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+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter15 Ionic Equilibria"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.1,Page no.62"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "solubility product = 2048.0 * 10**-15\n",
+ "solubility= 2048.0 * 10**6\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "c=8*10**-5 # molar\n",
+ "n=2.0\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "Ksp=c**3*n**2\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "Ksp=Ksp*10**15\n",
+ "x=Ksp\n",
+ "print 'solubility product =',Ksp,'* 10**-15'\n",
+ "print 'solubility=',x,'* 10**6'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.2,Page no.62"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "mean ionic activity cooeficient = 1.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "Ksp=2*10**-12 \n",
+ "M=8.84*10** -5 # molar \n",
+ "n=2.0\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "r=(Ksp/(n**2*M**3))**(1/3) \n",
+ "#RESULTS \n",
+ "print 'mean ionic activity cooeficient =',r"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.3,Page no.63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "mean ionic activity coeficient = 0.791\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "from math import sqrt\n",
+ "n=2.0 \n",
+ "C=0.01 #M\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "r=10**(-0.509*n*sqrt(C)) \n",
+ "r=round(r,3)\n",
+ "#RESULTS \n",
+ "print 'mean ionic activity coeficient =',r"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.4,Page no.63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 17,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "degree of ionisation = 0.01 * 10**-5\n",
+ "ion product of water = 0.0001 * 10**-10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "M=18 #gms\n",
+ "k=5.5*10** -8 #ohmˆ−1 cmˆ−1\n",
+ "lc=349.8 #cmˆ2 equivˆ−1 ohmˆ−1\n",
+ "la=198 #cmˆ2 equivˆ−1 ohmˆ−1\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "A=M*k\n",
+ "A0= lc+la \n",
+ "a=A/A0\n",
+ "a1= 1000*a/M \n",
+ "Kw=a1*a1\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "a1=a1* 10**5\n",
+ "a1=round(a1,2)\n",
+ "Kw=Kw* 10**10\n",
+ "Kw=round(Kw,4)\n",
+ "print 'degree of ionisation =',a1,'* 10**-5'\n",
+ "print 'ion product of water =',Kw,'* 10**-10'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.5,Page no.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "pKa = 3.752\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "Ka=1.772*10** -4 \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "pK=-math.log10(Ka) \n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "pK=round(pK,3)\n",
+ "print 'pKa =',pK"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.6,Page no.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 15,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "ionisation constant = 0.00002212\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "K=1.75*10** -5 \n",
+ "c=0.01 #M \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "r=10**( -0.509*sqrt(c)) \n",
+ "Ka=K/r**2 \n",
+ "#RESULTS \n",
+ "print 'ionisation constant =',format(Ka, '.8f')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.7,Page no.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "pH = 2.878\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "from math import sqrt\n",
+ "ka=1.75*10** -5 \n",
+ "ca=0.1 #mole lit \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "pH=-math.log10(sqrt(ka*ca)) \n",
+ "#RESULTS \n",
+ "pH=round(pH,3)\n",
+ "print 'pH =',pH"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.8,Page no.65"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "pH = 8.785\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "kw=10**-14\n",
+ "ka=2.69*10** -5\n",
+ "c=0.1 #N\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "pH=-math.log10(sqrt(kw*ka/c))\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "pH=round(pH,3)\n",
+ "print 'pH =',pH"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.9,Page no.65"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "pH= 5.093\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "pH=4.57\n",
+ "M=0.03 #mole litre ˆ−1\n",
+ "M1=0.1 #mole litre ˆ−1\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "pH1=pH+math.log10(M1/M)\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "pH1=round(pH1,3)\n",
+ "print 'pH=',pH1"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.10,Page no.65"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "pH= 8.567\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "pH=9.26\n",
+ "M=0.02 #N\n",
+ "M1=0.01 #/N\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "pH1=pH+math.log(M1/M)\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "pH1=round(pH1,3)\n",
+ "print 'pH=',pH1"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.11,Page no.66"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 16,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "pH = 7.11\n",
+ "dpH = 0.03\n",
+ "dpH = 4.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "pKa=6.84\n",
+ "n=0.04 #mole\n",
+ "n1=0.02 #mole\n",
+ "n2=0.001 #mole\n",
+ "pH3=7.0\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "pH=pKa+math.log10(n/n1) \n",
+ "pH1=pKa+math.log10((n-n2)/(n1+n2)) \n",
+ "dpH=pH-pH1 \n",
+ "pH2=-math.log10(n2)\n",
+ "dpH1=pH3-pH2\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "pH1=round(pH1,2)\n",
+ "dpH=round(dpH,2)\n",
+ "print 'pH =',pH1\n",
+ "print 'dpH =',dpH\n",
+ "print 'dpH =',dpH1"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "anaconda-cloud": {},
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python [Root]",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "Python [Root]"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.11"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-01-09 14:11:15 +0000