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diff --git a/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter14.ipynb b/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter14.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index b1948488..00000000 --- a/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter14.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,603 +0,0 @@ -{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:f51aa40f01063be99829dfd06c53ed90029beb6946cceb4b92469b9c50e91012"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 14 - Development and use of activity concepts"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1 - pg 350"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the moles of Iodine present\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "x1=0.0200\n",
- "Kx=812.\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "print \"Neglecting 2x in comparision with x1,\"\n",
- "x=x1/Kx\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Moles of Iodine present =\",x,\" mole\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Neglecting 2x in comparision with x1,\n",
- "Moles of Iodine present = 2.46e-05 mole\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 2 - pg 350 "
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentration of H+ ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "Kc=1.749*10**-5 #M\n",
- "n1=0.1 #mole\n",
- "n2=0.01 #mole\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "c=n1/n2 *Kc\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions =\",c,\" M\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Concentration of Hplus ions = 1.7e-04 M\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3 - pg 351"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentraton of Hplus ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "c=0.01 #M\n",
- "kc=1.749*10**-5 #M\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "x2=c*kc\n",
- "x=math.sqrt(x2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions =\",x,\"M\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Concentration of Hplus ions = 4.2e-04 M\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4 - pg 351"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentration of OH- ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "K2=1.0008*10**-14 #m^2\n",
- "K1=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
- "c=0.1\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "print \"Neglecting x w.r.t c,\"\n",
- "x2=c*K2/K1\n",
- "x=math.sqrt(x2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of OH minus ions =\",x,\" m\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Neglecting x w.r.t c,\n",
- "Concentration of OH minus ions = 7.6e-06 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 5 - pg 352"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentration of H plus ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "print \"from table 14.1,\"\n",
- "r1=7.47*10**-5 #m\n",
- "r2=4.57*10**-3 #m\n",
- "mp=1.008*10**-14 #m**2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "r3=r2/r1\n",
- "mH2=r3*mp\n",
- "mH=math.sqrt(mH2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions = \",mH,\" M\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "from table 14.1,\n",
- "Concentration of Hplus ions = 7.85e-07 M\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 6 - pg 354"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentraton of H+ ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "print \"from table 14.1,\"\n",
- "import math\n",
- "r1=1.75*10**-5 #m\n",
- "r2=1.772*10**-4 #m\n",
- "mp=1.008*10**-14 #m**2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "r3=r2/r1\n",
- "mH2=r3*mp\n",
- "mH=math.sqrt(mH2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions =\",mH,\" M\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "from table 14.1,\n",
- "Concentration of Hplus ions = 3.2e-07 M\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7 - pg 355"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentration of H+ ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "c=1*10**-6 #m\n",
- "K=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
- "Kp=1.008*10**-14 #m**2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "mH=c\n",
- "#Iteration 1\n",
- "mOH=Kp/mH\n",
- "mA=mH-mOH\n",
- "mHA=mH*mA/K\n",
- "mH2=mH-mHA+mOH\n",
- "#Iteration 2\n",
- "mOH2=Kp/mH2\n",
- "mA2=mH2-mOH2\n",
- "mHA2=mH2*mA2/K\n",
- "mH3=mH2-mHA2+mOH2\n",
- "#From x2\n",
- "x2=math.sqrt(Kp)\n",
- "x1=c\n",
- "mOH3=Kp/x2\n",
- "y2=x1\n",
- "#From x1\n",
- "mOH4=Kp/c\n",
- "mA4=mH-mOH4\n",
- "mHA4=mH*mA4/K\n",
- "y1=c-mHA4-mA4\n",
- "#upon further iterations, we get\n",
- "mHplus=mH3\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Concentration of H plus ions =\",mHplus,\"m\")\n",
- "print 'The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error.'\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Concentration of H plus ions = 9.13e-07 m\n",
- "The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error.\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8 - pg 358"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the values of dS0, dH0, Krm\n",
- "#Initialization of variableH\n",
- "print \"From table 14-3,\"\n",
- "HH=0\n",
- "HHcoo=-98.\n",
- "HHcooh=-98.\n",
- "SH=0\n",
- "SHcoo=21.9\n",
- "SHcooh=39.1\n",
- "KH=0\n",
- "KHcoo=58.64\n",
