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Diffstat (limited to 'Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta')
6 files changed, 0 insertions, 4457 deletions
diff --git a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter1.ipynb b/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter1.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 2002d085..00000000 --- a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter1.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,980 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:157c81ca45c25f5c9b68a8a7337d5214dee7e7e0f1df3168b61c9836541cb6d6" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ch-1 : Introduction" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.1 page 1" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "B=100 #W(8Bulb)\n", - "F=60 #W(2Fan)\n", - "L=100 #W(2Light)\n", - "LoadConnected=8*B+2*F+2*L #W\n", - "print \"(a) Connected Load = %0.2f W \"%LoadConnected\n", - "#12 midnight to 5am\n", - "demand1=1*F #W\n", - "#5am to 7am\n", - "demand2=2*F+1*L #W\n", - "#7am to 9am\n", - "demand3=0 #W\n", - "#9am to 6pm\n", - "demand4=2*F #W\n", - "#6pm to midnight\n", - "demand5=2*F+4*B #W\n", - "DEMAND=np.array([demand1,demand2, demand3, demand4, demand5])\n", - "max_demand=max(DEMAND) \n", - "print \"(b) Maximum demand = %0.2f W \"%max_demand \n", - "df=max_demand/LoadConnected #demand factor\n", - "print \"(c) Demand factor = %0.3f\"%df \n", - "E=demand1*5+demand2*2+demand3*2+demand4*9+demand5*6 #Wh\n", - "E=E/1000 #kWh\n", - "print \"(d) Energy consumed during 24 hours = %0.2f kWh \"%E\n", - "Edash=LoadConnected*24/1000 #kWh\n", - "print \"(e) Energy consumed during 24 hours if all devices are used = %0.2f kWh\"%Edash" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "(a) Connected Load = 1120.00 W \n", - "(b) Maximum demand = 520.00 W \n", - "(c) Demand factor = 0.464\n", - "(d) Energy consumed during 24 hours = 4.94 kWh \n", - "(e) Energy consumed during 24 hours if all devices are used = 26.88 kWh\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.2 page 3" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "import numpy as np\n", - "LoadA=2.5*1000 #W\n", - "#12 midnight to 5am\n", - "d1A=100 #W\n", - "#5am to 6am\n", - "d2A=1.1*1000 #W\n", - "#6am to 8am\n", - "d3A=200 #W\n", - "#8am to 5pm\n", - "d4A=0 #W\n", - "#5pm to 12 midnight\n", - "d5A=500 #W\n", - "LoadB=3*1000 #W\n", - "#11 pm to 7am\n", - "d1B=0 #W\n", - "#7 am to 8 am\n", - "d2B=300 #W\n", - "#8 am to 10 am\n", - "d3B=1*1000 #W\n", - "#10 am to 6 pm\n", - "d4B=200 #W\n", - "#6 pm to 11 pm\n", - "d5B=600 #W\n", - "DEMAND_A=np.array([d1A, d2A, d3A, d4A, d5A]) #W\n", - "DEMAND_B=np.array([d1B, d2B, d3B, d4B, d5B]) #W\n", - "max_demand_A=max(DEMAND_A) #W\n", - "max_demand_B=max(DEMAND_B) #W\n", - "df_A=max_demand_A/LoadA #demand factor\n", - "df_B=max_demand_B/LoadB #demand factor\n", - "print \"Demand factor of consumer A & B are : %0.2f & %0.2f\"%(df_A,df_B) \n", - "gd_factor=(max_demand_A+max_demand_B)/max_demand_A \n", - "print \"Group diversity factor = %0.3f\"%gd_factor\n", - "E_A=d1A*5+d2A*1+d3A*2+d4A*9+d5A*7 #Wh\n", - "E_B=d1B*8+d2B*1+d3B*2+d4B*8+d5B*5 #Wh\n", - "E_A=E_A/1000 #kWh\n", - "E_B=E_B/1000 #kWh\n", - "print \"Energy consumed by A & B during 24 hours = %0.2f & %0.2f kWh \"%(E_A,E_B)\n", - "Emax_A=max_demand_A*24/1000 #kWh\n", - "Emax_B=max_demand_B*24/1000 #kWh\n", - "print \"Maximum energy consumer A & B can consume during 24 hours = %0.2f & %0.2f kWh \"%(Emax_A,Emax_B)\n", - "ratio_A=E_A/Emax_A \n", - "ratio_B=E_B/Emax_B \n", - "print \"Ratio of actual energy to maximum energy of consumer A & B : %0.4f & %0.4f\"%(ratio_A,ratio_B) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Demand factor of consumer A & B are : 0.44 & 0.33\n", - "Group diversity factor = 1.909\n", - "Energy consumed by A & B during 24 hours = 5.50 & 6.90 kWh \n", - "Maximum energy consumer A & B can consume during 24 hours = 26.40 & 24.00 kWh \n", - "Ratio of actual energy to maximum energy of consumer A & B : 0.2083 & 0.2875\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.3 page 6" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "n1=600 #No. of apartments\n", - "L1=5 #kW#Each Apartment Load\n", - "n2=20 #No. of general purpose shops\n", - "L2=2 #kW#Each Shop Load\n", - "df=0.8 #demand factor\n", - "#1 Floor mill\n", - "L3=10 #kW#Load\n", - "df3=0.7 #demand factor\n", - "#1 Saw mill\n", - "L4=5 #kW#Load\n", - "df4=0.8 #demand factor\n", - "#1 Laundry\n", - "L5=20 #kW#Load\n", - "df5=0.65 #demand factor\n", - "#1 Cinema\n", - "L6=80 #kW#Load\n", - "df6=0.5 #demand factor\n", - "#Street lights\n", - "n7=200 #no. of tube lights\n", - "L7=40 #W#Load of each light\n", - "#Residential Load\n", - "df8=0.5 #demand factor\n", - "gdf_r=3 #group diversity factor\n", - "pdf_r=1.25 #peak diversity factor\n", - "#Commertial Load\n", - "gdf_c=2 #group diversity factor\n", - "pdf_c=1.6 #peak diversity factor\n", - "#Solution :\n", - "#Maximum demand of each apartment\n", - "dmax_1a=L1*df8 #kW\n", - "#Maximum demand of 600 apartment\n", - "dmax_a=n1*dmax_1a/gdf_r #kW\n", - "#demand of apartments at system peak time\n", - "d_a_sp=dmax_a/pdf_r #kW\n", - "#Maximum Commercial demand\n", - "dmax_c=(n2*L2*df+L3*df3+L4*df4+L5*df5+L6*df6)/gdf_c #kW\n", - "#Commercial demand at system peak time\n", - "d_c_sp=dmax_c/pdf_c #kW\n", - "#demand of street light at system peak time\n", - "d_sl_sp=n7*L7/1000 #kW\n", - "#Increase in system peak demand\n", - "DI=d_a_sp+d_c_sp+d_sl_sp #kW\n", - "print \"Increase in system peak demand %0.2f kW\" %DI," - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Increase in system peak demand 438.00 kW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.4 page 12" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#12 to 5 am\n", - "L1=20 #MW\n", - "t1=5 #hours\n", - "#5 to 9 am\n", - "L2=40 #MW\n", - "t2=4 #hours\n", - "#9 to 6 pm\n", - "L3=80 #MW\n", - "t3=9 #hours\n", - "#6 to 10 pm\n", - "L4=100 #MW\n", - "t4=4 #hours\n", - "#10 to 12 am\n", - "L5=20 #MW\n", - "t5=2 #hours\n", - "#Energy Poduced in 24 hours\n", - "E=L1*t1+L2*t2+L3*t3+L4*t4+L5*t5 #MWh\n", - "print \"Energy Supplied by the plant in 24 hours = %0.2f MWh\" %E\n", - "LF=E/24 #%#Load Factor\n", - "print \"Load Factor = %0.2f %% \"%LF " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Energy Supplied by the plant in 24 hours = 1420.00 MWh\n", - "Load Factor = 59.17 % \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.5 page 13" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C=125 #MW#Installed Capacity\n", - "#12 to 5 am\n", - "L1=20 #MW\n", - "t1=5 #hours\n", - "#5 to 9 am\n", - "L2=40 #MW\n", - "t2=4 #hours\n", - "#9 to 6 pm\n", - "L3=80 #MW\n", - "t3=9 #hours\n", - "#6 to 10 pm\n", - "L4=100 #MW\n", - "t4=4 #hours\n", - "#10 to 12 am\n", - "L5=20 #MW\n", - "t5=2 #hours\n", - "#Energy Poduced in 24 hours\n", - "E=L1*t1+L2*t2+L3*t3+L4*t4+L5*t5 #MWh\n", - "LF=E/24 #%#Load Factor\n", - "CF=LF/C #%#Capacity Factor\n", - "print \"Capacity Factor = %0.3f\" %CF\n", - "UF=100/C #%#Utilisation Factor\n", - "print \"Utilisation Factor = %.1f\" %UF" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Capacity Factor = 0.473\n", - "Utilisation Factor = 0.8\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.6 page 13" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "%matplotlib inline\n", - "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, show, title, xlabel, ylabel, subplot\n", - "from numpy import array\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "#12 to 5 am & 10 to 12 am\n", - "L1=20 #MW\n", - "E1=L1*24 #MWh\n", - "#5 to 9 am\n", - "L2=40 #MW\n", - "E2=E1+(L2-L1)*17 #MWh\n", - "#9 to 6 pm\n", - "L3=80 #MW\n", - "E3=E2+(L3-L2)*13 #MWh\n", - "#6 to 10 pm\n", - "L4=100 #MW\n", - "E4=E3+(L4-L3)*4 #MWh\n", - "#Plotting Energy load curve\n", - "L=np.array([0,L1,L2,L3,L4]) #MW\n", - "E=np.array([0,E1,E2,E3,E4]) #Mwh\n", - "subplot(2,1,1)\n", - "plot(E,L)\n", - "xlabel('Energy(MWh)') \n", - "ylabel('Load(MW)') \n", - "title('Energy Load Curve') \n", - "#Energy Supplied\n", - "#Upto 5am\n", - "t1=5 #hours\n", - "E1=L1*t1 #MWh\n", - "#Upto 9am\n", - "t2=4 #hours\n", - "E2=E1+L2*t2 #MWh\n", - "#Upto 6pm\n", - "t3=9 #hours\n", - "E3=E2+L3*t3 #MWh\n", - "#Upto 10pm\n", - "t4=4 #hours\n", - "E4=E3+L4*t4 #MWh\n", - "#Upto 12pm\n", - "t4=2 #hours\n", - "E4=E3+L4*t4 #MWh\n", - "#Plotting Mass curve\n", - "T=[0,1,2,3,4] #MW\n", - "E=[0,E1,E2,E3,E4] #Mwh\n", - "subplot(2,1,2)\n", - "plot(T,E)\n", - "ylabel('Ener2y(MWh)') \n", - "xlabel('0-1: 12-5am 1-2: 5-9am 2-3: 9-6pm 3-4: 6-10pm above4: 10-12pm') \n", - "title('Mass Curve') \n", - "show()" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data", - "png": 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WJkwI/SB//zsceihceCF86UvQoUPa6pxqoLlhrrOBE4GOwF+Bu81sSZm1NVWTeyaO00Rm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\nweWX5DhOqXjdEaelaSxrcBd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- "text": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f26e82c2e90>" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.7 page 14" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "dmax=40 #MW#Maximum demand\n", - "CF=0.5 #Capacity Factor\n", - "UF=0.8 #Utilisation Factor\n", - "LF=CF/UF #/Load Factor\n", - "print \"(a) Load Factor : %0.3f\"%LF \n", - "C=dmax/UF #MW#Plant Capacity\n", - "print \"(b) Plant Capacity = %0.2f MW \"%C \n", - "RC=C-dmax #MW#Reserve Capacity\n", - "print \"(c) Reserve Capacity = %0.02f MW \"%RC \n", - "p=dmax*LF*24*365 #MWh#Annual Energy Production\n", - "print \"(d) Annual Energy Production = %0.2f MWh \"%p " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "(a) Load Factor : 0.625\n", - "(b) Plant Capacity = 50.00 MW \n", - "(c) Reserve Capacity = 10.00 MW \n", - "(d) Annual Energy Production = 219000.00 MWh \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 7 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.8 page 14" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "%matplotlib inline\n", - "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, show, title, xlabel, ylabel, subplot\n", - "from numpy import array\n", - "L1=50 #MW#Initial\n", - "t1=5 #hours\n", - "L2=50 #MW#5am\n", - "t2=4 #hours\n", - "L3=100 #MW#9am\n", - "t3=9 #hours\n", - "L4=100 #MW#6pm\n", - "t4=2 #hours\n", - "L5=150 #MW#8pm\n", - "t5=2 #hours\n", - "L6=80 #MW#10pm\n", - "t6=2 #hours\n", - "L7=50 #MW\n", - "#Energy Required in 24 hours\n", - "E=L1*t1+(L2+L3)/2*t2+(L3+L4)/2*t3+(L4+L5)/2*t4+(L5+L6)/2*t5+(L6+L1)/2*t6 #MWh\n", - "print \"Energy required in one day = %0.2f MWh \"%E \n", - "DLF=E/L5/24*100 #%#Daily Load Factor\n", - "print \"Daily Load Factor = %0.2f %%\" %DLF\n", - "#Plotting load curve\n", - "T=np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]) #Slots\n", - "L=np.array([L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6,L7]) #MW\n", - "plot(T,L)\n", - "ylabel('Load(MW)') \n", - "xlabel('0-1: 12-5am 1-2: 5-9am 2-3: 9-6pm 3-4: 6-8pm 4-5:8-10pm 5-6 :10-12pm') \n", - "title('Chronological Load Curve') \n", - "show()" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Energy required in one day = 2060.00 MWh \n", - "Daily Load Factor = 57.22 %\n" - ] - }, - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data", - "png": 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HxJKIuBe4C9iuVbGZdZNeKaZX4uG+3a/Imsi+wJz8eANgYclrC0ktErO+1mn3TG+FadPg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\nLZE+4WK6mY1Wu1s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- "text": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f26d514bd90>" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.9 page 15" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "print \"load duration curve in fig1\"\n", - "print \"the energy consumed upto different times is as \"\n", - "a=[0, 5 ,9 ,18, 20, 22, 24] #time in matrix format\n", - "b=[50, 50 ,100 ,100 ,150 ,80 ,50] #load in matrix format\n", - "\n", - "z = range(0,6)\n", - "for x in range (0,6):\n", - " z[x]=((b[x]+b[x+1])/2)*(a[x+1]-a[x])\n", - "\n", - "et=0\n", - "q = range(0,7)\n", - "m = range(0,7)\n", - "ett = range(0,6)\n", - "for x in range(0,6):\n", - " et=et+z[x] \n", - " A=a[(x)]\n", - " ett[x]=et \n", - " q[x]=a[x+1]\n", - " print \"\\nfrom mid night upto %d,energy=%dMWh\"%(A,et)\n", - "n = sorted(range(len(b)), key=lambda k: b[k], reverse=True)\n", - "m = sorted(b, reverse=True)\n", - "print \"energy curve in fig 2\"\n", - "t=[0, 3.88, 15.88 ,19.88, 23]\n", - "k = range(0,6)\n", - "for j in range(0,6):\n", - " k[j]=a[(j+1)]\n", - "M =range(0,5)\n", - "#rearranging for mass curve\n", - "for i in range(0,5):\n", - " M[i] = m[i]\n", - "Q = range(0,6)\n", - "for i in range(0,6):\n", - " Q[i] = q[i]\n", - " \n", - " \n", - "subplot(121) \n", - "plot(t,M) \n", - "title(\"load duration\")\n", - "xlabel(\"hours\")\n", - "ylabel(\"MW\")\n", - "subplot(122) \n", - "plot(Q,ett) \n", - "title(\"energy curve\")\n", - "xlabel(\"time\")\n", - "ylabel(\"MWh\")\n", - "show()" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "load duration curve in fig1\n", - "the energy consumed upto different times is as \n", - "\n", - "from mid night upto 0,energy=250MWh\n", - "\n", - "from mid night upto 5,energy=550MWh\n", - "\n", - "from mid night upto 9,energy=1450MWh\n", - "\n", - "from mid night upto 18,energy=1700MWh\n", - "\n", - "from mid night upto 20,energy=1930MWh\n", - "\n", - "from mid night upto 22,energy=2060MWh\n", - "energy curve in fig 2\n" - ] - }, - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data", - "png": 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HH81ZZ51F69aVj8ziySF3rV0b+jFstFGY5tMHyaw5Tw4uNp9+Cl27hqeHXXeN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\nzrkKPDk455yrwJODc865Cjw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- "text": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f26d4f5edd0>" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 9 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.10 page 15" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "E=438*10**4 #kWh\n", - "LF=20 #% annual\n", - "CF=15 #%#Capacity Factor\n", - "Lmax=E/(LF/100)/24/365 #kW\n", - "Lmax=Lmax/1000 #MW\n", - "C=Lmax/CF*LF #MW#Plant Capacity\n", - "print \"Plant Capacity = %0.2f MW \"%C \n", - "RC=C-Lmax #MW#Reserve Capacity\n", - "print \"Reserve Capacity = %0.2f MW\"%RC" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Plant Capacity = 3.33 MW \n", - "Reserve Capacity = 0.83 MW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.11 page 16" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L1=10000 #kW\n", - "L2=6000 #kW\n", - "L3=8000 #kW\n", - "L4=7000 #kW\n", - "df=1.5 #diversity factor\n", - "LF=65 #%#Load Factor\n", - "Dinc=60 #%#Increase in maximum demand\n", - "L=L1+L2+L3+L4 #kW#Sum \n", - "L=L/1000 #MW\n", - "Dmax=L/df #MW\n", - "print \"Maximum demand on station = %0.3f MWh \" %Dmax\n", - "E=Dmax*365*24*LF/100 #MWh#Annual Energy\n", - "print \"Annual Energy Supplied = %0.0f MWh \"%E \n", - "Din_max=Dinc/100*Dmax #MW\n", - "C=Dmax+Din_max #MW\n", - "print \"Installed Capacity = %0.3f MW\"%C" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Maximum demand on station = 20.667 MWh \n", - "Annual Energy Supplied = 117676 MWh \n", - "Installed Capacity = 33.067 MW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 11 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.12 page 16" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Arranging data for Load Duration Curve\n", - "#week days 5-9pm load\n", - "L1=350 #MW\n", - "t1=4*5 #hours\n", - "#week days 8-12am & 1-5pm load\n", - "L2=250 #MW\n", - "t2=t1+8*5 #hours\n", - "#saturday & sunday 5-9pm load\n", - "L3=200 #MW\n", - "t3=t2+4*2 #hours\n", - "#All days 150MW load\n", - "L4=150 #MW\n", - "t4=t3+6*5+15*2 #hours\n", - "#All days 100MW load\n", - "L5=100 #MW\n", - "t5=t4+6*5+5*2 #hours\n", - "A=31600 #Total Load Curve Area\n", - "LF=A/L1/24/7*100 #%#Weekly load factor\n", - "print \"Weekly Load factor = %0.2f %%\"%LF\n", - "print \"Load Duration Curve is shown in figure.\" \n", - "#Load Duration Curve\n", - "L=[L1 ,L2, L3, L4, L5] #MW\n", - "T=[t1 ,t2 ,t3 ,t4 ,t5] #hours\n", - "%matplotlib inline\n", - "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title, xlabel, ylabel, show\n", - "plot(T,L) \n", - "title('Load Duration Curve')\n", - "xlabel('Time(Hours)')\n", - "ylabel('Load(MW)') \n", - "show()" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Weekly Load factor = 53.74 %\n", - "Load Duration Curve is shown in figure.\n" - ] - }, - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data", - "png": 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- "text": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f26d50a3a50>" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 12 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.13 page 17" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "LF=0.825 #Daily Load Factor\n", - "ratio1=0.87 #daily peak load to monthly peak load\n", - "ratio2=0.78 #monthly peak load to annually peak load\n", - "LF_annual=LF*ratio1*ratio2 #Annual Load Factor\n", - "print \"Annual Load Factor : %0.4f\" %LF_annual" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Annual Load Factor : 0.5598\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 13 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.14 page 19" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#Transformer1\n", - "Lm=300 #kW\n", - "df_m=0.6 #demand factor\n", - "Lc=100 #kW#Commercial Load\n", - "df_c=0.5 #demand factor\n", - "#Transformer2\n", - "Lr2=500 #kW#Residential Load\n", - "df_Lr2=0.4 #demand factor\n", - "#Transformer3\n", - "Lr3=400 #kW\n", - "df_Lr3=0.5 #demand factor\n", - "#Diversity factors\n", - "df1=2.3 \n", - "df2=2.5 \n", - "df3=2 \n", - "DF=1.4 #Diversity factor between transformers\n", - "#Solution :\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "Lp1=(Lm*df_m+Lc*df_c)/df1 #kW#Peak load on Transformer1\n", - "print \"Peak load on Transformer1 = %0.2f kW\"%Lp1\n", - "Lp2=Lr2*df_Lr2/df2 #kW#Peak load on Transformer2\n", - "print \"Peak load on Transformer2 = %0.2f kW\"%Lp2 \n", - "Lp3=Lr3*df_Lr3/df3 #kW#Peak load on Transformer3\n", - "print \"Peak load on Transformer3 = %0.2f kW \"%Lp3 \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "LpF=(Lp1+Lp2+Lp3)/DF #Peak load on feeder\n", - "print \"Peak load on feeder = %0.2f kW \"%LpF " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Peak load on Transformer1 = 100.00 kW\n", - "Peak load on Transformer2 = 80.00 kW\n", - "Peak load on Transformer3 = 100.00 kW \n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Peak load on feeder = 200.00 kW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 14 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.16 page 23" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L=[20, 25, 30 ,25 ,35 ,20] #MW\n", - "T=[6, 4, 2 ,4 ,4 ,4] #Hours\n", - "Lmax=max(L) #MW\n", - "print \"(a) Maximum demand = %0.2f MW \"%Lmax \n", - "E=L[0]*sum(T)+(L[1]-L[0])*T[1]+(L[2]-L[0])*T[2]+(L[3]-L[0])*T[3]+(L[4]-L[0])*T[4]+(L[5]-L[0])*T[5] #MWh\n", - "E=E*1000 #kWh\n", - "print \"(b) Units generated per day = %0.e kWh \"%E \n", - "Lavg=E/sum(T) #/kWh\n", - "Lavg=Lavg/1000 #/MW\n", - "print \"(c) Average Load = %0.2f MW \"%Lavg \n", - "LF=Lavg/Lmax*100 #%\n", - "print \"(d) Load Factor = %0.2f %%\" %LF" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "(a) Maximum demand = 35.00 MW \n", - "(b) Units generated per day = 6e+05 kWh \n", - "(c) Average Load = 25.00 MW \n", - "(d) Load Factor = 71.43 %\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 15 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.17 page 24" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import acos, sin\n", - "pf=0.8 #power factor\n", - "delf=1 #%#drop in frequency(delf/f)\n", - "#delP=-2*(sind(theta))**2*delf\n", - "theta=acos(pf) #degree\n", - "delP_BY_delf=-2*sin(theta)**2 #increase in load wrt frequency\n", - "print \"1%% drop in frequency, Increased in Load = %0.2f %%\"%-delP_BY_delf " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "1% drop in frequency, Increased in Load = 0.72 %\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 16 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.18 page 24" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "Lmax=100 #MW\n", - "LF=40 #%#Load Factor\n", - "Lavg=Lmax*LF/100 #MW\n", - "E=Lavg*24*365 #MWh\n", - "print \"Energy generated in a year = %0.f MWh \"%E " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Energy generated in a year = 350400 MWh \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 17 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 1.19 page 25" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import sqrt\n", - "V=400 #V\n", - "s1=0.03 #initial slip\n", - "delV=1 #%#/Voltage Drop\n", - "R1=0.290 #ohm/phase\n", - "R2=0.15 #ohm/phase\n", - "X=0.7 #ohm/phase(X1+X2)\n", - "#V1**2*s1=V2**2*s2 for speed independent torque\n", - "#taking for calculating s2\n", - "V1=1 #V \n", - "V2=V1-V1*delV/100 #V\n", - "s2=V1**2/V2**2*s1 #slip\n", - "I2ByI1=sqrt((R1+R2/s1)**2+X**2)/sqrt((R1+R2/s2)**2+X**2)*(V2/V1)\n", - "delI=(I2ByI1-1)*100 #%#Current Increase\n", - "print \"1%% drop in Voltage increases current by = %0.2f %%\"%delI\n", - "#P=(R1+R2/s)*I**2\n", - "P2ByP1=(R1+R2/s2)/(R1+R2/s1)*I2ByI1**2 #ratio\n", - "delP=(1-P2ByP1)*100 #%#Power Decrease\n", - "print \"1%% drop in Voltage decreases power input by = %0.1f %%\"%delP \n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "1% drop in Voltage increases current by = 0.86 %\n", - "1% drop in Voltage decreases power input by = 0.2 %\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 18 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter2.ipynb b/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter2.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 3715bfd2..00000000 --- a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter2.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1251 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:70df2c2ea162c91143e39d28a0492123af67480921c2426118d0264aa7d3e7f6" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ch- 2 : Economic Operation of Power System & Unit Commitment" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.2 page 39" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", - "#For equal incremental cost\n", - "L1=125 #MW\n", - "L2=100 #MW\n", - "#For equal sharing\n", - "L=(L1+L2)/2 #MW\n", - "#Change in cost Unit 1\n", - "f1 = lambda P1:0.2*P1+30 \n", - "dC1=quad(f1,[L1,L]) #Rs./hour\n", - "#Change in cost Unit 2\n", - "f2 = lambda P2 : 0.15*P2+40\n", - "dC2=quad(f2,[L2,L]) #Rs./hour\n", - "dCyearly=(dC1+dC2)*24*365 #Rs./year\n", - "print \"Saving per year in economic load allocation = %0.2f Rs./year \"%(dCyearly) \n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Saving per year in economic load allocation = 239531.25 Rs./year \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.3 page 43" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L=400 #/MW#/total load\n", - "delPD=50 #MW#increase in demand\n", - "#dC1/dP1=0.2*P1+30\n", - "#dC2/dP2=0.15*P2+40\n", - "twoC1=0.2 #from above equation\n", - "twoC2=0.15 #from above equation\n", - "delP1_by_delPD=(1/twoC1)/(1/twoC1+1/twoC2) \n", - "delP2_by_delPD=(1/twoC2)/(1/twoC1+1/twoC2) \n", - "delP1=delP1_by_delPD*delPD #MW\n", - "print \"Increase in generation of unit1 = %0.2f MW \"%delP1 \n", - "delP2=delP2_by_delPD*delPD #MW\n", - "print \"Increase in generation of unit2 = %0.2f MW \"%delP2 \n", - "P1=L/2+delP1 #load on unit 1\n", - "print \"Total load on unit1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "P2=L/2+delP2 #load on unit 2\n", - "print \"Total load on unit2 = %0.2f MW\" %P2\n", - "print \"Checking incremental cost :\" \n", - "dC1_by_dP1=0.2*P1+30 #Rs./MWh\n", - "print \"Incremental cost of unit 1 = %0.2f Rs./MWh \"%dC1_by_dP1 \n", - "dC2_by_dP2=0.2*P2+30 #Rs./MWh\n", - "print \"Incremental cost of unit 2 = %0.2f Rs./MWh \"%dC2_by_dP2 \n", - "print \"Conclusion : Cost are same(Approximately).\" \n", - "#Note : Values calculated in the book are slightly wrong because of accuracy in calculation as compared to scilab accuracy." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Increase in generation of unit1 = 21.43 MW \n", - "Increase in generation of unit2 = 28.57 MW \n", - "Total load on unit1 = 221.43 MW \n", - "Total load on unit2 = 228.57 MW\n", - "Checking incremental cost :\n", - "Incremental cost of unit 1 = 74.29 Rs./MWh \n", - "Incremental cost of unit 2 = 75.71 Rs./MWh \n", - "Conclusion : Cost are same(Approximately).\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.5 page 47" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import atan, cos\n", - "I1=0.8 #p.u.\n", - "I2=1 #p.u.\n", - "Za=0.04+1J*0.12 #p.u.\n", - "Zb=0.03+1J*0.1 #p.u.\n", - "Zc=0.03+1J*0.12 #p.u.\n", - "V=1 #p.u.\n", - "#Solution : \n", - "V1=V+(I1+I2)*Za+I1*(Zb) #p.u.\n", - "V2=V+(I1+I2)*Za+I2*(Zc) #p.u.\n", - "P1=(I1*V1).real #p.u.\n", - "P2=(I2*V2).real #p.u.\n", - "fi1=atan((V1.imag)/(V1.real)) \n", - "fi2=atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real)) \n", - "print \"Loss Coefficients are : \"\n", - "B11=((Za.real)+(Zb.real))/(abs(V1)**2*cos(fi1)**2) #p.u.\n", - "print \"B11 = %0.5f\"%B11,\"p.u.\" \n", - "B22=((Za.real)+(Zc.real))/(abs(V2)**2*cos(fi2)**2) #p.u.\n", - "print \"B22 = %0.4f\"%B22,\"p.u. \" \n", - "B12=((Za.real))/(abs(V1)*abs(V2)*cos(fi1)*cos(fi2)) #p.u.\n", - "print \"B12 = %0.4f\"%B12,\"p.u.\" \n", - "PL=P1**2*B11+P2**2*B22+2*P1*P2*B12 #p.u.\n", - "print \"Transmission Loss = %0.6f p.u.\" %PL\n", - "#Note : Values calculated in the book are slightly wrong because of accuracy in calculation as compared to scilab accuracy." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Loss Coefficients are : \n", - "B11 = 0.05827 p.u.\n", - "B22 = 0.0576 p.u. \n", - "B12 = 0.0331 p.u.\n", - "Transmission Loss = 0.178800 p.u.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.7 page 53" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import atan, degrees, cos, pi\n", - "Za=0.03+1J*0.09 #p.u.\n", - "Ia=1.5-1J*0.4 #p.u.\n", - "Zb=0.10+1J*0.30 #p.u.\n", - "Ib=0.5-1J*0.2 #p.u.\n", - "Zc=0.03+1J*0.09 #p.u.\n", - "Ic=1-1J*0.1 #p.u.\n", - "Zd=0.04+1J*0.12 #p.u.\n", - "Id=1-1J*0.2 #p.u.\n", - "Ze=0.04+1J*0.12 #p.u.\n", - "Ie=1.5-1J*0.3 #p.u.\n", - "V=1 #p.u.\n", - "base=100 #MVA\n", - "#Solution\n", - "#Currents of load\n", - "IL1=0.4 #p.u.\n", - "IL2=0.6 #p.u.\n", - "#Current distribution factors :\n", - "Na1=1; Na2=0 \n", - "Nb1=0.6; Nb2=-0.4 \n", - "Nc1=0 ;Nc2=1 \n", - "Nd1=0.4; Nd2=0.4 \n", - "Ne1=0.6 ;Ne2=0.6 \n", - "#Bus Voltages\n", - "V1=V+Ia*Za #p.u.\n", - "V2=V-Ib*Zb+Ic*Zc #p.u.