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@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Chapter 7: Computation of Area"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### ch-7 page 207   pb-1"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "chainage 0 and 20\n",
+      "('area=', 420.0)\n",
+      "chainage 20 and 65\n",
+      "('area=', 2250.0)\n",
+      "chainage 65 and 110\n",
+      "('area=', 1305.0)\n",
+      "chainage 90 and 110\n",
+      "('area=', 600.0)\n",
+      "chainage 40 and 90\n",
+      "('area=', 2000.0)\n",
+      "chainage 0 and 40\n",
+      "('area=', 400.0)\n",
+      "('area of field =', 6975.0)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 0 and 20')\n",
+    "a1=0;b1=20;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=0;o2=42;\n",
+    "mo1=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae1=base*mo1;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae1);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 20 and 65')\n",
+    "a1=20;b1=65;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=58;o2=42;\n",
+    "mo2=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae2=base*mo2;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae2);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 65 and 110')\n",
+    "a1=65;b1=110;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=0;o2=58;\n",
+    "mo3=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae3=base*mo3;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae3);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 90 and 110')\n",
+    "a1=90;b1=110;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=0;o2=60;\n",
+    "mo4=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae4=base*mo4;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae4);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 40 and 90')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a1=40;b1=90;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=60;o2=20;\n",
+    "mo5=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae5=base*mo5;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae5);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 0 and 40')\n",
+    "a1=0;b1=40;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=20;o2=0;\n",
+    "mo6=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae6=base*mo6\n",
+    "print('area=',ae6);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area=ae1+ae2+ae3+ae4+ae5+ae6;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('area of field =',area);\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### ch-7 page 209,210   pb-2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "chainage 15.5 and 27.5\n",
+      "('area=', 135.0)\n",
+      "chainage 15.5 and 50\n",
+      "('area=', 905.625)\n",
+      "chainage 50 and 75.5\n",
+      "('area=', 835.125)\n",
+      "chainage 75.5 and 86.7\n",
+      "('area=', 198.80000000000004)\n",
+      "chainage 86.7 and 90\n",
+      "('area=', 17.324999999999985)\n",
+      "chainage 60 and 90\n",
+      "('area=', 532.5)\n",
+      "chainage 35.5 and 60\n",
+      "('area=', 490.0)\n",
+      "chainage 27.5 and 35.5\n",
+      "('area=', 60.0)\n",
+      "('ap,ae=', 3022.05, 152.325)\n",
+      "('total area of field =', 2869.7250000000004)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 15.5 and 27.5')\n",
+    "a1=15.5;b1=27.5;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=0;o2=22.5;\n",
+    "mo1=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae1=base*mo1;\n",
+    "ap1=0;\n",
+    "an1=ae1;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae1);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 15.5 and 50')\n",
+    "a1=15.5;b1=50;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=22.5;o2=30;\n",
+    "mo2=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae2=base*mo2;\n",
+    "ap2=ae2;\n",
+    "an2=0;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae2);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 50 and 75.5')\n",
+    "a1=50;b1=75.5;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=30;o2=35.5;\n",
+    "mo3=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae3=base*mo3;\n",
+    "ap3=ae3;\n",
+    "an3=0;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae3);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 75.5 and 86.7')\n",
+    "a1=75.5;b1=86.7;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=35.5;o2=0;\n",
+    "mo4=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae4=base*mo4;\n",
+    "ap4=ae4;\n",
+    "an4=0;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae4);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 86.7 and 90')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a1=86.7;b1=90;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=0;o2=10.5;\n",
+    "mo5=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae5=base*mo5;\n",
+    "ap5=0;\n",
+    "an5=ae5;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae5);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 60 and 90')\n",
+    "a1=60;b1=90;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=10.5;o2=25.0;\n",
+    "mo6=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae6=base*mo6\n",
+    "ap6=ae6;\n",
+    "an6=0;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae6);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 35.5 and 60')\n",
+    "a1=35.5;b1=60;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=25;o2=15;\n",
+    "mo7=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae7=base*mo7\n",
+    "ap7=ae7;\n",
+    "an7=0;\n",
+    "print('area=',ae7);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('chainage 27.5 and 35.5')\n",
+    "a1=27.5;b1=35.5;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "base=b1-a1;\n",
+    "o1=15;o2=0;\n",
+    "mo8=(o2+o1)/2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ae8=base*mo8\n",
+    "ap8=ae8;\n",
+    "an8=0\n",
+    "print('area=',ae8);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "an=an1+an2+an3+an4+an5+an6+an7+an8;\n",
+    "ap=ap1+ap2+ap3+ap4+ap5+ap6+ap7+ap8;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area=ap-an;\n",
+    "print('ap,ae=',ap,an)\n",
+    "print('total area of field =',area);\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "### ch-7 page 214   pb-1"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mid ordinate rule\n",
+      "('required area is', 188.0, 'square meters')\n",
+      "average ordinate rule\n",
+      "('required area is', 161.14285714285714, 'sqare meters')\n",
+      "trapezoidal rule\n",
+      "('required area is ', 188.0, 'square meters')\n",
+      "simpsons rule\n",
+      "('required area is ', 196.66666666666669, 'square meters')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "dis=10;\n",
+    "a=0;g=0;\n",
+    "b=2.5;c=3.5;d=5;e=4.6;f=3.2;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('Mid ordinate rule');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "h1=(a+b)/2;\n",
+    "h2=(b+c)/2;\n",
+    "h3=(c+d)/2;\n",
+    "h4=(d+e)/2;\n",
+    "h5=(e+f)/2;\n",
+    "h6=(f+g)/2;\n",
+    "area=dis*(h1+h2+h3+h4+h5+h6);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('required area is',area,'square meters');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('average ordinate rule');\n",
+    "dis=10;\n",
+    "p=6;\n",
+    "bl=dis*p;\n",
+    "no=7;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area2=bl*(a+b+c+d+e+f+g)/no;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('required area is',area2,'sqare meters');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('trapezoidal rule');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area3=(dis/2)*(2*(a+b+c+d+e+f+g));\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('required area is ',area3,'square meters');\n",
+    "print('simpsons rule');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area4=(dis/3)*(4*(b+d+f)+2*(c+e));\n",
+    "print('required area is ',area4,'square meters');\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "### ch-7 page 216   pb-2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "trapezoidal rule\n",
+      "('required area is ', 820.125, 'square meters')\n",
+      "simpsons rule\n",
+      "(756.0, 57.375)\n",
+      "('required area is ', 813.375, 'square meters')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#ch-7 page 216   pb-2\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('trapezoidal rule');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "o1=3.5;o2=4.3;o3=6.75;o4=5.25;o5=7.5;o6=8.8;o7=7.9;\n",
+    "o8=6.4;o9=4.4;o10=3.25;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "dis=15;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area1=(dis/2)*(o1+o10+(2*(o2+o3+o4+o5+o6+o7+o8+o9)));\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('required area is ',area1,'square meters');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('simpsons rule')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "A1=dis/3*(o1+o9+4*(o2+o4+o6+o8)+2*(o3+o5+o7));\n",
+    "\n",
+    "A2=dis/2*(o10+o9);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area2=A1+A2;\n",
+    "print(A1,A2)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('required area is ',area2,'square meters');\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### cha 7 page -216 pb-3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "trapezoidal rule\n",
+      "(89.5, 106.49999999999999, 158.0)\n",
+      "('total area=', 354.0, 'meters')\n",
+      "simpsons rule\n",
+      "(89.66666666666667, 102.33333333333333, 157.33333333333334)\n",
+      "('total area is ', 349.33333333333337, 'meters')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "o1=2.5;o2=3.8;o3=4.6;o4=5.2;o5=6.1;o6=4.7;o7=5.8;o8=3.9;o9=2.20;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d1=5;\n",
+    "d2=10;\n",
+    "d3=20;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('trapezoidal rule')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "del1=(d1/2)*(o1+o5+2*(o2+o3+o4));\n",
+    "del2=(d2/2)*(o5+o7+2*(o6));\n",
+    "del3=(d3/2)*(o7+o9+2*(o8));\n",
+    "\n",
+    "total1=del1+del2+del3;\n",
+    "print(del1,del2,del3)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('total area=',total1,'meters');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('simpsons rule')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "de1=(d1/3)*(o1+o5+4*(o2+o4)+2*(o3));\n",
