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Diffstat (limited to 'Schaum's_Outline/ch10.ipynb')
| -rwxr-xr-x | Schaum's_Outline/ch10.ipynb | 877 |
1 files changed, 877 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Schaum's_Outline/ch10.ipynb b/Schaum's_Outline/ch10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..eb3d1761 --- /dev/null +++ b/Schaum's_Outline/ch10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,877 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "ch10"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 10: Classes"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.1, Page no: 233"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self):\n",
+ " self.num = 0\n",
+ " self.den = 0\n",
+ " def assign(self,n,d):\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " def convert(self):\n",
+ " return float(self.num)/self.den\n",
+ " def invert(self):\n",
+ " self.num,self.den = self.den,self.num\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ " \n",
+ "x = Ratio()\n",
+ "x.assign(22,7)\n",
+ "print \"x = \",\n",
+ "x.print_()\n",
+ "print \" = \" , x.convert() \n",
+ "x.invert()\n",
+ "print \"1/x = \",\n",
+ "x.print_()\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "x = 22 / 7 = 3.14285714286\n",
+ "1/x = 7 / 22\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.2, Page no: 234"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self):\n",
+ " self.num = 0\n",
+ " self.den = 0\n",
+ " def assign(self,n,d):\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " def convert(self):\n",
+ " return float(self.num)/self.den\n",
+ " def invert(self):\n",
+ " self.num,self.den = self.den,self.num\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.3, Page no: 235"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n,d):\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio(-1,3)\n",
+ "y = Ratio(22,7)\n",
+ "print \"x = \",\n",
+ "x.print_()\n",
+ "print \" and y = \",\n",
+ "y.print_()\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "x = -1 / 3 and y = 22 / 7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.4, Page no: 236"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n=None,d=None):\n",
+ " if n==None:\n",
+ " self.num = 0\n",
+ " self.den = 1\n",
+ " elif d==None:\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = 1\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio()\n",
+ "y = Ratio(4)\n",
+ "z = Ratio(22,7)\n",
+ "print \"x = \",\n",
+ "x.print_()\n",
+ "print \"\\ny = \",\n",
+ "y.print_()\n",
+ "print \"\\nz = \",\n",
+ "z.print_()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "x = 0 / 1 \n",
+ "y = 4 / 1 \n",
+ "z = 22 / 7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.5, Page no: 237"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n=None,d=None):\n",
+ " if n==None:\n",
+ " self.num = 0\n",
+ " self.den = 1\n",
+ " elif d==None:\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = 1\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.6, Page no: 237"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n=0,d=1):\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio()\n",
+ "y = Ratio(4)\n",
+ "z = Ratio(22,7)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.7, Page no: 238"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n=0,d=1):\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " def numerator(self):\n",
+ " return self.num\n",
+ " def denominator(self):\n",
+ " return self.den\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio(22,7)\n",
+ "print x.numerator() , '/' , x.denominator() "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "22 / 7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.8, Page no: 238"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def gcd(m,n):\n",
+ " # returns the greatest common divisor of m and n:\n",
+ " if (m<n):\n",
+ " m,n = n,m\n",
+ " while (n>0):\n",
+ " r = m % n\n",
+ " m = n\n",
+ " n = r\n",
+ " return m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n=0,d=1):\n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " self.reduce()\n",
+ " def numerator(self):\n",
+ " return self.num\n",
+ " def denominator(self):\n",
+ " return self.den\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n",
+ " def reduce(self):\n",
+ " # enforce invariant(den > 0):\n",
+ " if (self.num == 0 or self.den == 0):\n",
+ " self.num = 0\n",
+ " self.den = 1\n",
+ " return\n",
+ " if (self.den < 0):\n",
