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diff --git a/Solid_State_Electronics/Solid_State_electronics_Ch4.ipynb b/Solid_State_Electronics/Solid_State_electronics_Ch4.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..db0cddeb --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Electronics/Solid_State_electronics_Ch4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,950 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 4: Small signal amplifliers"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.1, Page No.118"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rc=4.7 # in ohm\n",
+ "Vcc=24.0 # in V\n",
+ "Ic1=0 # in A\n",
+ "Ic=1.5 # in mA\n",
+ "#this is given as 15 mA in textbook which is wrong\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc*10**-3*10**3)\n",
+ "Vce1=Vcc-Ic1*Rc\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i) Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = %.2f\"%Vce)\n",
+ "print(\"(ii) Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = %.f\"%Vce1)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = 16.95\n",
+ "(ii) Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = 24\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.2, Page No. 118"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# vce\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Beta=100.0\n",
+ "Rb=200*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+ "Rc=1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+ "Vcc=10.0 # in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ib=Vcc/Rb # in A\n",
+ "Ic=Beta*Ib # in A\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = %.f\"%Vce)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = 5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.3, Page No. 119"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# base resistance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vcc=20.0 # in V\n",
+ "Vbe=0.73 # in V\n",
+ "Rc=2.0 # in kilo-ohm\n",
+ "Icsat= Vcc/Rc #in mA\n",
+ "Beta=200.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#RCalculatons\n",
+ "Ib=(Icsat/Beta)*10**3 # in micro-A\n",
+ "Rb=((Vcc-Vbe)/(Ib))*10**3 # in kilo-ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Rb < %.f kilo-ohm\"%(math.ceil(Rb)))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rb < 386 kilo-ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.4, Page No. 119"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# operating point\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vcc=15.0 # in V\n",
+ "Rb=200.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Rc=2.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Beta=50.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ib=(Vcc/(Rb*10**3+(Beta*Rc*10**3)))*10**6\n",
+ "Ic=Beta*Ib*10**-3\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*10**-3*(Rc*10**3))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"collector current,Ic(mA) = %.1f\"%Ic)\n",
+ "print(\"Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = %.f\"%Vce)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "collector current,Ic(mA) = 2.5\n",
+ "Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.5, Page No. 120"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# resistor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vcc=15.0 # in V\n",
+ "Vce=6.0 # in V\n",
+ "Rc=3*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+ "Beta=50.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ic=(Vcc-Vce)/Rc\n",
+ "Ib=Ic/Beta;\n",
+ "Rb=((Vcc/Ib)-(Beta*Rc))*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The value of resistoe,Rb(k-ohm) = %.f\"%Rb)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The value of resistoe,Rb(k-ohm) = 100\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.6, Page No. 120"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# operating point\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vcc=12.0 # in V\n",
+ "Rb1=70.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Rb2=70.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Beta=50.0\n",
+ "Rc=2.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ib=Vcc/((Rb1+Rb2+(Beta*Rc))*10**3)\n",
+ "Ic=Beta*Ib*10**3\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector current,Ic(mA) = %.1f\"%Ic)\n",
+ "print(\"Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = %.f\"%Vce)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector current,Ic(mA) = 2.5\n",
+ "Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = 7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.7, Page No. 121"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# operating point\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vcc=9.0 # in V\n",
+ "Rb=50.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Rc=250.0 # in ohm\n",
+ "Re=500.0 # in ohm\n",
+ "Beta=80.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ib=Vcc/(Rb*10**3+(Beta*Re))\n",
+ "Ic=Beta*Ib*10**3\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*10**-3*(Rc+Re));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"collector current,Ic(mA) = %.f\"%Ic)\n",
+ "print(\"Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = %.f\"%Vce)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "collector current,Ic(mA) = 8\n",
+ "Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = 3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.8, Page No. 121"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# operating point\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "R2=4.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "R1=40.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Vcc=22.0 # in V\n",
+ "Rc=10.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Re=1.5 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Vbe=0.5 # in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Voc=R2*10**3*Vcc/((R1+R2)*10**3)\n",
+ "Ic=(Voc-Vbe)/(Re*10**3)\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ic*10**3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = %.1f\"%Vce)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector to emitter voltage,Vce(V) = 10.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.9, Page No.124"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# maximum collector current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Bv=12.0 # battery voltage in V\n",
+ "Cl=6.0 # collector load in k-ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "CC=Bv/Cl\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector current,(mA) = %.f\"%CC)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector current,(mA) = 2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.10, Page No. 125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# maximum collector current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Bv=12.0 # battery voltage in V\n",
+ "P=2.0 # power in Watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ic=(P/Bv)*10**3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The maximum collector current,Ic(mA) = %.1f\"%Ic)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The maximum collector current,Ic(mA) = 166.7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.11, Page No. 125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "del_ic=1.0 # in mA\n",
+ "del_ib=10.0 # in micro-A\n",
+ "del_Vbe=0.02 # in V\n",
+ "del_ib=10*10**-6 # in A\n",
+ "Rc=2.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Rl=10.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Beta=del_ic/(del_ib*10**3)\n",
+ "Ri=(del_Vbe/del_ib)*10**-3\n",
+ "Rac=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl);\n",
+ "Av=round(Beta*Rac/Ri);\n",
+ "Ap=Beta*Av;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current gain,Beta = %.f\"%Beta)\n",
+ "print(\"Input impedence,Ri(k-ohm) = %.f\"%Ri)\n",
+ "print(\"Effective load,Rac(k-ohm) = %.2f\"%(math.floor(Rac*100)/100))\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain,Av = %.f\"%Av)\n",
+ "print(\"power gain,Ap = %.f\"%Ap)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current gain,Beta = 100\n",
+ "Input impedence,Ri(k-ohm) = 2\n",
+ "Effective load,Rac(k-ohm) = 1.66\n",
+ "Voltage gain,Av = 83\n",
+ "power gain,Ap = 8300\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 70
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.12, Page No. 125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# output voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rc=10.0 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Rl=10 # in k-ohm\n",
+ "Beta=100.0\n",
+ "Ri=2.5\n",
+ "Iv=2.0 # input voltage in mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rac=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl)\n",
+ "Av=round(Beta*Rac/Ri)\n",
+ "Ov=Av*Iv*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Output voltage,(V) = %.1f\"%Ov)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Output voltage,(V) = 0.4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.13, Page No.133"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# gain and resistance \n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "I=1.0\n",
+ "hfe=46.0\n",
+ "hoe=80*10**-6\n",
+ "hre=5.4*10**-4\n",
+ "hie=800.0 # in ohm\n",
+ "RL=5*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+ "Rg=500 # in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "Aie=hfe/(I+(hoe*RL))\n",
+ "Aie = math.floor(Aie*10)/10\n",
+ "Zie=hie-(hre*RL*Aie)\n",
+ "Ave=(Aie*RL)/Zie\n",
+ "Ave=math.floor(Ave*10)/10\n",
+ "Zoe=((hie+Rg)/(hoe*(hie+Rg)-(hfe*hre)))/10**3\n",
+ "Ape=Aie*Ave\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current gain,Aie = %.1f\"%(Aie))\n",
+ "print(\"Input resistance,Zie(ohm) = %.1f\"%(Zie))\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain,Ave = %.1f\"%Ave)\n",
+ "print(\"Output resistance,Zoe(k-ohm) = %.1f\"%Zoe)\n",
+ "print(\"Power gain,Ape = %.1f\"%Ape)\n",
+ "#voltage gain and power gain are calculated wrong in the textbook"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current gain,Aie = 32.8\n",
+ "Input resistance,Zie(ohm) = 711.4\n",
+ "Voltage gain,Ave = 230.5\n",
+ "Output resistance,Zoe(k-ohm) = 16.4\n",
+ "Power gain,Ape = 7560.4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 79
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.14, Page No.141"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# gain and voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=100.0 # gain without feedback\n",
+ "Beta=1.0/25 # feed back ratio\n",
+ "vi=50.0 # mV\n",
+ "Af=(A/(1+(Beta*A))) # gain with feedback\n",
+ "ff=Beta*A # feedback factor\n",
+ "Vo=Af*vi*10**-3 # in V\n",
+ "fv=Beta*Vo # in V\n",
+ "vin=vi*(1+Beta*A) # mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"gain with feedback is , = %.f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"feedback factor is, = %.f\"%ff)\n",
+ "print(\"output voltage is ,(V) = %.f\"%Vo)\n",
+ "print(\"feedback voltage is ,(V) = %.2f\"%fv)\n",
+ "print(\"new increased input voltage is ,(mV) = %.f\"%vin)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "gain with feedback is , = 20\n",
+ "feedback factor is, = 4\n",
+ "output voltage is ,(V) = 1\n",
+ "feedback voltage is ,(V) = 0.04\n",
+ "new increased input voltage is ,(mV) = 250\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.15, Page No. 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# voltage gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=1000.0 # gain without feedback\n",