+    "de2=(d2/3)*(o5+o7+4*(o6));\n",
+    "de3=(d3/3)*(o7+o9+4*(o8));\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "total2=de1+de2+de3;\n",
+    "print(de1,de2,de3)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('total area is ',total2,'meters')\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "### cha 7 page -225 pb-1"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "('A=', 748.0)\n",
+      "('required area is', 748.0, 'meters')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#cha 7 page -225 ;pb-1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ir=9.377;\n",
+    "fr=3.336;\n",
+    "m=100;\n",
+    "c=23.521;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "n=1;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a1=m*(fr-ir+10*(n)+c);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a2=m*(fr-ir-10*(n)+c);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('A=',a2);\n",
+    "print('required area is',a2,'meters');\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "### cha 7 page -225,226 pb-2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "('A=', 81460.00000000001)\n",
+      "('required area is', 81460.00000000001, 'meters')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ir=8.652;\n",
+    "fr=6.798;\n",
+    "c=20;\n",
+    "m=100;\n",
+    "n=1;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "sc=100;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a2=m*(fr-ir-10*(n)+c);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a2=a2*sc;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('A=',a2);\n",
+    "print('required area is',a2,'meters');\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "### cha 7 page -226 pb-3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "('required area is', 9747.499999999998, 'meters')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ir=4.855;\n",
+    "fr=8.754;\n",
+    "m=100;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "n=0;\n",
+    "c=0;\n",
+    "sc=25\n",
+    "a=m*(fr-ir)\n",
+    "a=a*sc;\n",
+    "print('required area is',a,'meters');\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "### cha-7 page-226  pb-4"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "case 1\n",
+      "('A=', 100.0)\n",
+      "('M=', 100.0)\n",
+      "case 2\n",
+      "('required area is', 1347.0)\n",
+      "('area of zero circle is', 2122.0)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('case 1')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ir=3.415;\n",
+    "fr=4.415;\n",
+    "n=0;\n",
+    "c=0;\n",
+    "sc=16;   #1cm^2=16m^2;\n",
+    "h=10000;\n",
+    "ag=0.16*h;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "am=ag/sc;\n",
+    "print('A=',am);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "m=am/(fr-ir);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('M=',m);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('case 2');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "fr_ir=2.25;\n",
+    "c=21.22;\n",
+    "n=1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a1=m*(fr_ir-10+c);\n",
+    "print('required area is',a1);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area=m*c;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('area of zero circle is',area);\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### cha-7 page-227  pb-5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "('area of zero circle is', 1221.0, 'square centimeters')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "l=10;b=15;\n",
+    "a1=l*b;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "ir=0.686;\n",
+    "fr=9.976;\n",
+    "n=2;\n",
+    "m=100;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "marea=150;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "c=(marea/100)+10.710;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "area=m*c;\n",
+    "print('area of zero circle is',area,'square centimeters');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "### cha-7 page-228  pb-6"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "case 1\n",
+      "('area of figure is', 705.0, 'square cm')\n",
+      "case 2\n",
+      "('area of figure is', -1357.0, 'sq cm')\n",
+      "('C=', 20.62)\n",
+      "('area of zero circle is', 2062.0, 'square cm')\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('case 1')\n",
+    "n=1;\n",
+    "c=0;\n",
+    "m=100;\n",
+    "fr=4.825;\n",
+    "ir=7.775;\n",
+    "area1=m*(fr-ir+10*n)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('area of figure is',area1,'square cm');\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('case 2')\n",
+    "fr=8.755;\n",
+    "ir=2.325;\n",
+    "m=100;\n",
+    "n=2;\n",
+    "area2=m*(fr-ir-10*n+c)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('area of figure is',area2,'sq cm')\n",
+    "c=(area1/m)+13.570;\n",
+    "print('C=',c)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "areac=m*c;\n",
+    "print('area of zero circle is',areac,'square cm');\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.11"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}