\n", - "#Phase Angles\n", - "theta1=degrees(atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real)) )#degree\n", - "theta2=degrees(atan((Ic.imag)/(Ic.real)) )#degree\n", - "#Power Factors : \n", - "cos_fi1=cos(atan((V1.imag)/(V1.real))-theta1*pi/180) #source 1 power factor\n", - "cos_fi2=cos(atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))-theta2*pi/180) #source 2 power factor\n", - "print \"Loss formula Coefficients in p.u. :\"\n", - "B11=(Na1**2*(Za.real)+Nb1**2*(Zb.real)+Nc1**2*(Zc.real)+Nd1**2*(Zd.real)+Ne1**2*(Ze.real))/(abs(V1)**2*cos_fi1) #p.u.\n", - "print \"B11 = %0.5f p.u \"%B11 \n", - "B22=(Na2**2*(Za.real)+Nb2**2*(Zb.real)+Nc2**2*(Zc.real)+Nd2**2*(Zd.real)+Ne2**2*(Ze.real))/(abs(V2)**2*cos_fi2) #p.u.\n", - "print \"B22 = %0.5f p.u\" %B22\n", - "B12=(Na1*Na2*(Za.real)+Nb1*Nb2*(Zb.real)+Nc1*Nc2*(Zc.real)+Nd1*Nd2*(Zd.real)+Ne1*Ne2*(Zc).real)/(abs(V1)*abs(V2)*cos_fi1*cos_fi2*(cos(theta1*pi/180-theta2*pi/180))) #p.u.\n", - "print \"B12 = %0.5f\"%B12,\"p.u \" \n", - "#Converting p.u. to actual value\n", - "print \"Loss formula Coefficients in MW**-1 :\"\n", - "B11=B11/base #MW**-1\n", - "print \"B11 = %0.5f\"%B11,\"MW**-1\" \n", - "B22=B22/base #MW**-1\n", - "print \"B22 = %0.5f\"%B22,\"MW**-1\" \n", - "B12=B12/base #MW**-1\n", - "print \"B12 = %0.5f\"%B12,\"MW**-1\" \n", - "#Note : Values calculated in the book are slightly wrong because of accuracy in calculation as compared to scilab accuracy." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Loss formula Coefficients in p.u. :\n", - "B11 = 0.07877 p.u \n", - "B22 = 0.07735 p.u\n", - "B12 = -0.00732 p.u \n", - "Loss formula Coefficients in MW**-1 :\n", - "B11 = 0.00079 MW**-1\n", - "B22 = 0.00077 MW**-1\n", - "B12 = -0.00007 MW**-1\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.8 page 54" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#dC1/dP1=0.2*P1+22 #Rs./MWh\n", - "#dC2/dP2=0.15*P2+30 #Rs./MWh\n", - "B22=0; B12=0 #Because Loss is independent wrt P2\n", - "P1=100 #MW\n", - "PL=15 #MW\n", - "B11=PL/P1**2 #MW**-1\n", - "L1=1/(1-0.003*P1)#Penalty Factor plant 1\n", - "L2=1 #Penalty Factor of plant 2\n", - "lamda=60 \n", - "#lamda=dC1/dP1*L1=dC2/dP2*L2\n", - "#dC1/dP1*L1=dC2/dP2*L2\n", - "P2=((0.2*P1+22)*L1-30)/0.15 #MW\n", - "P=P1+P2-B11*P1**2 #MW#Total Load\n", - "print \"Required generation at plant1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"Required generation at plant2 = %0.2f MW\" %P2\n", - "print \"Total Load = %0.2f MW \"%P " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Required generation at plant1 = 100.00 MW \n", - "Required generation at plant2 = 200.00 MW\n", - "Total Load = 285.00 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.9 page 55" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#dC1/dP1=0.2*P1+22 #Rs./MWh\n", - "#dC2/dP2=0.15*P2+30 #Rs./MWh\n", - "B22=0 ;B12=0 #Because Loss is independent wrt P2\n", - "P1=100 #MW\n", - "PL=15 #MW\n", - "B11=PL/P1**2 #MW**-1\n", - "L1=1/(1-0.003*P1) #Penalty Factor plant 1\n", - "L2=1 #Penalty Factor of plant 2\n", - "lamda=60 \n", - "#lamda=dC1/dP1*L1=dC2/dP2*L2\n", - "#dC1/dP1*L1=dC2/dP2*L2\n", - "P2=((0.2*P1+22)*L1-30)/0.15 #MW\n", - "P=P1+P2-B11*P1**2 #MW#Total Load\n", - "#dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 neglecting transmission loss\n", - "#clear('P2') #for recalculation\n", - "#0.2*P1-0.15*P2-8=0 #/eqn(1)\n", - "#P1=0.75*P2+40 #P1+P2-B11*P1**2-P=0 #eqn(2)\n", - "#1.75*P2-B11*P1**2=P-40\n", - "#Eqn=[-B11 1.75 40-P] \n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "P22 = symbols('P22')\n", - "Eqn=-B11*P22**2+1.75*P22+40-P \n", - "P22=solve(Eqn, P22)\n", - "P2=P22[0]#MW#neglecting higher value\n", - "P1=0.75*P2+40 #MW\n", - "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", - "dC1=quad(lambda P: 0.2*P+22,[100,P1]) #Rs.#Additional Cost plant1\n", - "dC2=quad(lambda P: 0.15*P+30,[200,P2]) #Rs.#Decreased Cost plant2\n", - "dC=dC1+dC2 #Rs./hour#Net change in cost\n", - "print \"Taking transmission loss in account, Net saving per hour in fuel cost = %0.2f Rs./hour \"%dC \n", - "#Note : Values calculated in the book are slightly wrong because of accuracy in calculation as compared to scilab accuracy." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Taking transmission loss in account, Net saving per hour in fuel cost = 854.74 Rs./hour \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.10 page 55" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "B11=0.001 #MW**-1\n", - "B22=0.0024 #MW**-1\n", - "B12=-0.0005 #MW**-1\n", - "#dC1/dP1=0.8*P1+16 #Rs./MWh\n", - "#dC2/dP2=0.08*P2+12 #Rs./MWh\n", - "lamda=20 \n", - "#Iterations for calculating value\n", - "P1 = range(0,10)\n", - "P1[0]=0 \n", - "P2 = range(0,10)\n", - "P2[0]=0 \n", - "for i in range(1,10):\n", - " P1[i] =( 0.2+0.001*P2[i-1])/0.006 \n", - " P2[i] = (0.4+0.001*P1[i])/0.0088 \n", - " if P1[i]==P1[i-1]:\n", - " break \n", - " \n", - "\n", - "P1=P1[i] #MW\n", - "print \"Generation P1 = %0.2f MW\" %P1\n", - "P2=P2[i] #MW\n", - "print \"Generation P2 = %02.f MW \"%P2 \n", - "PL=B11*P1**2+2*B12*P1*P2+B22*P2**2 #MW\n", - "print \"Transmission Loss = %0.2f MW \"%PL \n", - "Pr=P1+P2-PL #MW\n", - "print \"Received Power = %0.2f MW \"%Pr " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Generation P1 = 41.70 MW\n", - "Generation P2 = 50 MW \n", - "Transmission Loss = 5.69 MW \n", - "Received Power = 86.20 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 7 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.11 page 56" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#C1=561+7.92*P1+0.001562*P1**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "#C2=310+7.85*P2+0.00194*P2**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "a1=561 ;a2=310 \n", - "b1=7.92 ;b2=7.85 \n", - "c1=0.001562 ;c2=0.00194 \n", - "ce=c1*c2/(c1+c2) \n", - "be=ce*(b1/c1+b2/c2) \n", - "ae=a1-b1**2/4/c1+a2-b2**2/4/c2+be**2/4/ce \n", - "print \"Coefficients are : \" \n", - "print \"ae = \",(ae),\" & be = \",(be)\n", - "print \"ce = \",ce\n", - "from sympy import symbols\n", - "PT = symbols('PT') \n", - "CT = round(ae,2)+round(be,2)*PT+round(ce,4)*PT**2\n", - "print \"Cost Characteristics : \",CT\n", - "#print \"CT=870.753+7.8888*PT+0.0008653*PT**2\" " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Coefficients are : \n", - "ae = 870.650199886 & be = 7.88877784123\n", - "ce = 0.000865299828669\n", - "Cost Characteristics : 0.0009*PT**2 + 7.89*PT + 870.65\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.12 page 57" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from sympy import symbols,solve\n", - "#C1=7700+52.8*P1+5.5*10**-3*P1**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "#C2=2500+15*P2+0.05*P2**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "a1=7700 ;a2=2500 \n", - "b1=52.8 ;b2=15 \n", - "c1=5.5*10**-3 ;c2=0.05 \n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "dC1bydP1=52.8+2*5.5*10**-3*P1 \n", - "dC2bydP2=15+2*0.05*P2 \n", - "print \"For 1200 MW Load :\" \n", - "P=1200 #MW\n", - "#Let loads of unit are P1 & 1200-P1\n", - "#Economical Loading dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2\n", - "eqn=52.8+2*5.5*10**-3*P1-15-2*0.05*(1200-P1) \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=P-P1 #MW\n", - "print \"P1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"P2 = %0.2f MW \"%P2 \n", - "print \"For 900 MW Load :\" \n", - "P=900 #MW\n", - "#clear('P1','P2') \n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "#Let loads of unit are P1 & 900-P1\n", - "#Economical Loading dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2\n", - "eqn=52.8+2*5.5*10**-3*P1-15-2*0.05*(900-P1) \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=P-P1 #MW\n", - "print \"P1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"P2 = %0.2f MW \"%P2 \n", - "print \"For 500 MW Load :\" \n", - "P=500 #MW\n", - "#clear('P1','P2') \n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "#Let loads of unit are P1 & 500-P1\n", - "#Economical Loading dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2\n", - "eqn=52.8+2*5.5*10**-3*P1-15-2*0.05*(500-P1) \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=P-P1 #MW\n", - "#Minimum load is 200MW\n", - "if P1<200:\n", - " P2=P1+P2\n", - " P1=0 \n", - "print \"P1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"P2 = %0.2f MW \"%P2 \n", - "C=(2500+15*P2+0.05*P2**2)*10 #Rs.#Operating cost for 10 hour\n", - "print \"Operating cost for 10 hour = %0.2f Rs. \"%C \n", - "print \"Other option : \" \n", - "P1=200 #MW\n", - "P2=300 #MW\n", - "print \"P1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"P2 = %0.2f MW \"%P2 \n", - "C1=7700+52.8*P1+5.5*10**-3*P1**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=2500+15*P2+0.05*P2**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "C=10*(C1+C2) #Rs.#Operating cost for 10 hour\n", - "print \"Operating cost for 10 hour = %0.2f Rs. \"%C \n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "For 1200 MW Load :\n", - "P1 = 740.54 MW \n", - "P2 = 459.46 MW \n", - "For 900 MW Load :\n", - "P1 = 470.27 MW " - ] - }, - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "\n", - "P2 = 429.73 MW \n", - "For 500 MW Load :\n", - "P1 = 0.00 MW \n", - "P2 = 500.00 MW \n", - "Operating cost for 10 hour = 225000.00 Rs. \n", - "Other option : \n", - "P1 = 200.00 MW \n", - "P2 = 300.00 MW \n", - "Operating cost for 10 hour = 299800.00 Rs. \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 9 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.13 page 58" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#C1=2000+20*P1+0.05*P1**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "#C2=2750+26*P2+0.03091*P2**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "P1=350 #MW\n", - "P2=550 #MW\n", - "C1=2000+20*P1+0.05*P1**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=2750+26*P2+0.03091*P2**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "C=C1+C2 #Rs./hour\n", - "print \"(a) Total Cost = %0.2f Rs./hour \"%C \n", - "P=P1+P2 #MW#Total Load\n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "dC1bydP1=20+2*0.05*P1 \n", - "dC2bydP2=26+2*0.03091*P2 \n", - "print \"(b) For Economic Scheduling\"\n", - "#dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 for economic sheduling\n", - "#Let loads of unit are P1 & P-P1\n", - "eqn=20+2*0.05*P1-26-2*0.03091*(P-P1) \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=P-P1 #MW\n", - "print \"Loads P1 & P2 = %0.2f & %0.2f MW\"%(P1, P2)\n", - "C1=2000+20*P1+0.05*P1**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=2750+26*P2+0.03091*P2**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "Cnew=C1+C2 #Rs./hour\n", - "print \"Total Cost = %0.2f Rs./hour \"%Cnew \n", - "saving=C-Cnew #Rs./hour\n", - "print \"Total saving %0.2f Rs./hour \"%saving \n", - "Lt=P1-350 #MW#Tie line load\n", - "print \"Tie line load from Plant1 to Plant2 = %0.2f MW \"%Lt" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "(a) Total Cost = 41525.28 Rs./hour \n", - "(b) For Economic Scheduling\n", - "Loads P1 & P2 = 380.90 & 519.10 MW" - ] - }, - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "\n", - "Total Cost = 41448.00 Rs./hour \n", - "Total saving 77.28 Rs./hour \n", - "Tie line load from Plant1 to Plant2 = 30.90 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.14 page 59" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#C=5000+450*P+0.5*P**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "e1=+2 #%#error\n", - "e2=-2 #%#error\n", - "P=200 #MW#Total Load\n", - "#Considering error\n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "C1=(5000+450*P+0.5*P1**2)*0.98 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=(5000+450*P+0.5*P2**2)*1.02 #Rs./hour\n", - "#Let loads of unit are P1 & P-P1\n", - "#dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 for economic sheduling\n", - "eqn=450*0.98+2*0.5*P1*0.98-450*1.02-2*0.5*(P-P1)*1.02 \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=P-P1 #MW\n", - "#if no instrumention error\n", - "C1=(5000+450*P1+0.5*P1**2)*0.98 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=(5000+450*P2+0.5*P2**2)*1.02 #Rs./hour\n", - "C=C1+C2 #Rs./hour\n", - "#Due to intrumentation error\n", - "P1=P/2 #MW\n", - "P2=P/2 #MW\n", - "C1=(5000+450*P1+0.5*P1**2)*0.98 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=(5000+450*P2+0.5*P2**2)*1.02 #Rs./hour\n", - "Cerr=C1+C2 #Rs./hour\n", - "Cextra=Cerr-C #Rs,/hour\n", - "print \"Extra operating cost = %0.2f Rs./hour \"%Cextra " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Extra operating cost = 121.00 Rs./hour \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 11 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.15 page 59" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "P1, P2, P3 = symbols('P1 P2 P3')\n", - "Q1=0.002*P1**2+0.86*P1+20 #tons/hour\n", - "Q2=0.004*P2**2+1.08*P2+20 #tons/hour\n", - "Q3=0.0028*P3**2+0.64*P3+36 #tons/hour\n", - "Pmax=120 #MW\n", - "Pmin=36 #MW\n", - "P=200 #MW\n", - "C=500 #Rs./ton\n", - "#C1=C*Q1 C2=C*Q2 C3=C*Q3 #Rs./ton\n", - "dC1bydP1=2*P1+430 #Rs./hour\n", - "dC2bydP2=4*P2+540 #Rs./hour\n", - "dC3bydP3=2.8*P3+320 #Rs./hour\n", - "#P1+P2+P3=P\n", - "A1=[1 ,1 ,1] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B1=[P] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#For minimal cost above 3 equation should be equal\n", - "#eqn1=2*P1-4*P2+430-540 \n", - "#eqn2=4*P2-2.8*P3-320+540 \n", - "A2=[0 ,4 ,-2.8] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B2=[-540+320] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#eqn3=-2*P1+2.8*P3+320-430 \n", - "A3=[-2 ,0 ,2.8] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B3=[430-320] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#solving by matrix method\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "A=np.mat([A1[:] ,A2[:], A3[:]]) #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B=[B1 ,B2 ,B3] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "X=A**-1*B #Solution Matrix\n", - "P1=X[0] #MW\n", - "P2=X[1] #MW\n", - "P3=X[2] #MW\n", - "Pmax=120 #MW\n", - "Pmin=36 #MW\n", - "if P2<Pmin:\n", - " P2=Pmin #MW \n", - "\n", - "#P1+P3=P-P2#eqn(4)\n", - "A1=[1 ,1] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B1=[P-P2] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#eqn3=-2*P1+2.8*P3+320-430 \n", - "A2=[-2, 2.8] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B2=[430-320] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#solving by matrix method\n", - "A=np.mat([A1[:], A2[:]]) #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B=np.mat([B1[:], B2[:]]) #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "X=A**-1*B #Solution Matrix\n", - "P1=X[0] #MW\n", - "P3=X[1] #MW\n", - "print \"According to optimum scheduling, Load distriution is :\" \n", - "print \"P1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"P2 = %0.2f MW \"%P2 \n", - "print \"P3 = %0.2f MW \"%P3 " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "According to optimum scheduling, Load distriution is :\n", - "P1 = 72.75 MW \n", - "P2 = 36.00 MW \n", - "P3 = 91.25 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 12 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.16 page 60" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L=30 #MW\n", - "#I=(32+32*L+1.68*L**2)*10**5 \n", - "t1=18 #/hours\n", - "t2=6 #/hours\n", - "#Full load 18 hours\n", - "I1=(32+32*L+1.68*L**2)*10**5*t1 #kJ\n", - "#Half load 6 hours\n", - "I2=(32+32*L/2+1.68*(L/2)**2)*10**5*t2\n", - "I=I1+I2 #kJ\n", - "print \"(a) Heat input per day = %0.2e kJ \"%I \n", - "E=L*t1+L/2*t2 #MWh#/Energy produced in 24 hours\n", - "Lu=E/(t1+t2) #MW\n", - "Inew=(32+32*Lu+1.68*Lu**2)*10**5*(t1+t2) #kJ\n", - "saving=I-Inew #/kJ\n", - "saving=saving/(E*1000) #kJ/kWh\n", - "print \"(b) Saving in heat per kWh of energy = %0.2f kJ/kWh \" %saving" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "(a) Heat input per day = 5.04e+09 kJ \n", - "(b) Saving in heat per kWh of energy = 270.00 kJ/kWh \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 13 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.17 page 61" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "P=800 #MW(Total Load)\n", - "#Using Variable for Cost Curve Equation\n", - "P1, P2, P3 = symbols('P1 P2 P3')\n", - "#Cost Curve Equation\n", - "C1=450+6.5*P1+0.0013*P1**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=300+7.8*P2+0.0019*P2**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "C3=80+8.1*P3+0.005*P3**2 #Rs./hour\n", - "#Part(a) is not computational\n", - "#Part (b)\n", - "dC1BydP1=6.5+2*0.0013*P1 #Rs./MWh#/eqn(1)\n", - "dC2BydP2=7.8+2*0.0019*P2 #Rs./MWh#/eqn(2)\n", - "dC3BydP3=8.1+2*0.005*P3 #Rs./MWh#/eqn(3)\n", - "#P1+P2+P3=P #MW#/eqn(4)\n", - "A1=[1 ,1 ,1] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B1=[800] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#Equating eqn(1) & (2)\n", - "A2=[2*0.0013, -2*0.0019, 0] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B2=[7.8-6.5] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#Equating eqn(2) & (3)\n", - "A3=[0 ,2*0.0019, -2*0.005] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B3=[8.1-7.8] #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "#Solution By Matrix method\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "A=np.mat([A1[:], A2[:], A3]) #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "B=np.mat([B1[:], B2[:], B3[:]]) #Coefficient Matrix\n", - "X=A**-1*B #Solution Matrix\n", - "P1=X[0] #MW\n", - "P2=X[1] #MW\n", - "P3=X[2] #MW\n", - "print \"(b) According to optimum scheduling, Load distriution is :\" \n", - "print \"P1 = %0.2f MW\" %P1\n", - "print \"P2 = %0.2f MW\" %P2\n", - "print \"P3 = %0.2f MW\" %P3\n", - "#Part(c)\n", - "print \"(c) Optimum scheduling : \" \n", - "P1max=600 #MW\n", - "P1min=100 #MW\n", - "P2max=400 #MW\n", - "P2min=50 #MW\n", - "P3max=200 #MW\n", - "P3min=50 #MW\n", - "if P2<P2max and P2>P2min:\n", - " print \"P2 is within maximum and minimum limits.\" \n", - " P1=P1max #MW\n", - " P3=P3min #MW\n", - " P2=P-P1-P3 #MW\n", - "\n", - "#Lambda=dC2/dP2 as P2 is niether maximum limit nor minimum limit.\n", - "dC2BydP2=7.8+2*0.0019*P2 #Rs./MWh\n", - "lamda=dC2BydP2 #Rs./MWh\n", - "dC1BydP1=6.5+2*0.0013*P1 #Rs./MWh\n", - "dC3BydP3=8.1+2*0.005*P3 #Rs./MWh\n", - "if dC1BydP1<lamda :\n", - " print \"Condition for P1 satisfied.\" \n", - "\n", - "if dC3BydP3>lamda:\n", - " print \"Condition for P3 satisfied.\" \n", - "\n", - "print \"Load distribution is : \" \n", - "print \"P1 = %0.2f MW\" %P1\n", - "print \"P2 = %0.2f MW\" %P2\n", - "print \"P3 = %0.2f MW\" %P3" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "(b) According to optimum scheduling, Load distriution is :\n", - "P1 = 669.73 MW\n", - "P2 = 116.13 MW\n", - "P3 = 14.13 MW\n", - "(c) Optimum scheduling : \n", - "P2 is within maximum and minimum limits.\n", - "Condition for P1 satisfied.\n", - "Condition for P3 satisfied.\n", - "Load distribution is : \n", - "P1 = 600.00 MW\n", - "P2 = 150.00 MW\n", - "P3 = 50.00 MW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 14 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.18 page 62" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "import numpy as np\n", - "Bmn=np.mat([[0.0676, 0.00953, -0.00507],[0.00953 ,0.0521, 0.00901],[-0.00507, 0.00901, 0.0294]]) #Loss Coefficient\n", - "Bno=np.mat([[-0.0766],[0.00342],[0.0189]]) #Loss Coefficient\n", - "Boo=0.04357 #Loss Coefficient\n", - "P1=107.9 #MW\n", - "P2=50 #MW\n", - "P3=60 #MW\n", - "#solution : \n", - "#PL=np.mat([[P1], [P2], [P3]])*Bmn+np.mat([[P1], [P2], [P3]])*Bno+Boo #MW\n", - "PL=np.mat([P1, P2, P3])*Bmn+np.mat([P1, P2, P3])*Bno+Boo #MW\n", - "pl= 0\n", - "for x in range(0,1):\n", - " for y in range(0,3):\n", - " pl+= PL[x,y]\n", - "print \"Transmission Loss = %0.2f MW \"%-pl \n", - "#Note : Values calculated in the book are slightly wrong because of accuracy in calculation as compared to scilab accuracy." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Transmission Loss = 7.44 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 15 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.19 page 64" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#lambda1=0.1*P1+20 #Rs./MWh\n", - "#lambda2=0.12*P2+16 #Rs./MWh\n", - "P=180 #MW\n", - "#Let loads are P1 & P-P1\n", - "#Economical loading lambda1=lambda2\n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "eqn=0.1*P1+20-0.12*(P-P1)-16 \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=P-P1 #MW\n", - "print \"Load P1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"Load P2 = %0.2f MW \"%P2" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Load P1 = 80.00 MW \n", - "Load P2 = 100.00 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 16 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.20 page 65" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#F1=0.004*P1**2+2*P1+80 #Rs./hr\n", - "#F2=0.006*P2**2+1.5*P2+100 #Rs./hr\n", - "P=250 #MW\n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "dF1bydP1=2*0.004*P1+2 \n", - "dF2bydP2=2*0.006*P2+1.5 \n", - "#Let loads are P1 & P-P1\n", - "#Economical loading lambda1=lambda2\n", - "eqn=2*0.004*P1+2-2*0.006*(P-P1)-1.5 \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=P-P1 #MW\n", - "print \"Load P1 = %0.2f MW \"%P1 \n", - "print \"Load P2 = %0.2f MW \"%P2" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Load P1 = 125.00 MW \n", - "Load P2 = 125.00 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 17 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.21 page 65" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#F1=(8*P1+0.024*P1**2+80)*10**6 #Btu./hr\n", - "#F2=(6*P2+0.04*P2**2+120)*10**6 #Btu./hr\n", - "Pmax=100 #MW\n", - "Pmin=10 #MW\n", - "C=2.5 #Rs./million Btu\n", - "#C1=2.5*F1/10**6\n", - "#C2=2.5*F2/10**6\n", - "#For Maximum Load of 100 MW\n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "dC1bydP1=8*2.5+2.5*2*0.024*P1 \n", - "dC2bydP2=6*2.5+2.5*2*0.04*P2 \n", - "#Let loads are P1 & Pmax-P1\n", - "#Economical loading lambda1=lambda2\n", - "eqn=8*2.5+2.5*2*0.024*P1-6*2.5-2.5*2*0.04*(Pmax-P1) \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=Pmax-P1 #MW\n", - "C1=2.5*((8*P1+0.024*P1**2+80)*10**6)/10**6 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=2.5*((6*P2+0.04*P2**2+120)*10**6)/10**6 #Rs./hour\n", - "C100=(C1+C2)*12 #Rs.(Total cost of 12 hours on 100MW load)\n", - "#For Maximum load of 50 MW\n", - "#Let loads are P1 & Pmax-P1\n", - "#Economical loading : lambda1=lambda2\n", - "Pmax1=50 #MW\n", - "P1, P2 = symbols('P1 P2')\n", - "eqn=8*2.5+2.5*2*0.024*P1-6*2.5-2.5*2*0.04*(Pmax1-P1) \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P2=Pmax1-P1 #MW\n", - "C1=2.5*((8*P1+0.024*P1**2+80)*10**6)/10**6 #Rs./hour\n", - "C2=2.5*((6*P2+0.04*P2**2+120)*10**6)/10**6 #Rs./hour\n", - "C50=(C1+C2)*12 #Rs.(Total cost of 12 hours on 50MW load)\n", - "C=C100+C50 #Rs.(Total cost for 24 hours)\n", - "print \"Minimum total cost for 24 hours = %0.2f Rs. \"%C \n", - "E=(Pmax*12+Pmax1*12)*10**3 #kWh\n", - "#Operating cost per unit energy\n", - "Co=C/E #Rs./kWh\n", - "print \"Operating cost per unit energy = %0.2f Rs./kWh \"%Co \n", - "#Answer is wrong in the textbook. Calculation mistake in energy generation calculation & Cost calculation.\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Minimum total cost for 24 hours = 49312.50 Rs. \n", - "Operating cost per unit energy = 0.03 Rs./kWh \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 18 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.22 page 66" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#F1=0.05*P1**2+21.5*P1+800 #Rs./hr\n", - "#F2=0.1*P2**2+27*P2+500 #Rs./hr\n", - "#F3=0.07*P3**2+16*P3+900 #Rs./hr\n", - "PT=200 #MW\n", - "Pmax=120 #MW\n", - "Pmin=39 #MW\n", - "#coefficients : \n", - "c1=0.05; c2=0.1; c3=0.07 \n", - "b1=21.5 ;b2=27 ;b3=16 \n", - "a1=800 ;a2=500 ;a3=900 \n", - "lamda=(1/2*(b1/c1+b2/c2+b3/c3)+PT)/(1/2*(1/c1+1/c2+1/c3)) \n", - "#Economical loading dF1/dP1=dF2/dP2=dF3/dP3\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "P1=symbols('P1') \n", - "P2=symbols('P2') \n", - "P3=symbols('P3') \n", - "dF1bydP1=2*0.05*P1+21.5 \n", - "dF2bydP2=2*0.1*P2+27 \n", - "dF2bydP3=2*0.07*P3+16 \n", - "#Solving equation :\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "A=np.mat([[2*0.05 ,0 ,0] ,[0 ,2*0.1, 0], [0, 0, 2*0.07]]) \n", - "B=np.mat([[lamda-21.5], [lamda-27], [lamda-16]]) \n", - "X=A**-1*B \n", - "P1=X[0] #MW\n", - "P2=X[1] #MW\n", - "P3=X[2] #MW\n", - "if P2<Pmin:\n", - " P2=Pmin \n", - "\n", - "P1plusP3=PT-P2 #MW\n", - "#dF1/dP1=dF3/dP3\n", - "#Let loads are P1 & P1plusP3-P1\n", - "P1=symbols('P1') \n", - "P3=symbols('P3') \n", - "eqn=2*0.05*P1+21.5-2*0.07*(P1plusP3-P1)-16 \n", - "P1=solve(eqn, P1)[0] #MW\n", - "P3=P1plusP3-P1 #MW\n", - "print \"Optimum scheduling :\" \n", - "print \"Loads P1, P2 & P3 are %0.2f, %0.2f & %0.2f MWs \" %(P1, P2, P3)\n", - "F1=0.05*P1**2+21.5*P1+800 #Rs./hr\n", - "F2=0.1*P2**2+27*P2+500 #Rs./hr\n", - "F3=0.07*P3**2+16*P3+900 #Rs./hr\n", - "C=F1+F2+F3 #Rs/hour\n", - "print \"For this schedule, total cost per hour = %0.2f Rs./hour \" %C" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Optimum scheduling :\n", - "Loads P1, P2 & P3 are 71.00, 39.00 & 90.00 MWs \n", - "For this schedule, total cost per hour = 7190.65 Rs./hour \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 19 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.23 page 67" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#dF1/dP1=0.025*P1+15 #\n", - "#dF2/dP2=0.05*P2+20 #\n", - "PL=15.625 #MW\n", - "P1=125 #MW\n", - "lamda=24 #Rs. per MWh\n", - "B11=PL/P1**2 #Coefficient Loss\n", - "#dF2/dP2*L2=lambda\n", - "P2=symbols('P2') \n", - "L2=1 #penalty factor\n", - "eqn=(0.05*P2+20)*L2-lamda \n", - "P2=solve(eqn, P2)[0] #MW\n", - "#PL=B11*P1**2\n", - "P1=symbols('P1') \n", - "dPLbydP1=2*B11*P1 \n", - "L1=1/(1-dPLbydP1) #penalty factor\n", - "eqn=(0.025*P1+15)-lamda/L1\n", - "#P1=solve(numer(eqn)) #MW\n", - "P1=solve((eqn), P1)[0] #MW\n", - "print \"Generation P1 & P2 are %0.2f & %0.2f MW\"%(P1, P2)\n", - "PL=B11*P1**2 #MW\n", - "LD=P1-PL+P2 #MW\n", - "print \"Load Demand = %0.2f MW \"%LD " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Generation P1 & P2 are 123.29 & 80.00 MW\n", - "Load Demand = 188.09 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 20 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 2.24 page 68" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "#dC1/dP1=0.02*P1+16 #\n", - "#dC2/dP2=0.04*P2+20 #\n", - "PL=10 #MW\n", - "P1=100 #MW\n", - "lamda=25 #Rs. per MWh\n", - "B11=PL/P1**2; B22=0; B12=0 #Coefficient Loss\n", - "#dF2/dP2*L2=lambda\n", - "P2=symbols('P2') \n", - "L2=1 #penalty factor\n", - "eqn=(0.04*P2+20)*L2-lamda \n", - "P2=solve(eqn, P2)[0] #MW\n", - "#PL=B11*P1**2\n", - "P1=symbols('P1') \n", - "dPLbydP1=2*B11*P1 \n", - "L1=1/(1-dPLbydP1) #penalty factor\n", - "eqn=(0.02*P1+16)-lamda/L1\n", - "P1=solve((eqn), P1)[0] #MW\n", - "print \"Generation P1 & P2 are %0.2f & %0.2f MW\"%(P1, P2)\n", - "PL=B11*P1**2 #MW\n", - "LD=P1-PL+P2 #MW\n", - "print \"Load Demand = %0.2f MW \"%LD" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Generation P1 & P2 are 128.57 & 125.00 MW\n", - "Load Demand = 237.04 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 21 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter3.ipynb b/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter3.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index f49e3430..00000000 --- a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter3.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:069f3652d0985b68c88deb4b29ec7c9faf615f62221a7a1d559cf07f972df11e" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ch-3 : Hydrothermal Coordination" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 3.1 page 83" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "head=205 #m(Mean Head)\n", - "A=1000 #km**2(Catchment area)\n", - "rf=125 #cm(Annual Rainfall)\n", - "a=80 #%(Available rainfall for power generation)\n", - "LF=75 #%(Load factor)\n", - "head_loss=5 #m(Head Loss)\n", - "Eta_turbine=0.9 #Efficiency of turbine\n", - "Eta_generator=0.95 #Efficiency of generator\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "WaterUsed=A*10**6*rf/100*a/100 #m**3/year(Discharge)\n", - "WaterUsed=WaterUsed/(365*24*60*60) #m**3/sec\n", - "Eff_Head=head-head_loss #m(Effective Head)\n", - "P=735.5/75*WaterUsed*Eff_Head*Eta_turbine*Eta_generator/1000 #MW(Load of station)\n", - "Ppeak=P/(LF/100) #MW(Peak Load )\n", - "print \"MW rating of station = %0.2f MW\"%Ppeak \n", - "#type ot turbine\n", - "if head>200:\n", - " print \"Pelton turbine is more suitable because head>200 meter.\" \n", - "else:\n", - " print \"Pelton turbine is not suitable\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "MW rating of station = 70.90 MW\n", - "Pelton turbine is more suitable because head>200 meter.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 3.2 page 85" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "WF=50 #m**3/sec(Water flow)\n", - "head=90 #m\n", - "LF=75 #%(Load factor)\n", - "Eta=90 #%(Efficiency of hydro plant)\n", - "L=5 #%(Transmission losses)\n", - "TC=350 #MW\n", - "hp=140 #MW#Hydro power\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "P=735.5/75*WF*head*Eta/100/1000 #MW(Power available)\n", - "Pnet=P*(100-L)/100 #MW#/Net Available hydro power\n", - "E=Pnet*24 #MW-hours##Hydro Energy\n", - "print \"Available hydro energy = %0.2f MW-hours\"%E\n", - "C1=hp/((100-L)/100) #MW#Capacity of hydro plant\n", - "print \"Capacity of hydro plant = %0.2f MW \"%C1 \n", - "C2=TC-hp #MW#Capacity of thermal plant\n", - "print \"Capacity of thermal plant = %0.2f MW \"%C2" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Available hydro energy = 905.55 MW-hours\n", - "Capacity of hydro plant = 147.37 MW \n", - "Capacity of thermal plant = 210.00 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 3.3 page 92" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "P1=700 #MW(Load for 14 hours)\n", - "P2=500 #MW(Load for 10 hours)\n", - "B22=0.0005 #Loss Coefficient\n", - "t1=14 #hour\n", - "t2=10 #hour\n", - "r2=2.5 #Rs/hour/(m**3/sec\n", - "#Characteristics of units : \n", - "#C1=(24+0.02*P1)*P1 #Rs./hour\n", - "#W2=(6+0.0025*P2)*P2 #m**3/sec\n", - "lamda=37.944 #Rs./MWh(For peak load conditions)\n", - "P1=348.6 #MW(For peak load conditions)\n", - "P2=454.84 #MW(For peak load conditions)\n", - "PL=103.44 #MW(For peak load conditions)\n", - "lambda_dash=31.73 #Rs./MWh(For peak load conditions)\n", - "P1_dash=193.25 #MW(For peak off conditions)\n", - "P2_dash=378.25 #MW(For peak off conditions)\n", - "PL_dash=71.50 #MW(For peak off conditions)\n", - "W=((6+0.0025*P2)*P2*t1+(6+0.0025*P2_dash)*P2_dash*t2)*3600/10**3 #m**3#D3ily water used\n", - "print \"Daily water used by plant = %0.2f m**3\" %W\n", - "C=(24+0.02*P1)*P1*t1+(24+0.02*P1_dash)*P1_dash*t2 #Rs.\n", - "print \"Daily operating cost of plant = %0.2f Rs. \"%C " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Daily water used by plant = 258189.00 m**3\n", - "Daily operating cost of plant = 205004.86 Rs. \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 3.4 page 93" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "t1=14 #hour(working hour of hydro station)\n", - "t2=24 #hour(Working hour of steam station)\n", - "#Characteristics of units : \n", - "#C=(5+8*Ps+0.05*Ps**2) #Rs./hour\n", - "#dW/dPh=30+0.05*Ph #m**3/MW-sec\n", - "W=500*10**6 #m**3(Water Quantity used)\n", - "Ps=250 #MW(Load on steam station)\n", - "lamda=8+0.1*Ps #Rs./MW-hour\n", - "#W=Ph*(30+0.05*Ph)*t1*3600 #\n", - "#0.05*Ph**2*t1*3600+Ph*30*t1*3600-W=0\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "Ph=symbols('Ph') \n", - "Ph=solve(0.05*Ph**2*t1*3600+Ph*30*t1*3600-W, Ph) #MW\n", - "Ph=Ph[1] #MW#Leaving negative root\n", - "print \"Load on hydro plant = %0.2f MW\"%Ph \n", - "r=lamda/(30+0.05*Ph) #Rs./hour/(m**3/sec)\n", - "print \"Cost of water use = %0.2f Rs./hour/(m**3/sec)\"%r \n", - "#Answer is slightly differ due to accuracy in calculations." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Load on hydro plant = 237.04 MW\n", - "Cost of water use = 0.79 Rs./hour/(m**3/sec)\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter4.ipynb b/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter4.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 79e88e49..00000000 --- a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter4.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,377 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:d4343686248bdcf3008e99590e00a02578e59b6d649633ef952a482176f262f1" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ch-4 : Modelling of Turbine, Generator & Automatic Controllers" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 4.1 page 107" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "kVA=4000 #kVA#rating\n", - "f1_nl=50 #Hz(No load frequency of machine1)\n", - "f1_fl=47.5 #Hz(No load frequency of machine1)\n", - "f2_nl=50 #Hz(No load frequency of machine2)\n", - "f2_fl=48 #Hz(No load frequency of machine2)\n", - "L=6000 #kW(Load)\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "L1=symbols('L1') #Load of machine1\n", - "#f1_nl-(f1_nl-f1_fl)*L1/kVA=f1_nl-(f2_nl-f2_fl)*L2/kVA where L2=L-L1\n", - "L1=(f2_nl-f2_fl)*L/((f1_nl-f1_fl)+(f2_nl-f2_fl)) #kW\n", - "L2=L-L1 #kW\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "print \"Load supplied by first machine = %0.2f kW\"%L1 \n", - "print \"Load supplied by second machine = %0.2f kW \"%L2 \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "L2=4000 #kW#Machine2 is supplying 4000kW\n", - "fdrop1=f1_nl-f1_fl #Hz(frequency drop of machine 1)\n", - "fdrop2=f2_nl-f2_fl #Hz(frequency drop of machine 2)\n", - "L1=L2*fdrop2/fdrop1 #kW#Load supplied by machine 1\n", - "L=L1+L2 #kW#Total Load\n", - "print \"Total load supplied without getting over loaded = %0.2f kW\"%L" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Load supplied by first machine = 2666.67 kW\n", - "Load supplied by second machine = 3333.33 kW \n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Total load supplied without getting over loaded = 7200.00 kW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 4.2 page 107" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import degrees, acos, asin, atan, sqrt, cos, sin\n", - "Lt=3000 #kW#Total Load\n", - "pf=0.8 #Power factor Lagging\n", - "I=150 #A\n", - "ZA=0.4+1J*12 #ohm#synchronous impedence\n", - "ZB=0.5+1J*10 #ohm#synchronous impedence\n", - "Vt=6.6 #kV#Terminal Voltage\n", - "L=Lt/2 #kW#Load supplied by each machine\n", - "LA=L #kW\n", - "LB=L #kW\n", - "#LB=sqrt(3)*Vt*IB*cosd(theta_B) \n", - "theta_B=acos(LB/sqrt(3)/Vt/I) #radian\n", - "IB=I*(cos(theta_B)-1J*sin(theta_B)) #A\n", - "I_total=Lt/sqrt(3)/Vt/pf #A#Total Current\n", - "IA_plus_IB=I_total*(0.8-1J*0.6) #A\n", - "IA=IA_plus_IB-IB #A\n", - "cos_thetaA=(IA).real/abs(IA) #lagging power factor\n", - "EA=Vt/sqrt(3)+IA*ZA/1000 #kV per phase\n", - "del_A=atan((EA).imag/(EA).real) #radian#Load Angle\n", - "emf_A=abs(EA) #kV per phase#Induced emf of machine A\n", - "EB=Vt/sqrt(3)+IB*ZB/1000 #kV per phase\n", - "del_B=atan((EB).imag/(EB).real) #radian#Load Angle\n", - "emf_B=abs(EB) #kV per phase#Induced emf of machine A\n", - "IA=abs(IA) #A\n", - "print \"Current on machine A = %0.2f A \"%IA \n", - "pfA=cos_thetaA #power factor\n", - "print \"Lagging power factor of machine A = %0.4f\"%pfA \n", - "print \"Induced emf of machine A = %0.2f kV per phase \"%emf_A, \n", - "print \"Load angle of machine A = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(del_A) \n", - "print \"Load angle of machine B = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(del_B) \n", - "print \"Induced emf of machine B = %0.2f kV per phase\"%emf_B \n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Current on machine A = 180.64 A \n", - "Lagging power factor of machine A = 0.7264\n", - "Induced emf of machine A = 5.57 kV per phase Load angle of machine A = 15.90 degree \n", - "Load angle of machine B = 15.49 degree \n", - "Induced emf of machine B = 4.78 kV per phase\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 4.3 page 111" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "from math import pi\n", - "P=5 #MVA\n", - "V=1000 #V\n", - "speed=1500 #rpm#speed\n", - "ns=speed/60 #rps\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "pf=0.8 #Power factor Lagging\n", - "Xs=20 #%#synchronous reluctance\n", - "Xs=Xs/100 #/p.u.\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "V=1 #p.u.#on no load\n", - "E=1 #p.u.#on no load\n", - "Ps=V*E/Xs #p.u.\n", - "Ps=Ps*P #MW per elect. radian\n", - "Ps=Ps*1000 #kW per elect. radian\n", - "#1 mech. radian=pi/90 elect. radian\n", - "Ps=Ps*pi/90 #kW per mech. degree\n", - "print \"Synchronising power per mech. degree = %0.2f kW\"%Ps \n", - "d=0.5 #degree##displacement\n", - "Ts=Ps*1000*d/2/pi/ns #N-m\n", - "print \"Synchronising torque = %0.2f N-m\"%Ts \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "theta=acos(pf) #radian\n", - "E=V+(cos(theta)-1J*sin(theta))*1J*Xs #p.u.\n", - "Ps=V*E/Xs #p.u.\n", - "Ps=Ps*P #MW per elect. radian\n", - "Ps=Ps*1000 #kW per elect. radian\n", - "#1 mech. radian=pi/90 elect. radian\n", - "Ps=Ps*pi/90 #kW per mech. degree\n", - "Ps=abs(Ps) #kW per mech. degree\n", - "print \"Synchronising power per mech. degree = %0.2f kW \"%Ps \n", - "d=0.5 #degree##displacement\n", - "Ts=abs(Ps)*1000*d/2/pi/ns #N-m\n", - "print \"Synchronising torque = %0.2f N-m \"%Ts \n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Synchronising power per mech. degree = 872.66 kW\n", - "Synchronising torque = 2777.78 N-m\n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Synchronising power per mech. degree = 987.31 kW \n", - "Synchronising torque = 3142.70 N-m \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 4.4 page 112" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "P=2 #MVA\n", - "V=6000 #V\n", - "speed=750 #rpm#speed\n", - "ns=speed/60 #rps\n", - "Zs=6 #ohm/phase\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "pf=0.8 #Power factor Lagging\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "I=P*10**6/sqrt(3)/V #A#Current\n", - "theta=acos(pf) #radian\n", - "E=V/sqrt(3)+I*(cos(theta)-1J*sin(theta))*1J*Zs #V\n", - "Ps=V*sqrt(3)*E/Zs/1000 #kw per elect. radian\n", - "Ps=Ps*4*pi/180 #kW per mech. degree\n", - "Ps=abs(Ps) #kW per mech. degree\n", - "print \"Synchronising power per mech. degree = %0.2f kW \"%Ps \n", - "Ts=abs(Ps)*1000/2/pi/ns #N-m\n", - "print \"Synchronising torque = %0.2f N-m\" %Ts\n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Synchronising power per mech. degree = 514.92 kW \n", - "Synchronising torque = 6556.12 N-m\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 4.5 page 112" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "I=100 #A#/Current\n", - "V=11 #kV\n", - "Xs=4 #ohm/phase\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "pf=0.8 #Power factor Lagging\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "theta=acos(pf) #radian\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "E=V*1000/sqrt(3)+I*(cos(theta)-1J*sin(theta))*1J*Xs #V\n", - "Del=atan((E).imag/(E).real) #radian\n", - "E=abs(E) #V/phase\n", - "print \"Open circuit phase emf %0.2f V/phase \"%E \n", - "print \"Angle delta = %0.2f degree\"%degrees(Del) \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "del_dash=10+degrees(Del) #degree\n", - "P_by_V=E*sin(del_dash*pi/180)/Xs #per phase\n", - "#P=V*I*cos_fi\n", - "I_cos_fi=P_by_V \n", - "#V*1000/sqrt(3)+I*(cos_fi-%i*sin_fi)*%i*Xs=E\n", - "I_sin_fi=(sqrt(E**2-(4*I_cos_fi**2))-V*1000/sqrt(3))/4 \n", - "tan_fi=I_sin_fi/I_cos_fi \n", - "fi=degrees(atan(tan_fi)) #degree\n", - "I=I_cos_fi/cos(fi*pi/180) #A\n", - "print \"New load current = %0.2f A \"%I \n", - "pf=cos(fi*pi/180) #lagging power factor\n", - "print \"Its power factor = %0.4f lagging \" %pf\n", - "print \"Part(c)\" \n", - "pf1=0.8 #/original power factor\n", - "Idash=I*pf/pf1 #Current\n", - "print \"New value of load current = %0.2f A \"%Idash \n", - "#Answer is slightly differ because of accuracy in calculations." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Open circuit phase emf 6598.62 V/phase \n", - "Angle delta = 2.78 degree\n", - "Part(b)\n", - "New load current = 368.57 A \n", - "Its power factor = 0.9901 lagging \n", - "Part(c)\n", - "New value of load current = 456.13 A \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 4.6 page 119" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "G=200 #MVA\n", - "H=6 #MJ/MVA#/Inertia Constant\n", - "V=11 #kV\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "L1=120 #MW\n", - "L2=160 #MW\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "Es=G*H #MJ##Stored Energy\n", - "print \"Stored energy = %0.2f MJ \"%Es \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "Pa=L1-L2 #MW\n", - "M=G*H/180/f #MJ-sec/elect.deg.\n", - "alfa=-Pa/M #elect.deg./sec**2#/Retardation\n", - "print \"Motor retardation = %0.2f elect.deg.sec**2\" %alfa\n", - "print \"Part(c)\" \n", - "n=5 #cycles\n", - "t=n/f #sec\n", - "del_change=1/2*-alfa*t**2 #elect.deg.\n", - "print \"Change in power angle = %0.2f elect.deg. \"%del_change \n", - "alfa=alfa*60/(180*4) #rpm/sec\n", - "ns=1500 #rpm\n", - "nr=ns+(-alfa)*t #rpm #/rotor speed\n", - "print \"Rotor speed at the end of 5 cycle = %0.2f rpm \"%nr \n", - "print \"Part(d)\"\n", - "H2=4 #MJ/MVA\n", - "G2=150 #MVA\n", - "Gb=100 #MVA\n", - "Heb=H*G/Gb+H2*G2/Gb #MJ/MVA\n", - "print \"Inertia constant for the equivalent generator = %0.2f MJ/MVA \"%Heb " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Stored energy = 1200.00 MJ \n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Motor retardation = 300.00 elect.deg.sec**2\n", - "Part(c)\n", - "Change in power angle = -1.50 elect.deg. \n", - "Rotor speed at the end of 5 cycle = 1497.50 rpm \n", - "Part(d)\n", - "Inertia constant for the equivalent generator = 18.00 MJ/MVA \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter5.ipynb b/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter5.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 8d7e5943..00000000 --- a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter5.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1103 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:b45200f85baf8ca49b3eb8c7e7ad096c02135fdb6a27b2db5c0131f5c89667ec" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ch-5 : Load Frequency Control" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.1 page 145" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "P=100 #MW\n", - "drop=4 #%(No load to full load drop)\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "print \"Part(i)\" \n", - "p=1 #MW(For calculating per unit MW)\n", - "R=(drop/100)*f/p #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "print \"Speed regulation = %0.2f Hz/p.u.MW\" %R\n", - "R=(drop/100)*f/P #Hz/MW\n", - "print \"Speed regulation = %0.2f Hz/MW\" %R\n", - "print \"Part(ii)\" \n", - "del_f=-0.1 #Hz(Frequency drop)\n", - "delP=-1/R*del_f #MW(Change in power output)\n", - "print \"Change in power output = %0.2f MW \"%delP" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(i)\n", - "Speed regulation = 2.00 Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "Speed regulation = 0.02 Hz/MW\n", - "Part(ii)\n", - "Change in power output = 5.00 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.2 page 146" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import sqrt\n", - "P=100 #MVA\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "H=5 #kW-sec/kVA(Constant)\n", - "delP=50 #MW(Increased Load)\n", - "td=0.5 #s(Time delay)\n", - "P=P/1000 #kVA\n", - "KE=P*H #kW-sec\n", - "delP=delP/1000 #kW(Increased Load)\n", - "KE_loss=delP*td #kW-s\n", - "f_new=sqrt((KE-KE_loss)/KE)*f #Hz\n", - "f_dev=(f-f_new)/f*100 #%(Frequency deviation)\n", - "print \"Frequency deviation = %0.2f %%\"%f_dev" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Frequency deviation = 2.53 %\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.3 page 146" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "P1=500 #MW\n", - "P2=200 #MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "delP=140 #MW(System load increase)\n", - "f_new=49.5 #Hz(Frequency after drop)\n", - "delP1=delP*P1/(P1+P2) #MW\n", - "delP2=delP*P2/(P1+P2) #MW\n", - "f_dev=f_new-f #Hz\n", - "#For delPdash=0, R1 &R2 can be calculated as :\n", - "R1=-1/delP1*f_dev #Hz/MW\n", - "R2=-1/delP2*f_dev #Hz/MW\n", - "print \"Value of R for unit 1 & 2 are : %0.4f & %0.4f Hz/MW \"%(R1, R2) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Value of R for unit 1 & 2 are : 0.0050 & 0.0125 Hz/MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.4 page 146" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "R=2 #Hz/pu MW\n", - "Pr=10000 #MW(Rated Capacity)\n", - "P=Pr/2 #MW(Operating Power)\n", - "delP=2 #%(Load Increase)\n", - "del_f=f*1/100 #Hz(1% change in frequency)\n", - "del_PL=P*1/100 #MW(1% change in load)\n", - "#Rate of change of load with frequency :\n", - "D=del_PL/del_f #MW/Hz\n", - "D=D/Pr #p.u. MW/Hz\n", - "#Frequency response characteristic : \n", - "Beta=D+1/R #p.u. MW/Hz\n", - "M=delP/100*P #MW\n", - "M=M/Pr #p.u. MW\n", - "del_fo=-M/Beta #Hz\n", - "print \"Static frequency drop = %0.2f Hz\"%del_fo\n", - "R=float('inf')\n", - "Beta=D+1/R #p.u. MW/Hz\n", - "del_fo=-M/Beta #Hz\n", - "print \"If speed governer loop is open, frequency drop = %0.2f Hz \"%del_fo" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Static frequency drop = -0.02 Hz\n", - "If speed governer loop is open, frequency drop = -1.00 Hz \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.5 page 147" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C=10000 #MW(Control area capacity)\n", - "P=5000 #MW\n", - "H=5 #s\n", - "R=3 #Hz/pu MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "del_f=f*1/100 #Hz\n", - "del_PL=P*1/100 #MW\n", - "D=del_PL/del_f #MW/Hz\n", - "D=D/C #p.u. MW/Hz\n", - "#Primary ALFC loop parameters :\n", - "Kp=1/D #Hz/p.u. MW\n", - "Tp=2*H/f/D #s\n", - "print \"Primary ALFC loop parameters :\"\n", - "print \"Kp = %0.2f Hz/p.u. MW \"%Kp \n", - "print \"Tp = %0.2f seconds \"%Tp" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Primary ALFC loop parameters :\n", - "Kp = 100.00 Hz/p.u. MW \n", - "Tp = 20.00 seconds \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.6 page 147" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "R=2 #Hz/pu MW\n", - "Pr=10000 #MW(Rated Capacity)\n", - "P=Pr/2 #MW(Operating Power)\n", - "delP=2 #%(Load Increase)\n", - "del_f=f*1/100 #Hz(1% change in frequency)\n", - "del_PL=P*1/100 #MW(1% change in load)\n", - "#Rate of change of load with frequency :\n", - "D=del_PL/del_f #MW/Hz\n", - "D=D/Pr #p.u. MW/Hz\n", - "#Frequency response characteristic : \n", - "Beta=D+1/R #p.u. MW/Hz\n", - "M=delP/100*P #MW\n", - "M=M/Pr #p.u. MW\n", - "del_fo=-M/Beta #Hz\n", - "delP_fo=-del_fo*(D*Pr) #MW\n", - "print \"Frequency drop contribution to increase in load = %0.2f MW\" %delP_fo\n", - "delP_gen=-del_fo/R*Pr #MW\n", - "print \"Increase in generation to meet the increase load = %.2f MW \" %delP_gen " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Frequency drop contribution to increase in load = 1.96 MW\n", - "Increase in generation to meet the increase load = 98.04 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.7 page 152" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "G=100 #MVA\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "n=3000 #rpm\n", - "L=25 #MW#Load\n", - "td=0.5 #sec\n", - "H=4.5 #MW-sec/MVA\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "KE=H*G #MW-sec##at no load\n", - "KE_Loss=L*td #MW-sec#/due to increase in load\n", - "f_new=sqrt((KE-KE_Loss)/KE)*f #Hz\n", - "delF=(f-f_new)/f*100 #%##frequency deviation\n", - "print \"Frequency deviation = %0.2f %%\" %delF" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Frequency deviation = 1.40 %\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 7 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.8 page 152" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C=4000 #MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "L=2500 #MW#Load\n", - "R=2 #Hz/p.u.MW##Speed regulation constant\n", - "H=5 #sec##Inertia constant\n", - "delPL=2 #%##change in load\n", - "delf=1 #%##change in frequency\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "D=delPL/delf*L/f #MW/Hz\n", - "D=D/C #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Beta=D+1/R #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "delf0=-0.2 #Hz\n", - "M=-(delf0)*Beta #p.u.MW\n", - "M=M*C #MW\n", - "print \"Largest change in step load = %0.2f MW \"%M \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "Kp=1/D #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "Tp=2*H/f/D #sec\n", - "Tdash=(R+Kp)/R/Tp #sec\n", - "print \"(R+Kp)/(R*Tp) = %0.2f seconds \"%(Tdash) \n", - "print 'Change in frequency as a funtion of time, \\ndelf(t) = -0.2*(1-epsilon**(%.3f*t))'%(Tdash) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Largest change in step load = 420.00 MW \n", - "Part(b)\n", - "(R+Kp)/(R*Tp) = 2.62 seconds \n", - "Change in frequency as a funtion of time, \n", - "delf(t) = -0.2*(1-epsilon**(2.625*t))\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.9 page 153" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C=4000 #MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "L=C #MW#Load\n", - "R=2.5 #%##Speed regulation constant\n", - "H=5 #sec##Inertia constant\n", - "delPL=1 #%##change in load\n", - "delf=1 #%##change in frequency\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "Ls=80 #MW #increase in step to load\n", - "R=R/100*f #z/p.u.MW\n", - "D=delPL/delf*L/f #MW/Hz\n", - "D=D/C #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "M=Ls/L #unitless#for given step load\n", - "Kp=1/D #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "Tp=2*H/f/D #sec\n", - "Tdash1=(R+Kp)/R/Tp #sec\n", - "print \"(R+Kp)/(R*Tp) = %0.2f seconds \"%Tdash1 \n", - "Tdash2=(R*Kp*M)/(R+Kp) #sec\n", - "print \"(R*Kp*M)/(R+Kp) = %0.2f seconds\"%Tdash2\n", - "delf0=-Tdash2 #Hz##Static frequency error\n", - "print \"Static frequency error = %0.2f Hz \"%delf0 \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "Ki=(1+Kp/R)**2/4/Tp/Kp #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "print \"Critical value of Ki = %0.2f p.u.MW/Hz \"%Ki" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "(R+Kp)/(R*Tp) = 4.10 seconds \n", - "(R*Kp*M)/(R+Kp) = 0.02 seconds\n", - "Static frequency error = -0.02 Hz \n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Critical value of Ki = 0.84 p.u.MW/Hz \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 9 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.10 page 154" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "s=symbols('s') #for transfer function\n", - "Tg=0.2 #sec#/time constant of governing system\n", - "Tt=2 #sec#/time constant of turbine\n", - "Gr=1/(1+Tg*s) #Transfer function of governer\n", - "Gt=1/(1+Tt*s) #Transfer function of turbine\n", - "C=1500 #MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "R=4 #%##Speed regulation constant\n", - "H=5 #sec##Inertia constant\n", - "delPL=1 #%##change in load\n", - "delf=1 #%##change in frequency\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "R=R/100*f #z/p.u.MW\n", - "D=delPL/delf*C/f #MW/Hz\n", - "D=D/C #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Kp=1/D #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "Tp=2*H/f/D #sec\n", - "Gp=Kp/(1+Tp*s) #Transfer function of power system\n", - "delFs=-Gp/(1+Gr*Gt*Gp/R) \n", - "print \"delFs = M/s*\",delFs \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "delf0_by_M=-Kp/(1+Kp/R) #Hz\n", - "delf0=delf/100*f #Hz\n", - "M=delf0/delf0_by_M #p.u.MW\n", - "M=M*C #MW\n", - "print \"Largest step change = %0.2f MW \"%M \n", - "#Transfer functions multiplication Gr*Gt*Gp is calculated & it is not possible to show together without calculated as in the book." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "delFs = M/s* -50.0/((1 + 25.0/((0.2*s + 1)*(2*s + 1)*(10.0*s + 1)))*(10.0*s + 1))\n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Largest step change = -390.00 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.11 page 157" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "GA=5000 #MW\n", - "GB=10000 #MW\n", - "R=2 #Hz/p.u.MW##Speed regulation constant\n", - "D=0.01 #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Ls=100 #MW#Load increase\n", - "RA=R*GB/GA #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "DA=D*GA/GB #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "RB=R #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "DB=D #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Beta_A=DA+1/RA #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Beta_B=DB+1/RB #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "MA=0 #Load increase\n", - "MB=Ls/GB #p.u.MW\n", - "delf0=-MB/(Beta_A+Beta_B) #Hz\n", - "print \"Static frequency drop = %0.2f Hz \"%delf0 \n", - "delPAB=Beta_A*MB/(Beta_A+Beta_B) #p.u.MW\n", - "delPAB=delPAB*GB #MW\n", - "print \"Change in tie line power = %0.2f MW \"%delPAB " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Static frequency drop = -0.01 Hz \n", - "Change in tie line power = 33.33 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 11 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.12 page 159" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "GA=500 #MW\n", - "GB=2000 #MW\n", - "RA=2.5 #Hz/p.u.MW##Speed regulation constant\n", - "RB=2 #Hz/p.u.MW##Speed regulation constant\n", - "Ls=20 #MW#Load increase\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "delL=1 #%##change in load\n", - "delf=1 #%##change in frequency\n", - "DA=delL/delf*GA/f #MW/Hz\n", - "DA=DA/GB #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "DB=delL/delf*GB/f #MW/Hz\n", - "DB=DB/GB #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "RA=RA*GB/GA #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "Beta_A=DA+1/RA #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Beta_B=DB+1/RB #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "MA=Ls/GB #unitless\n", - "MB=0 #unitless\n", - "delf0=-MA/(Beta_A+Beta_B) #Hz\n", - "print \"Change in frequency = %0.2f Hz \"%delf0 \n", - "delPAB=-Beta_B*MA/(Beta_B+Beta_A) #p.u.MW\n", - "delPAB=delPAB*GB #MW\n", - "print \"Change in tie line power = %0.2f MW \"%delPAB \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "MB=Ls/GB #unitless\n", - "MA=0 #unitless\n", - "delf0=-MB/(Beta_A+Beta_B) #Hz\n", - "print \"Change in frequency = %0.2f Hz \"%delf0 \n", - "delPAB=Beta_A*MB/(Beta_B+Beta_A) #p.u.MW\n", - "delPAB=delPAB*GB #MW\n", - "print \"Change in tie line power = %0.2f MW \"%delPAB " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Change in frequency = -0.02 Hz \n", - "Change in tie line power = -16.64 MW \n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Change in frequency = -0.02 Hz \n", - "Change in tie line power = 3.36 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 12 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.13 page 160" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import cos, pi\n", - "G=4000 #MW\n", - "R=2 #Hz/p.u.MW##Speed regulation constant\n", - "H=5 #sec\n", - "C=600 #MW#Capacity\n", - "theta=40 #degree#/Power angle\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "T=C/G*cos(pi/180*theta) #sec\n", - "omega0=sqrt((2*pi*f*T/H-(f/4/R/H)**2)) #radian/sec\n", - "print \"Frequency of oscillation = %0.2f radian/sec \"%omega0 \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "delLB=100 #MW#change in load in area B\n", - "delPAB=delLB/2 #MW#because Beta_A=Beta_B\n", - "print \"Change in tie line power = %0.2f MW \"%delPAB \n", - "print \"Part(c)\" \n", - "omega0=sqrt((2*pi*f*T/H)) #radian/sec\n", - "print \"Frequency of oscillation = %0.2f radian/sec \"%omega0" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Frequency of oscillation = 2.38 radian/sec \n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Change in tie line power = 50.00 MW \n", - "Part(c)\n", - "Frequency of oscillation = 2.69 radian/sec \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 13 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.14 page 168" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C1=300 #MW\n", - "C2=400 #MW\n", - "G1=4 #%#droop characteristics of governer\n", - "G2=5 #%#droop characteristics of governer\n", - "L=600 #MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "#Load on first generator =L1\n", - "#Load on second generator =L-L1\n", - "#f-G1*f/100*(L1/C1)=f-G2*f/100*(L2/C2)\n", - "L1=G2*L/C2/(G1/C1+G2/C2) #MW\n", - "L2=L-L1 #MW\n", - "print \"Load on first generator = %0.2f MW \"%L1 \n", - "print \"Load on second generator = %0.2f MW \"%L2 \n", - "fLoad=f*(1-L1/C1*G1/100) #Hz\n", - "print \"Frequency at load = %0.2f Hz \"%fLoad" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Load on first generator = 290.32 MW \n", - "Load on second generator = 309.68 MW \n", - "Frequency at load = 48.06 Hz \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 14 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.15 page 169" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "G=100 #MVA\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "delL=50 #MW\n", - "Tc=0.4 #sec\n", - "H=5 #/kWs/kVA\n", - "KE=G*1000*H #kWs\n", - "delKE=delL*1000*Tc ##kWs#/due to decrease in load\n", - "fnew=sqrt((KE+delKE)/KE) *f #Hz\n", - "fdev=(fnew-f)/f*100 #%\n", - "print \"New frequency = %0.2f Hz \"%fnew \n", - "print \"Frequency deviation = %0.2f %%\"%fdev" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "New frequency = 50.99 Hz \n", - "Frequency deviation = 1.98 %\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 15 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.16 page 169" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "G=100 #MVA\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "delL=60 #MW\n", - "Tc=0.35 #sec\n", - "H=5 #/kWs/kVA\n", - "KE=G*1000*H #kWs\n", - "delKE=(G-delL)*1000*Tc ##kWs#/due to decrease in load\n", - "fnew=sqrt((KE+delKE)/KE) *f #Hz\n", - "fdev=(fnew-f)/f*100 #%\n", - "print \"New frequency = %0.2f Hz \"%fnew \n", - "print \"Frequency deviation = %0.2f %%\" %fdev" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "New frequency = 50.70 Hz \n", - "Frequency deviation = 1.39 %\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 16 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.17 page 169" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "KE=1500 #MJ\n", - "Pin=5 #MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "t=1 #sec\n", - "delKE=Pin*t ##MJ#/due to power inputs\n", - "fnew=sqrt((KE+delKE)/KE) *f #Hz\n", - "delf=fnew-f #/Hz/second\n", - "print \"Frequency increase rate = %0.2f Hz/sec \"%delf" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Frequency increase rate = 0.08 Hz/sec \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 17 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.18 page 169" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C=2000 #MW#/Capacity\n", - "L=1000 #MW#Load\n", - "H=5 #kWs/KVA\n", - "R=2.4 #Hz/puMW#Regulation\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "delL=1 #%##change in load\n", - "delf=1 #%##change in frequency\n", - "D=delL/delf*L/f #MW/Hz\n", - "D=D/C #p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Kp=1/D #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "Tp=2*H/f/D #sec\n", - "print \"Primary ALFC loop parameters are : \" \n", - "print \"D = \",D,\"p.u.MW/Hz\" \n", - "print \"Kp = \",Kp,\"Hz/p.u.MW\" \n", - "print \"Tp = \",Tp,\"sec \" " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Primary ALFC loop parameters are : \n", - "D = 0.01 p.u.MW/Hz\n", - "Kp = 100.0 Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "Tp = 20.0 sec \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 18 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.19 page 170" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "Tp=10 #sec\n", - "Tg=0 #sec\n", - "Tt=0 #sec\n", - "Kp=100 #Hz/p.u.MW\n", - "R=3 #/Hz/CuMW\n", - "delPD=0.1 #p.u.\n", - "Ki=0.1 #constant\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "from sympy import symbols\n", - "s=symbols('s') \n", - "delFs=-Kp/Tp*(delPD/(s**2+s*((1+Kp/R)/Tp)+Ki*Kp/Tp))\n", - "n=1 #cycle\n", - "time_error=n/f #sec\n", - "print \"Total time error = %0.3f sec\"%time_error" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Total time error = 0.020 sec\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 19 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.20 page 171" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L=14 #MW#Total Load\n", - "C1=15 #MW\n", - "R1=3 #%#speed regulation\n", - "C2=4 #MW\n", - "R2=4 #%#speed regulation\n", - "LB=4 #MW#Load on bus bar\n", - "LA=10 #MW#/Load on bus bar\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "#Load on station A= L1 MW\n", - "#Load on station B= L-L1 MW\n", - "#f-C1*f/100*(L1/C1)=f-C2*f/100*(L2/C2)\n", - "L1=R2*L/C2/(R1/C1+R2/C2) #MW\n", - "L2=L-L1 #MW\n", - "print \"Load generation at station A = %0.2f MW \"%L1 \n", - "print \"Load generation at station B = %0.2f MW \"%L2\n", - "Pt=L1-LA #MW#Power transmitted A to B\n", - "f_oper=f-R1/100/C1*(L1)*f #Hz\n", - "print \"Operating Frequency = %0.2f Hz \"%f_oper " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Load generation at station A = 11.67 MW \n", - "Load generation at station B = 2.33 MW \n", - "Operating Frequency = 48.83 Hz \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 20 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.21 page 171" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C1=300 #MW\n", - "C2=400 #MW\n", - "G1=4 #%#droop characteristics of governer\n", - "G2=6 #%#droop characteristics of governer\n", - "L=400 #MW\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "L1=C1*L/(C1+C2) #MW#Load on 300 MW generator\n", - "L2=L*C2/(C1+C2) #MW#Load on 400 MW generator\n", - "f01=f*(C1)/(C1-G1/100*L1) #Hz#/No load frequency\n", - "print \"No load frequency of 300 MW generator = %0.2f Hz \"%f01 \n", - "f02=f*(C2)/(C2-G2/100*L2) #Hz#/No load frequency\n", - "print \"No load frequency of 400 MW generator = %0.2f Hz \"%f02" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "No load frequency of 300 MW generator = 51.17 Hz \n", - "No load frequency of 400 MW generator = 51.78 Hz \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 21 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.22 page 174" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "C1=200 #MW\n", - "C2=100 #MW\n", - "R1=1.5 #%#speed regulation\n", - "R2=3 #%#speed regulation\n", - "L=100 #MW#/Load on each bus\n", - "f=50 #Hz\n", - "RA=R1/100*f/C1 #Hz/MW\n", - "RB=R2/100*f/C2 #Hz/MW\n", - "#Let PA= generation at plant A\n", - "#PB=2*L-PA will be generation at plant B\n", - "#RA*PA=RB*PB\n", - "PA=RB*2*L/(RA+RB) #MW\n", - "PB=2*L-PA #MW\n", - "print \"Load generation at plant A = %0.2f MW \"%PA \n", - "print \"Load generation at plant B = %0.2f MW \"%PB\n", - "Pt=PA-L #MW#/Power transfer\n", - "print \"Power transfer from A to B = %0.2f MW \"%Pt " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Load generation at plant A = 160.00 MW \n", - "Load generation at plant B = 40.00 MW \n", - "Power transfer from A to B = 60.00 MW \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 22 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.23 page 174" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import acos\n", - "Z=1.5+1J*2.5 #ohm\n", - "V=11 #kV\n", - "P=20 #MW\n", - "pf=0.8 #power factor\n", - "theta=acos(pf*pi/180) \n", - "I=P*1000/sqrt(3)/V/pf #\n", - "from cmath import rect\n", - "I=rect(I,-theta*pi/180) #A\\\n", - "Vdrop=I*Z #V\n", - "Vboost=Vdrop #V\n", - "print \"Voltage boost needed at station A = \",(Vboost),\"V\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Voltage boost needed at station A = (2056.63661402+3225.71419437j) V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 23 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 5.24 page 174" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import degrees, atan, sin, acos, cos, pi\n", - "Z=3+1J*9 #%#/impedence\n", - "Z=Z/100 #p.u.#/Impedence\n", - "I=1 #p.u.\n", - "IZ=Z #p.u.\n", - "print \"Part(a)\" \n", - "#2*I**2-2*cos(del)=[abs(IZ)]**2\n", - "cos_del=degrees(acos((2*I**2-(abs(IZ))**2)/2)) #degree\n", - "print \"Phase angle between two station = %0.2f degree \"%cos_del \n", - "angle_abc=87.277 #/degree\n", - "theta=180-angle_abc-degrees(atan((IZ).imag/(IZ).real)) #degree\n", - "Preal=I**2*cos(pi/180*theta) #p.u.\n", - "print \"Real power transfer = %0.2f p.u. \"%Preal \n", - "Preactive=I**2*sin(pi/180*theta) #p.u.\n", - "print \"Reactive power transfer = %0.2f p.u.\"%Preactive \n", - "print \"Part(b)\" \n", - "#1.05**2+1**2-2*1.05*cos(del)=[abs(IZ)]**2\n", - "cos_del=degrees(acos((1.05**2+1**2-(abs(IZ))**2)/2/1.05)) #degree\n", - "print \"Phase angle between two station = %0.2f degree \"%cos_del \n", - "angle_dbc=60.53 #/degree\n", - "theta=degrees(atan((IZ).imag/(IZ).real))-angle_dbc#degree\n", - "Preal=I**2*cos(pi/180*theta) #p.u.\n", - "print \"Real power transfer = %0.2f p.u. \"%Preal \n", - "Preactive=I**2*sin(pi/180*theta) #p.u.\n", - "print \"Reactive power transfer = %0.2f p.u. \"%Preactive \n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a)\n", - "Phase angle between two station = 5.44 degree \n", - "Real power transfer = 0.93 p.u. \n", - "Reactive power transfer = 0.36 p.u.\n", - "Part(b)\n", - "Phase angle between two station = 4.51 degree \n", - "Real power transfer = 0.98 p.u. \n", - "Reactive power transfer = 0.19 p.u. \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 24 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter6.ipynb b/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter6.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 34c2fa23..00000000 --- a/Power_System_Operation_and_Control_by_B._R._Gupta/Chapter6.