- "KHcooh=62.38\n",
- "#calculationH\n",
- "dH=HH+HHcoo-HHcooh\n",
- "dS=SH+SHcoo-SHcooh\n",
- "dK=KH+KHcoo-KHcooh\n",
- "K=10**dK\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\" dS0 =\",dS,\"eu\")\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n dH0 =\",dH,\"kcal\")\n",
- "print '%s %.2f' %(\"\\n log Krm =\",dK)\n",
- "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"\\n Krm =\",K,\"m\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "From table 14-3,\n",
- " dS0 = -17.2 eu\n",
- "\n",
- " dH0 = 0.0 kcal\n",
- "\n",
- " log Krm = -3.74\n",
- "\n",
- " Krm = 1.8e-04 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9 - pg 369"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Activity of cl and ca\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "mca=0.01 #m\n",
- "mcl=0.02 #m\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "Mu=0.5*(mca*4 + mcl*1)\n",
- "print \"From table 14-5,\"\n",
- "aca=6 #A\n",
- "acl=3 #A\n",
- "print \"From table 14-6,\"\n",
- "gaca=0.555 \n",
- "gacl=0.843\n",
- "Aca=gaca*mca\n",
- "Acl=gacl*mcl\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.4f' %(\"Activity of cl = \",Acl)\n",
- "print '%s %.4f' %(\"\\n Activity of ca = \",Aca)\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "From table 14-5,\n",
- "From table 14-6,\n",
- "Activity of cl = 0.0169\n",
- "\n",
- " Activity of ca = 0.0056\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 10
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 10 - pg 369"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentration of H+ ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "m1=0.1 #m\n",
- "m2=0.1 #m\n",
- "K=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "mu=0.5*(m1*1**2 + m2*1**2)\n",
- "print(\"From table 14.5,\")\n",
- "aH=9 #A\n",
- "aA=4.5 #A\n",
- "print(\"From table 14.6\")\n",
- "gH=0.825\n",
- "gA=0.775\n",
- "gHA=1\n",
- "x1=gHA*K/(gH*gA)\n",
- "print(\"Assuming x to be small w.r.t m1,\")\n",
- "x=math.sqrt(x1*m1)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Concentration of H plus ions =\",x,\" m\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "From table 14.5,\n",
- "From table 14.6\n",
- "Assuming x to be small w.r.t m1,\n",
- "Concentration of H plus ions = 1.66e-03 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 11
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 11 - pg 372"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the concentration of H+ ions\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "import numpy\n",
- "K=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
- "c=0.1\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "print(\"Neglecting x w.r.t c,\")\n",
- "x2=K\n",
- "x=math.sqrt(K)\n",
- "mu=x\n",
- "print(\"From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\")\n",
- "gH=0.963\n",
- "gA=0.960\n",
- "x22=K/(gH*gA)\n",
- "p=([1,x22, -c*x22])\n",
- "z=numpy.roots(p)\n",
- "alpha=z[1]\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"concentration of H plus ions =\",alpha,\" m\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Neglecting x w.r.t c,\n",
- "From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\n",
- "concentration of H plus ions = 1.37e-03 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 12
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 12 - pg 373"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Solubility of Agcl\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "print(\"From table 14.3\")\n",
- "import math\n",
- "K1=-13.5089\n",
- "K2=-22.9792\n",
- "K3=19.2218\n",
- "c=0.1 #m\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "logK=K1-K2-K3\n",
- "K=10**logK\n",
- "mu=0.5*(c*1**2 + c*1**2)\n",
- "print(\"From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\")\n",
- "gAg=0.745\n",
- "gCl=0.755\n",
- "x2=K/(gAg*gCl)\n",
- "x=math.sqrt(x2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Solubility of Agcl =\",x,\"m\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "From table 14.3\n",
- "From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\n",
- "Solubility of Agcl = 1.78e-05 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 13
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 13 - pg 376"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the Concentration of Na and Cl in both cases\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import numpy\n",
- "Cna=0.11\n",
- "Ccl=0.1\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "p=([99, - 2.1, Cna*Ccl])\n",
- "z=numpy.roots(p)\n",
- "alpha=z[1]\n",
- "Na1=Cna-10*alpha\n",
- "Cl1=Ccl-10*alpha\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\" Concentration of Na in 1 =\",Na1,\"M\")\n",
- "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n Concentration of Cl in 1 =\",Cl1,\" M\")\n",
- "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n Concentration of Na in 2 =\",alpha,\"M\")\n",
- "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n Concentration of Cl in 2 =\",alpha,\"M\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " Concentration of Na in 1 = 0.0157 M\n",
- "\n",
- " Concentration of Cl in 1 = 0.0057 M\n",
- "\n",
- " Concentration of Na in 2 = 0.0094 M\n",
- "\n",
- " Concentration of Cl in 2 = 0.0094 M\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 14
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
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