+ "fctr=0.40 # gain reduction factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A2=800.0 # redued gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Af=A-fctr*A # gain with feedback\n",
+ "Beta=((A/Af)-1)/A # feed back ratio\n",
+ "Af2=((A2)/(1+(Beta*A2)))\n",
+ "prfb= ((A-A2)/A)*100 #percentage reduction without feedback\n",
+ "prwfb= ((Af-Af2)/Af)*100 #percentage reduction without feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i) voltage gain is , = %.1f\"%Af2)\n",
+ "print(\"(ii) percentage reduction without feedback is,(%%) = %.f\"%prfb)\n",
+ "print(\" percentage reduction with feedback is,(%%) = %.2f\"%(math.ceil(prwfb*100)/100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) voltage gain is , = 521.7\n",
+ "(ii) percentage reduction without feedback is,(%) = 20\n",
+ " percentage reduction with feedback is,(%) = 13.05\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 81
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.16, Page No. 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# small change in gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200.0 #gain without feedback\n",
+ "Beta=0.25 #feed back ratio\n",
+ "gc=10 #percent gain change\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "dA=gc/100.0\n",
+ "dAf= ((1/(1+Beta*A)))*dA\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"small change in gain is, = %.4f\"%(math.floor(dAf*10**4)/10**4))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "small change in gain is, = 0.0019\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 58
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.17, Page No.143"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# input voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200.0 # gain without feedback\n",
+ "Beta=0.05 # feed back ratio\n",
+ "Dn=10.0 # percentage distortion\n",
+ "vo=0.5 # initial output voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Af=(A/(1+(Beta*A))) # gain with feedback\n",
+ "Dn1=(Dn/(1+A*Beta)) # percentage Distortion with negative feedback\n",
+ "ff=Beta*A # feedback factor\n",
+ "vi=A*vo # in V\n",
+ "vin=vi/Af # in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"gain with negative feedback is , = %.1f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"percentage Distortion with negative feedback is ,(%%) = %.3f\"%Dn1)\n",
+ "print(\"new input voltage is ,(V) = %.1f\"%vin)\n",
+ "#gain and input voltage are calculated wrong in the textbook "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "gain with negative feedback is , = 18.2\n",
+ "percentage Distortion with negative feedback is ,(%) = 0.909\n",
+ "new input voltage is ,(V) = 5.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 83
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.18, Page No. 143"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# percentage of feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=50.0 # gain without feedback\n",
+ "Af=10.0 # gain with feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Beta=(((A/Af)-1)/A)*100 # feed back ratio\n",
+ "print(\"percentage of feedback is ,(%%) = %.f\"%Beta)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "percentage of feedback is ,(%) = 8\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 84
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.19, Page No. 144"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# band width\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Bw=200.0 # bandwidth in kHz\n",
+ "vg=40.0 # dB\n",
+ "fb=5.0 # percentage negetive feedback\n",
+ "A=40.0 # gain without feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Beta=fb/100 # feed back ratio\n",
+ "Af=(A/(1+(Beta*A))) # gain with feedback\n",
+ "Bwf= (A*Bw)/Af # Bandwidth with feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\" new band-width is ,(kHz) = %.f\"%Bwf)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " new band-width is ,(kHz) = 600\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 52
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.20, Page No. 144"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# percentage reduction\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=50.0 # gain without feedback\n",
+ "Af=25.0 # gain with feedback\n",
+ "Ad=40.0 # new gain after ageing\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Beta=(((A/Af)-1)/A) # feed back ratio\n",
+ "Af1=(Ad/(1+(Beta*Ad)))# new gain with feedback\n",
+ "df=Af-Af1 # reduction in gain\n",
+ "pdf= (df/Af)*100 # percentage reduction in gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\" percentage reduction in gain is ,(%%) = %.1f\"%pdf)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " percentage reduction in gain is ,(%) = 11.1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 55
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.21, Page No. 145"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Av and beta\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Af=100.0 # gain with feeback\n",
+ "vi=50.0 # in mV\n",
+ "vi1=60.0 # in mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calcualtion\n",
+ "AAf=vi1/vi\n",
+ "A=AAf*Af\n",
+ "Beta=(((A/Af)-1)/A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Av is ,= %.f\"%A)\n",
+ "print(\"feedback factor is, = %.5f or 1/600\"%Beta)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Av is ,= 120\n",
+ "feedback factor is, = 0.00167 or 1/600\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 57
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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