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diff --git a/Physical_Chemistry_by_D._Farrington/Chapter9_Chemical.ipynb b/Physical_Chemistry_by_D._Farrington/Chapter9_Chemical.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3d6e3fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physical_Chemistry_by_D._Farrington/Chapter9_Chemical.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,797 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter9 Chemical Equilibria" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.1, Page no.35" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kc= 0.5002 lˆ2 moleˆ−2\n", + "Kx= 0.0164 e\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T=400 #in Celsius\n", + "R=0.08205 #in l−atm moleˆ−1 degˆ−1\n", + "Kp=1.64*10**-4\n", + "n=2.0\n", + "P=10 #in atm\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "Kc=Kp*(R*(273.1+T))**n\n", + "Kx=Kp*P**n\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "Kc=round(Kc,4)\n", + "print 'Kc=',Kc,'lˆ2 moleˆ−2'\n", + "print 'Kx=',Kx,'e'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.2, Page no.35" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "degree of dissociation= 0.1846\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "R=0.08205 #in l−atm moleˆ−1 degˆ−1\n", + "T=25 #in Celsius\n", + "g=1.588 #in gms\n", + "P=1 #in atm\n", + "V=0.5 #litres\n", + "M1=92.02 #g moleˆ−1 \n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "M2=R*(273.1+T)*g/(P*V)\n", + "a=(M1-M2)/M2 \n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "a=round(a,4)\n", + "print 'degree of dissociation=',a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.3, Page no.36" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kp= 0.14\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "P=1 #atm\n", + "a=18.46 #in percentage\n", + "P1=0.5 #atm\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "Kp=P*4*(a/100)**2/(1-(a/100)**2)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "Kp=round(Kp,2)\n", + "print 'Kp=',Kp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.4, Page no.36" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kp= 1.83\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "M1=208.3 #gms\n", + "g=2.69 #gms\n", + "R=0.08205 #l−atm moleˆ−1 degˆ−1\n", + "T=250 #Celsius\n", + "P=1 #atm\n", + "V=1 #lit\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "M2=g*R*(273.1+T)/(P*V)\n", + "a=(M1-M2)/M2\n", + "Kp=a**2*P/(1-a**2)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "Kp=round(Kp,3)\n", + "print 'Kp=',Kp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.5, Page no.37" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "degree of dissociation= 0.574\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "x=0.0574 #mole\n", + "n=0.1 #mole\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "a=x/n\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'degree of dissociation=',a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.6, Page no.37" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x= 0.341 mole\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "R=0.08205 #l−atm moleˆ−1 degˆ−1\n", + "T=250 #Celsius\n", + "n=0.1 #mole\n", + "Kp=1.78\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "x=n+(n**2*R*(273.1+T)/Kp)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "x=round(x,3)\n", + "print 'x=',x,'mole'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.7, Page no.38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "P= 3.668 atm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "Ppcl5=1 #atm\n", + "Kp=1.78 \n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "Ppcl2=sqrt(Kp)\n", + "P=2*Ppcl2+Ppcl5\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "P=round(P,3)\n", + "print 'P=',P,'atm'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.8, Page no.38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kp= 42.72 atm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "Kp=1.78\n", + "a=0.2\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "P=Kp*(1-a**2)/a**2\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'Kp=',P,'atm'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.10, Page no.38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "K= 4.001\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "n=0.6667 #mole\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "K=n**2/((1-n)**2)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "K=round(K,3)\n", + "print 'K=',K" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.11, Page no.39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dG= 1160.57 cal\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "pN2O4=0.141 #atm\n", + "pNO2=1 #atm\n", + "R=1.987 #cal moleˆ−1 degˆ−1\n", + "T=25 #Celsius\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "dG=-R*2.303*(273.1+T)*math.log10(pN2O4/pNO2**2)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "dG=round(dG,3)\n", + "print 'dG=',dG,'cal'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.12, Page no.40" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dG= -1160.57 cal\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "pN2O4=1 #atm \n", + "pNO2=0.141 #atm \n", + "R=1.987 #cal moleˆ−1 degˆ−1 \n", + "T=25 #C \n", + "#CALCULATIONS \n", + "dG=-R*2.303*(273.1+T)*math.log10(pN2O4/pNO2) \n", + "#RESULTS \n", + "dG=round(dG,3)\n", + "print 'dG=',dG,'cal'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.13, Page no.40" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dG= -3526.964 cal\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "Kc=2.7*10**2 \n", + "R= 1.987 #cal moleˆ−1 degˆ−1 \n", + "T= 43.9 #c \n", + "#CALCULATIONS \n", + "dG=-R*(273.1+T)*2.303*math.log10(Kc) \n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "dG=round(dG,3)\n", + "print 'dG=',dG,'cal'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.14, Page no.40" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kp= 6.30787913713e-05 e\n", + "ANSWER IN THE TEXTBOOK IS WRONG\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "dH=-17.889 # cal degˆ−1 \n", + "T=25 #C \n", + "dS=-19.28 # cal degˆ−1 \n", + "R=1.987 # cal moleˆ−1 degˆ−1 \n", + "#CALCULATIONS \n", + "dG=dH-dS*(273.1+T) \n", + "Kp=10**(dG/(-R*(273.1+T)*2.303)) \n", + "#RESULTS \n", + "print 'Kp=',Kp,'e'\n", + "print 'ANSWER IN THE TEXTBOOK IS WRONG'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.15, Page no.40" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kp= 1.01157190896 e\n", + "ANSWER IN THE TEXTBOOK IS WRONG\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "HCO2=-94.2598 # kcal\n", + "HH2=0 # kcal\n", + "HCO=-32.8079 # kcal\n", + "HH2O=-54.6357 # kcal\n", + "R=1.987 # cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n", + "T=25 #C\n", + "#CALCULATIONS \n", + "Kp=10**(-(HCO2 -HCO -HH2O)/(R*2.303*(273.1+T)))\n", + "#RESULTS \n", + "print 'Kp=',Kp,'e' \n", + "print 'ANSWER IN THE TEXTBOOK IS WRONG'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.16, Page no.41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dG= -202.666 cal\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "G0=1161.0 # cal\n", + "R=1.987 # cal moleˆ−1 degˆ−1\n", + "T=25.0 #C\n", + "P=1.0 #atm\n", + "P1=10.0 #atm\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "dG=G0+R*(273.0+T)*2.303*math.log10(P**2/P1) \n", + "#RESULTS \n", + "dG=round(dG,3)\n", + "print 'dG=',dG,'cal'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.17, Page no.41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "enthalpy change= 43273.17 cal\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "K2500=3.6*10**-3\n", + "K2000=4.08*10** -4 \n", + "R=1.987 # cal moleˆ−1 Kˆ−1\n", + "T1=2500 #K\n", + "T2=2000 #K\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "dH=math.log10(K2500/K2000)*2.303*R*T1*T2/(T1-T2) \n", + "#RESULTS \n", + "dH=round(dH,3)\n", + "print 'enthalpy change=',dH,'cal'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.18, Page no.42" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "K800= 3.596\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "dH=-10200 #cal\n", + "R=1.987 # cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n", + "T1=690 #K\n", + "T2=800 #K\n", + "KT1=10\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "KT2=KT1*10**(dH*(T2-T1)/(2.303*R*T1*T2)) \n", + "#RESULTS \n", + "KT2=round(KT2,3)\n", + "print 'K800=',KT2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.19, Page no.42" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kp= 1.953\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T=1000.0 #K \n", + "R=1.987 # cal moleˆ−1 Kˆ−1 \n", + "G=-1330.0 # cal moleˆ−1 \n", + "#CALCULATIONS \n", + "Kp=10.0**(G/(-R*T*2.303)) \n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "Kp=round(Kp,3)\n", + "print 'Kp=',Kp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.20, Page no.43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "percent dissaciated= 97.304 percent\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "Kp=1.78 \n", + "P=0.1 #atm \n", + "#CALCULATIONS \n", + "a=sqrt(Kp/(Kp+P))*100 \n", + "#RESULTS \n", + "a=round(a,3)\n", + "print 'percent dissaciated=',a,'percent'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.21, Page no.43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "equilibrium constant= 0.00000072\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "R=1.987 # cal moleˆ−1 Kˆ−1 \n", + "T=2000 #K \n", + "dH= 117172 # cal moleˆ−1 \n", + "H=-43 # cal moleˆ−1 \n", + "n=2 \n", + "H1=-56.12 # cal moleˆ−1 \n", + "#CALCULATIONS 1\n", + "K=10**( -(1/(2.303*R))*((dH/T)+n*H-H1))\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'equilibrium constant=',format(K, '.8f')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.22, Page no.43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ANSWER IN TEXTBOOK IS WRONG\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T=25.0 #C \n", + "R=1.987 # cal moleˆ−1 Kˆ−1 \n", + "n=2.0 \n", + "dH=-21.840 # cal moleˆ−1 \n", + "HHCl=-37.73 # cal moleˆ−1 \n", + "HH2=-24.44 # cal moleˆ−1 \n", + "HCl=-45.95 # cal moleˆ−1 1\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "K=10**(( -1/(2.303*R))*((dH*n/(273.15+T))+n*HHCl -HH2 - HCl))\n", + "print 'ANSWER IN TEXTBOOK IS WRONG'" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "anaconda-cloud": {}, + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python [Root]", + "language": "python", + "name": "Python [Root]" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |