den*N)/Ma #no. of atoms in 1 kg\n", + "n1 = n*10**-3 #no. of atoms in 1 gm\n", + "M = n1*x*Um #magnetic moment per gram(a-m^2)\n", + "\n", + "Bs = n*Uo*Um #saturization magnetization\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Magnetic moment per gram =\",round(M,3),\"Am^2\"\n", + "print \"Saturization magnetization =\",round(Bs,3),\"Wb/m^2(Calculation mistake in textbok)\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetic moment per gram = 1966.851 Am^2\n", + "Saturization magnetization = 0.348 Wb/m^2(Calculation mistake in textbok)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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