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,537 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:af61fb7eed7d4ff39296b02a1d4e98cabd8ac46cf41e81ede4624c653dbd8b75" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Ch-6 : Reactive Power Control" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.1 page 201" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import sqrt, atan, pi, degrees, cos\n", - "from scipy.linalg import expm\n", - "kV=220 #kV\n", - "Z=0.8+1J*0.2 #pu\n", - "V=1 #V(Voltage at load terminal)\n", - "X=0.2+0.05 #pu(line and transformer reactance)\n", - "P=(Z).real #pu\n", - "Q=(Z).imag #pu\n", - "BaseMVA=100 #MVA\n", - "BasekV=220 #kV\n", - "I=sqrt((P**2+Q**2)/V**2)*expm([[1J*atan(-(Z).imag/(Z).real)]])[0,0] #pu\n", - "Vb=V+I*(X*expm([[1J*pi/2]]))[0,0] #pu(Voltage at 200 kV bus)\n", - "fi_p=(atan((Vb).imag/(Vb).real)) #degree(power angle)\n", - "Vb=abs(Vb)*kV #kV(Voltage at 200 kV bus)\n", - "pf=cos(fi_p+(atan((Z).imag/(Z).real))) #power factor at 220 kV bus\n", - "print \"Voltage at 220 kV bus = %0.2f kV \"%Vb \n", - "print \"Power factor at 220 kV bus %0.4f lagging \"%pf" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Voltage at 220 kV bus = 235.15 kV \n", - "Power factor at 220 kV bus 0.9076 lagging \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.2 page 201" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from scipy.linalg import expm\n", - "kV=220 #kV\n", - "Z=0.8+1J*0.2 #pu\n", - "V=1 #V(Voltage at load terminal)\n", - "X=0.2+0.05 #pu(line and transformer reactance)\n", - "P=(Z).real #pu\n", - "Q=(Z).imag #pu\n", - "BaseMVA=100 #MVA\n", - "BasekV=220 #kV\n", - "I=sqrt((P**2+Q**2)/V**2) #pu\n", - "Vb=V+I*(X*expm([[1J*pi/2]])) #pu(Voltage at 200 kV bus)\n", - "fi_p=degrees(atan((Vb).imag/(Vb).real)) #degree(power angle)\n", - "Vb=abs(Vb)*kV #kV(Voltage at 200 kV bus)\n", - "pf=cos(fi_p*pi/180) #power factor at 220 kV bus\n", - "print \"Voltage at 220 kV bus = %0.2f kV \"%Vb \n", - "print \"Power factor at 220 kV bus = %0.4f lagging \"%pf" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Voltage at 220 kV bus = 224.63 kV \n", - "Power factor at 220 kV bus = 0.9794 lagging \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.3 page 202" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from cmath import sinh, cosh, tan, sin\n", - "import cmath as cmt\n", - "l=350 #km(length of line)\n", - "Z=cmt.rect(180,75*pi/180) #ohm/phase(Total)\n", - "Y=cmt.rect(1*10**-3,90*pi/180) #Siemens/phase(Total)\n", - "z=Z/l #ohm/km\n", - "y=Y/l #Siemens/km\n", - "re=l*cmt.sqrt(z*y) #\n", - "Zc=cmt.sqrt(z/y) #ohm\n", - "print \"Part(a) A,B,C,D parameters are : \" \n", - "A=cosh(re) #unitless\n", - "D=A #unitless\n", - "B=Zc*sinh(re) #ohm\n", - "C=sinh(re)/Zc #unitless\n", - "A_mag=abs(A) #unitless\n", - "A_angle=atan((A).imag/(A).real) #radian\n", - "B_mag=abs(B) #ohm\n", - "B_angle=atan((B).imag/(B).real) #radian\n", - "C_mag=abs(C) #unitless\n", - "C_angle=atan((C).imag/(C).real) #radian\n", - "C_angle=(degrees(C_angle)+180)*180/pi #degree(Converting -ve to +ve angle)\n", - "D_mag=abs(D) #unitless\n", - "D_angle=atan((D).imag/(D).real) #radian\n", - "print \"Magnitude of A : %0.2f \"% A_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of A = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(A_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude of B = %0.2f ohm\"%B_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of B = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(B_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude of C : %0.2f\"%C_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of C = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(C_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude of D : %0.2f\"%D_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of D = %0.2f degree\" %degrees(D_angle)\n", - "#60% series compensation\n", - "B=B-1J*60/100*abs(Z)*sin(atan((Z).imag/(Z).real)) #ohm(considering series compensation=60%)\n", - "#For Equivalent pi-circuit\n", - "print \"Part(b) A,B,C,D parameters of compensated line are : \" \n", - "Ydash=2/Zc*((cosh(re)-1)/sinh(re)) #S\n", - "A=1+B*Ydash/2 #unitless\n", - "D=A #unitless\n", - "C=2*Ydash/2+B*(Ydash/2)**2 #unitless\n", - "A_mag=abs(A) #unitless\n", - "A_angle=atan((A).imag/(A).real) #radian\n", - "B_mag=abs(B) #ohm\n", - "B_angle=atan((B).imag/(B).real) #radian\n", - "C_mag=abs(C) #unitless\n", - "C_angle=atan((C).imag/(C).real) #radian\n", - "C_angle=(degrees(C_angle)+180)*180/pi #radian(Converting -ve to +ve angle)\n", - "D_mag=abs(D) #unitless\n", - "D_angle=atan((D).imag/(D).real) #degree\n", - "print \"Magnitude of A : %0.2f \"% A_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of A = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(A_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude of B = %0.2f ohm\"%B_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of B = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(B_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude of C : %0.2f\"%C_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of C = %0.2f degree \"%degrees(C_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude of D : %0.2f\"%D_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of D = %0.2f degree\" %degrees(D_angle)\n", - "#Answer for some parts are not accurate in the textbook." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part(a) A,B,C,D parameters are : \n", - "Magnitude of A : 0.91 \n", - "Angle of A = 1.42 degree \n", - "Magnitude of B = 174.83 ohm\n", - "Angle of B = 75.45 degree \n", - "Magnitude of C : 0.00\n", - "Angle of C = 296930.22 degree \n", - "Magnitude of D : 0.91\n", - "Angle of D = 1.42 degree\n", - "Part(b) A,B,C,D parameters of compensated line are : \n", - "Magnitude of A : 0.97 \n", - "Angle of A = 1.33 degree \n", - "Magnitude of B = 78.37 ohm\n", - "Angle of B = 55.91 degree \n", - "Magnitude of C : 0.00\n", - "Angle of C = 296850.37 degree \n", - "Magnitude of D : 0.97\n", - "Angle of D = 1.33 degree\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.4 page 202" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from cmath import rect, sqrt\n", - "from numpy import conj\n", - "l=350 #km(length of line)\n", - "Z=rect(180,75*pi/180) #ohm/phase(Total)\n", - "Y=rect(1*10**-3,90*pi/180) #Siemens/phase(Total)\n", - "z=Z/l #ohm/km\n", - "y=Y/l #Siemens/km\n", - "re=l*sqrt(z*y) #\n", - "Zc=sqrt(z/y) #ohm\n", - "print \"For Uncompensated Line, Constants are :\" \n", - "B=Z #ohm#B Parameter\n", - "A=1+Z*Y/2 #unitless#A Parameter\n", - "D=A #unitless#D Parameter\n", - "C=Y*(1+Z*Y/4) #S#C Parameter\n", - "A_mag=abs(A) #unitless\n", - "A_angle=atan((A).imag/(A).real) #radian\n", - "B_mag=abs(B) #ohm\n", - "B_angle=atan((B).imag/(B).real) #radian\n", - "C_mag=abs(C) #unitless\n", - "C_angle=atan((C).imag/(C).real) #radian\n", - "C_angle=(degrees(C_angle)+180)*180/pi #radian(Converting -ve to +ve angle)\n", - "D_mag=abs(D) #unitless\n", - "D_angle=atan((D).imag/(D).real) #degree\n", - "print \"Magnitude and Angle of B = %0.2f ohm & %0.2f degree \"%(B_mag,B_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude and Angle of A = %0.2f & %0.2f degree \"%(A_mag,A_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude and Angle of D = %0.2f & %0.2f degree \"%(D_mag,D_angle) \n", - "\n", - "print \"Magnitude of C is %0.2f\"%C_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of C = %0.2f degree\"%C_angle\n", - "print \"For Compensated Line, Constants are :\" \n", - "B=Z-0.6*1J*406 #ohm#B Parameter\n", - "A=1+conj(B)*Y/2 #unitless#A Parameter\n", - "D=A #unitless#D Parameter\n", - "C=Y*(1+Z*Y/4) #S#C Parameter\n", - "A_mag=abs(A) #unitless\n", - "A_angle=atan((A).imag/(A).real) #radian\n", - "B_mag=abs(B) #ohm\n", - "B_angle=atan((B).imag/(B).real) #radian\n", - "C_mag=abs(C) #unitless\n", - "C_angle=atan((C).imag/(C).real) #radian\n", - "C_angle=(degrees(C_angle)+180)*180/pi #radian(Converting -ve to +ve angle)\n", - "D_mag=abs(D) #unitless\n", - "D_angle=atan((D).imag/(D).real) #degree\n", - "print \"Magnitude and Angle of B = %0.2f ohm & %0.2f degree \"%(B_mag,B_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude and Angle of A = %0.2f & %0.2f degree \"%(A_mag,A_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude and Angle of D = %0.2f & %0.2f degree \"%(D_mag,D_angle) \n", - "print \"Magnitude of C is %0.2f\"%C_mag \n", - "print \"Angle of C = %0.2f degree\"%C_angle\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "For Uncompensated Line, Constants are :\n", - "Magnitude and Angle of B = 180.00 ohm & 1.31 degree \n", - "Magnitude and Angle of A = 0.91 & 0.03 degree \n", - "Magnitude and Angle of D = 0.91 & 0.03 degree \n", - "Magnitude of C is 0.00\n", - "Angle of C = 5196.59 degree\n", - "For Compensated Line, Constants are :\n", - "Magnitude and Angle of B = 83.86 ohm & -0.98 degree \n", - "Magnitude and Angle of A = 0.97 & 0.02 degree \n", - "Magnitude and Angle of D = 0.97 & 0.02 degree \n", - "Magnitude of C is 0.00\n", - "Angle of C = 5196.59 degree\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.5 page 203" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "kv1=220 #kv\n", - "kv2=132 #kv\n", - "baseMVA=200 #MVA\n", - "#Base impedence in 132 kv circuit\n", - "baseZ2=kv2**2/baseMVA #ohm\n", - "z1=1J*75 #ohm\n", - "z2=1J*70 #ohm\n", - "z3=1J*90 #ohm\n", - "z1=z1/baseZ2 #pu\n", - "z2=z2/baseZ2 #pu\n", - "z3=z3/baseZ2 #pu\n", - "X_AD=1J*0.08+z1 #pu#Reactance from A to D\n", - "X_BD=1J*0.08+z2 #pu#Reactance from A to D\n", - "Zp=z3*X_AD*X_BD/(z3*X_AD+z3*X_BD+X_BD+X_AD) #parallel combination\n", - "sc_D=baseMVA/abs(Zp) #MVA#Short Circuit MVA at D\n", - "delQBYdelV=sc_D/kv2 #MVA/kv\n", - "delQ=delQBYdelV*4 #MVar\n", - "print \"Var injection at Bus D = %0.2f MVar\" %delQ\n", - "#Answer in the textbook is not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Var injection at Bus D = 18.48 MVar\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 7 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.6 page 204" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from cmath import rect, acos\n", - "A=rect(0.98,3*pi/180) #Constant\n", - "B=rect(110,75*pi/180) #ohm/phase\n", - "P=50 #MVA\n", - "pf=0.8 #lagging\n", - "V=132 #kV\n", - "#Formula : Pr=|Vs|*|Vr|/|B|*cosd(Beta-delta)-|A|*|Vr|**2/|B|*cosd(Beta-alfa) :\n", - "betaSUBdelta=acos((P*pf+abs(A)*V**2/abs(B)*cos(atan((B).imag/(B).real)-atan((A).imag/(A).real)))/V**2*abs(B)) \n", - "Qr=V**2/abs(B)*sin(betaSUBdelta)-abs(A)*V**2/abs(B)*sin(atan((B).imag/(B).real)-atan((A).imag/(A).real)) #MVar\n", - "Qr=P*0.6-Qr #MVar#Since load require lagging component\n", - "print \"(a) Capacity of shunt compensation equipment = %0.2f MVar \" %Qr.real\n", - "#part(b)\n", - "#Formula : Pr=|Vs|*|Vr|/|B|*cosd(Beta-delta)-|A|*|Vr|**2/|B|*cosd(Beta-alfa) :\n", - "P=0 #MW\n", - "betaSUBdelta=acos((P*pf+abs(A)*V**2/abs(B)*cos(atan((B).imag/B.real)-atan((A).imag/(A).real)))/V**2*abs(B)) \n", - "Qr=V**2/abs(B)*sin(betaSUBdelta)-abs(A)*V**2/abs(B)*sin(atan((B).imag/(B).real)-atan((A).imag/(A).real)) #MVar\n", - "Qr=P*0.6-Qr #MVar#Since load require lagging component\n", - "print \"(b) Capacity of shunt compensation equipment = %0.2f MVar \"%-Qr.real " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "(a) Capacity of shunt compensation equipment = 45.91 MVar \n", - "(b) Capacity of shunt compensation equipment = 3.33 MVar \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 12 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.7 page 206" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import acos, sin\n", - "V=220 #kV\n", - "Z=20+1J*60 #ohm\n", - "Pr=100 #MVA\n", - "pf=0.8 #lagging pf\n", - "P=Pr*10**6*pf/3 #W\n", - "theta=acos(pf) #radian\n", - "Q=Pr*10**6*sin(theta)/3 #Vars\n", - "V1=V/sqrt(3)*1000 #V\n", - "V2=V1 #V\n", - "#ts**2*[1-(R*P+X*Q)/V1/V2]=V2/V1\n", - "ts=sqrt(V2/V1/(1-((Z).real*P+(Z).imag*Q)/V1/V2)) \n", - "tr=1/ts \n", - "print \"Tap settings : ts = %0.2f \"%ts.real\n", - "print \"tr = %0.2f \"%tr.real" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Tap settings : ts = 1.06 \n", - "tr = 0.94 \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 15 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.8 page 207" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "kV1=132 #kV\n", - "kV2=33 #kV\n", - "kV3=11 #kV\n", - "MVA1=75 #MVA\n", - "MVA2=50 #MVA\n", - "MVA3=25 #MVA\n", - "X=0.12 #p.u.\n", - "#part(a)\n", - "P=60 #MW\n", - "V1=125 #kV\n", - "V1=V1/kV1 #p.u.\n", - "Q=MVA2/MVA1 #p.u.\n", - "#V1=Vn+X*Q/Vn\n", - "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", - "Vn=symbols('Vn') \n", - "eqn=Vn**2-V1*Vn+X*Q\n", - "Vn=solve(eqn, Vn) #p.u.\n", - "Vn=Vn[0] #p.u.\n", - "Vn=Vn*kV1 #kV\n", - "k=Vn/kV2 #Transformer ratio\n", - "print \"Under Load condition, transformer ratio = %0.3f \"%k \n", - "#part(b)\n", - "V1=140 #kV\n", - "V1=V1/kV1 #p.u.\n", - "Q=MVA3/MVA1 #p.u.\n", - "#V1=Vn+X*Q/Vn\n", - "Vn=symbols('Vn') \n", - "eqn=Vn**2-V1*Vn+X*Q\n", - "Vn=solve(eqn, Vn) #p.u.\n", - "Vn=Vn[0] #p.u.\n", - "Vn=Vn*kV1 #kV\n", - "k=Vn/kV2 #Transformer ratio\n", - "print \"Under No Load condition, transformer ratio = %0.3f\" % k" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Under Load condition, transformer ratio = 0.375 \n", - "Under No Load condition, transformer ratio = 0.157" - ] - }, - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 16 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "exa 6.9 page 209" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from math import tan, acos\n", - "V=132 #kV\n", - "Z=25+1J*66 #ohm\n", - "Pr=100 #MW\n", - "pf=0.9 #lagging pf\n", - "P=Pr*10**6/3 #W\n", - "theta=acos(pf) #radian\n", - "Q=Pr*10**6*tan(theta)/3 #vars\n", - "V1=V/sqrt(3)*1000 #V\n", - "V2=V1 #V\n", - "#ts**2*[1-(R*P+X*Q)/V1/V2]=V2/V1\n", - "ts=sqrt(V2/V1/(1-((Z).real*P+(Z).imag*Q)/V1/V2)) \n", - "tr=1/ts \n", - "print \"Tap settings : ts = %0.2f \"%ts.real \n", - "print \"tr = %0.2f \"%tr.real" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Tap settings : ts = 1.22 \n", - "tr = 0.82 \n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 18 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
\ No newline at end of file |