+ " self.den *= -1\n",
+ " self.num *= -1\n",
+ " # enforce invariant(gcd(num,den) == 1):\n",
+ " if (self.den == 1):\n",
+ " return\n",
+ " # it's already reduced\n",
+ " sgn = 0\n",
+ " if self.num < 0:\n",
+ " sgn = -1\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " sgn = 1\n",
+ " g = gcd(sgn*self.num,self.den)\n",
+ " self.num /= g\n",
+ " self.den /= g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio(100,-360)\n",
+ "x.print_()\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "-5 / 18\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.9, Page no: 240"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def gcd(m,n):\n",
+ " # returns the greatest common divisor of m and n:\n",
+ " if (m<n):\n",
+ " m,n = n,m\n",
+ " while (n>0):\n",
+ " r = m % n\n",
+ " m = n\n",
+ " n = r\n",
+ " return m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n=0,d=None):\n",
+ " if d == None:\n",
+ " self.num = n.num\n",
+ " self.den = n.den\n",
+ " else: \n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " self.reduce()\n",
+ " def numerator(self):\n",
+ " return self.num\n",
+ " def denominator(self):\n",
+ " return self.den\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n",
+ " def reduce(self):\n",
+ " # enforce invariant(den > 0):\n",
+ " if (self.num == 0 or self.den == 0):\n",
+ " self.num = 0\n",
+ " self.den = 1\n",
+ " return\n",
+ " if (self.den < 0):\n",
+ " self.den *= -1\n",
+ " self.num *= -1\n",
+ " # enforce invariant(gcd(num,den) == 1):\n",
+ " if (self.den == 1):\n",
+ " return\n",
+ " # it's already reduced\n",
+ " sgn = 0\n",
+ " if self.num < 0:\n",
+ " sgn = -1\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " sgn = 1\n",
+ " g = gcd(sgn*self.num,self.den)\n",
+ " self.num /= g\n",
+ " self.den /= g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio(100,360)\n",
+ "y = Ratio(x)\n",
+ "print \"x = \",\n",
+ "x.print_()\n",
+ "print \"y = \",\n",
+ "y.print_()\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "x = 5 / 18 y = 5 / 18\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.10, Page no: 241"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def gcd(m,n):\n",
+ " # returns the greatest common divisor of m and n:\n",
+ " if (m<n):\n",
+ " m,n = n,m\n",
+ " while (n>0):\n",
+ " r = m % n\n",
+ " m = n\n",
+ " n = r\n",
+ " return m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,n=0,d=None):\n",
+ " if d == None:\n",
+ " print \"COPY CONSTRUCTOR CALLED\"\n",
+ " self.num = n.num\n",
+ " self.den = n.den\n",
+ " else: \n",
+ " self.num = n\n",
+ " self.den = d\n",
+ " self.reduce()\n",
+ " def numerator(self):\n",
+ " return self.num\n",
+ " def denominator(self):\n",
+ " return self.den\n",
+ " def print_(self):\n",
+ " print self.num , '/' , self.den ,\n",
+ "\n",
+ " def reduce(self):\n",
+ " # enforce invariant(den > 0):\n",
+ " if (self.num == 0 or self.den == 0):\n",
+ " self.num = 0\n",
+ " self.den = 1\n",
+ " return\n",
+ " if (self.den < 0):\n",
+ " self.den *= -1\n",
+ " self.num *= -1\n",
+ " # enforce invariant(gcd(num,den) == 1):\n",
+ " if (self.den == 1):\n",
+ " return\n",
+ " # it's already reduced\n",
+ " sgn = 0\n",
+ " if self.num < 0:\n",
+ " sgn = -1\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " sgn = 1\n",
+ " g = gcd(sgn*self.num,self.den)\n",
+ " self.num /= g\n",
+ " self.den /= g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def f(r):\n",
+ " s = Ratio(r)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio(22,7)\n",
+ "y = Ratio(x) #calls the copy constructor, copying x to y\n",
+ "f(y)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "COPY CONSTRUCTOR CALLED\n",
+ "COPY CONSTRUCTOR CALLED\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.11, Page no: 242"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''\n",
+ "Note : Python objects die when program gets exit.\n",
+ "'''\n",
+ "\n",
+ "class Ratio:\n",
+ " def __init__(self):\n",
+ " print \"OBJECT IS BORN.\"\n",
+ " def __del__(self):\n",
+ " print \"OBJECT DIES.\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x = Ratio()\n",
+ "print \"Now x is alive.\"\n",
+ "print \"Now between blocks.\"\n",
+ "y = Ratio()\n",
+ "print \"Now y is alive.\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "OBJECT IS BORN.\n",
+ "Now x is alive.\n",
+ "Now between blocks.\n",
+ "OBJECT IS BORN.\n",
+ "Now y is alive.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.12, Page no: 244"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "class X:\n",
+ " def __init(self):\n",
+ " data = 0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "p = X()\n",
+ "p.data = 22\n",
+ "print \"p.data = \" , p.data , \" = \" , p.data\n",
+ "p.data = 44\n",
+ "print \" p.data = \" , p.data , \" = \" , p.data "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "p.data = 22 = 22\n",
+ " p.data = 44 = 44\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.13, Page no: 244"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "class Node:\n",
+ " def __init__(self,d,q=None):\n",
+ " self.data = d\n",
+ " self.next = q\n",
+ "\n",
+ "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+ "q = Node(n)\n",
+ "while True:\n",
+ " n = int(raw_input())\n",
+ " if n<=0:\n",
+ " break\n",
+ " p = Node(n, q)\n",
+ " q = p\n",
+ "k = p\n",
+ "while k != None:\n",
+ " print k.data , '->' , \n",
+ " k = k.next\n",
+ "print '*'\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "22\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "33\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "44\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "55\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "66\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "77\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "0\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "77 -> 66 -> 55 -> 44 -> 33 -> 22 -> *\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.14, Page no: 246"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''\n",
+ "Python does not support static data type.\n",
+ "Python automatically handles local variable so we need not to delete it.\n",
+ "'''\n",
+ "count = 0\n",
+ "class Widget:\n",
+ " def __init__(self):\n",
+ " global count\n",
+ " count += 1\n",
+ " \n",
+ "w = Widget()\n",
+ "x = Widget()\n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , count , 'widgets'\n",
+ "if True:\n",
+ " w = Widget()\n",
+ " x = Widget()\n",
+ " y = Widget()\n",
+ " z = Widget()\n",
+ " print \"Now there are\" , count , 'widgets' \n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , count , 'widgets'\n",
+ "y = Widget()\n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , count , 'widgets'\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "OBJECT DIES.\n",
+ "Now there are 2 widgets\n",
+ "OBJECT DIES.\n",
+ "Now there are 6 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 6 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 7 widgets\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.15, Page no: 246"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "count = 0\n",
+ "class Widget:\n",
+ " def __init__(self):\n",
+ " global count\n",
+ " count += 1\n",
+ " def numWidgets(self):\n",
+ " global count\n",
+ " return count\n",
+ " \n",
+ "w = Widget()\n",
+ "x = Widget()\n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets'\n",
+ "if True:\n",
+ " w = Widget()\n",
+ " x = Widget()\n",
+ " y = Widget()\n",
+ " z = Widget()\n",
+ " print \"Now there are\" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets' \n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets'\n",
+ "y = Widget()\n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets'\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Now there are 2 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 6 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 6 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 7 widgets\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.16, Page no: 247"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "count = 0\n",
+ "class Widget:\n",
+ " def __init__(self):\n",
+ " global count\n",
+ " count += 1\n",
+ " def numWidgets(self):\n",
+ " global count\n",
+ " return count\n",
+ " \n",
+ "w = Widget()\n",
+ "x = Widget()\n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets'\n",
+ "if True:\n",
+ " w = Widget()\n",
+ " x = Widget()\n",
+ " y = Widget()\n",
+ " z = Widget()\n",
+ " print \"Now there are\" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets' \n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets'\n",
+ "y = Widget()\n",
+ "print \"Now there are \" , w.numWidgets() , 'widgets'"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Now there are 2 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 6 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 6 widgets\n",
+ "Now there are 7 widgets\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |