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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a2081322aeeec1f784d913a531d652947d3374639d5b34917181cf0739e34394"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 13: Optical networks"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.1, Page Number: 464"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#variable declaration\n",
+      "N=np.array([5,10,50])                      #number of station\n",
+      "alpha = 0.4                                #attanuation (dB/km)\n",
+      "L_tap = 10                                 #coupling loss (dB)\n",
+      "L_thru = 0.9                               #coupler throughput(dB)\n",
+      "Li = 0.5                                   #intrinsic coupler loss(dB)\n",
+      "Lc = 1.0                                   #coupler to fiber loss(dB)\n",
+      "L = 0.5                                    #link length(km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "fiber_Loss = alpha *L                                                   #fiber loss(dB)\n",
+      "Pbudget = N*(alpha*L+2*Lc+Li+ L_thru)-alpha*L-2*L_thru +2* L_tap        #power budget(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print \"Fiber loss at 500m =\",fiber_Loss,\"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"Power budget of three stations 5, 10, 50 respectively = \",Pbudget[0],\"dB\",Pbudget[1],\"dB\",Pbudget[2],\"dB\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Fiber loss at 500m = 0.2 dB\n",
+        "Power budget of three stations 5, 10, 50 respectively =  36.0 dB 54.0 dB 198.0 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.2, Page Number: 465"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "import scipy as sp\n",
+      "from scipy import special\n",
+      "\n",
+      "%matplotlib inline\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#variable declaration\n",
+      "alpha = 0.4                                #attanuation (dB/km)\n",
+      "L_tap = 10                                 #coupling loss (dB)\n",
+      "L_thru = 0.9                               #coupler throughput(dB)\n",
+      "Li = 0.5                                   #intrinsic coupler loss(dB)\n",
+      "Lc = 1.0                                   #coupler to fiber loss(dB)\n",
+      "L = 0.5                                    #link length(km)\n",
+      "Pbudget_LED = 38                           #power loss of LED\n",
+      "Pbudget_LASER = 51                         #power loss of LASER\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "N_LED = (Pbudget_LED + alpha*L-2*L_thru-2*L_tap)/(alpha*L+2*Lc+Li+L_thru)\n",
+      "N_LASER = (Pbudget_LASER + alpha*L-2*L_thru-2*L_tap)/(alpha*L+2*Lc+Li+L_thru)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print \"Number of stations allowed for given loss of 38 dB with LED source =\",round(N_LED,0)\n",
+      "print \"Number of stations allowed for given loss of 51 dB with LASER source =\",round(N_LASER,0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#plot\n",
+      "x1=arange(0.0, 50.0, 10.0)\n",
+      "Pbudget1 = x1*(alpha*L+2*Lc+Li+ L_thru)-alpha*L-2*L_thru +2* L_tap\n",
+      "plot(x1,Pbudget1)\n",
+      "title('Plot of total power loss as a function of number attached station for linear bus')\n",
+      "ylabel('Power loss between station 1 and N(dB)')\n",
+      "xlabel('Number of stations')\n",
+      "text(30,120,'Linear bus')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of stations allowed for given loss of 38 dB with LED source = 5.0\n",
+        "Number of stations allowed for given loss of 51 dB with LASER source = 8.0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 4,
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.text.Text at 0xa859828>"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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FdlI2M+s+pUnMwBkR8bakXYG9gUuA/21yTH2C+yKbmfWcMiXmufn/\n/sDFEXEr4LsrL0EffACjR6eE/PDDqS/yxRenIRnNzGzJKFOr7GmSRgP7AiMlLU+5fliURuW4yAMG\npL7IQ4Y0Oyozs76hNI2/cmOvocCkiHhG0nrAoIi4vYvb6wc8ArwUEQdIWgO4BtgYmAocGhFv1liv\nVzf+cl9kM1sS3PircaUpcUbEP0lDPw6V9HVg7a4m5eybwGQWDB05DLgjIgYCd+XpPmPixJSEv/IV\nOPVUeOQR2G8/J2Uzs55WmsQs6ZuklthrAesAv5F0Uhe3tQHwaeDXQFvqORC4PD++HDh4sQIuCfdF\nNjMrljKdfo8HdoyIMyLiB8BOwJe6uK1fAN8B5lXMWyciZuTHM0jJv9eaPh1OOAF23hkGD4Znnkml\n5WXcnM7MrKnK1PgLFk6k8+ou1Q5J+wOvRsSjklpqLRMR0d7tPkeMGDH/cUtLCy0tNTdTSLNmpa5P\nF18Mxx2XSszu9mRm3a21tZXW1tZmh1FKZWr8dTJwNHADqfr5YGBMRPyik9v5CXAk8AGwPLBq3uYn\ngJaIeCU3LBsXEYuMiVTWxl+zZ8MFF8C558LBB8OZZ7rbk5n1HDf+alxpEjOApO2BXUkNtsZHxKOL\nub09gFNzq+xzgDciYpSkYUD/iFikAVjZEnP1uMhnn+0hGM2s5zkxN67wVdm5G1Ob50ldmQBC0hoR\nMXMxX6Ity44EfifpuPwahy7mdpvKfZHNzMqp8CVmSVNZkDyrRURs1oPhlKLE7L7IZlY0LjE3rvCJ\nuWiKnJg9LrKZFZUTc+N82u4F3BfZzKz38Km7xNwX2cys93FiLiGPi2xm1nuVIjFLWlrS082Oo9k8\nLrKZWe9XisQcER8AT0nauNmxNIPHRTYz6zsK34+5whrAXyVNAP6Z50VEHNjEmJYo90U2M+t7ypSY\nf1BjXjH7LXWDyr7IF1zgvshmZn1FqfoxS9oE2Dwi7pS0IrB0RLzdwzEs0X7M7otsZr2R+zE3rjSn\nfElfBq4FfpVnbQDc2LyIupf7IpuZGZQoMQNfIw1g8TZAREwB1m5qRN3AfZHNzKxSmRLzexHxXtuE\npKUp8TVm90U2M7NaypSY75Z0OrCipH1J1dq3NDmmTnNfZDMza0+ZEvNpwGvA48AJwP8B329qRJ3g\nvshmZtaI0rTKlrQ3cH9E/KvJcXSqVXZ1X+SRI90X2cz6HrfKblyZEvMVwE7ALOCe/HdvRMzq4Tga\nTsweF9nMLHFiblxpEnMbSesD/wGcCqwfEZ2+SYqkDYErSK26AxgdEf8taQ3gGmBjYCpwaES8WbVu\nh4nZfZHNzBbmxNy40iRmSUeSukttTbrWfC+pxHx/F7a1LrBuRPxF0srAROBg4Bjg9Yg4R9JpwOoR\nMaxq3bqJecoU+P734d574Ywz4Ljj3O3JzAycmDujTIn5DeA54JdAa0Q8343bvgm4MP/tEREzcvJu\njYgtq5ZdJDFPnw5nnZWuJZ9yCpx0krs9mZlVcmJuXJkqWNcEjgWWB34saYKk3yzuRvNtPgcDDwHr\nRMSM/NQMYJ321nVfZDMz625lGsRiFWAj0vXfTYD+wLzF2WCuxr4e+GZE/EMVLbMiIiTVrE44/fQR\nPPQQ3H8/7LlnC4891uJuT2ZmFVpbW2ltbW12GKVUpqrsScB9wHjgnoh4aTG3twxwK/CHiDg/z3sK\naImIVyStB4yrVZU9YECw006pYdeWWy66bTMzW5irshtXmsTcRtIqpALtO4uxDQGXA29ExLcr5p+T\n542SNAzoX6vx10MPhfsim5l1ghNz40qTmCUNInVx+lCe9RpwVEQ80YVt7UrqBz2JBffbHg5MAH5H\nqjKfShe7S5mZ2cKcmBtXpsT8APC9iBiXp1uAn0TEzj0chxOzmVknOTE3rkytsldsS8oAEdEKuP2z\nmZn1KmVqlf28pB8AVwICjgD+1tyQzMzMuleZSszHkG6heQOpi9NapH7NZmZmvUbhS8ySVgC+AmxO\naqx1ckTMaW5UZmZmS0YZSsyXA9uTxmH+N+Dc5oZjZma25BS+VbakxyNiUH68NPBwRAxuYjxulW1m\n1kluld24MpSYP2h7EBEftLegmZlZ2ZWhxDwXmF0xawXgX/lxRMSqPRyPS8xmZp3kEnPjCt/4KyL6\nNTsGMzOznlKGqmwzM7M+w4nZzMysQJyYzczMCsSJ2czMrECcmM3MzArEidnMzKxAnJirSBoq6SlJ\nz0g6rdnxmJlZ3+LEXEFSP+BCYCiwFfB5SR9tblRd09ra2uwQGlKGOMsQIzjO7uY4rVmcmBc2BHg2\nIqbmEayuBg5qckxdUpYvaxniLEOM4Di7m+O0ZnFiXtgA4MWK6ZfyPDMzsx7hxLww3wTbzMyaqvCD\nWPQkSTsBIyJiaJ4eDsyLiFEVy3iHmZl1gQexaIwTc4U83vPTwN7AdGAC8PmIeLKpgZmZWZ9R+NGl\nelJEfCDp68AfgX7AJU7KZmbWk1xiNjMzKxA3/mpQWW48ImmqpEmSHpU0odnxtJF0qaQZkh6vmLeG\npDskTZF0u6T+zYwxx1QrzhGSXsr79FFJQ5sZY45pQ0njJP1V0hOSTsrzC7VP24mzMPtU0vKSHpL0\nlxzjiDy/aPuyXpyF2ZeVJPXL8dySpwu1P4vMJeYG5BuPPA3sA0wDHqag154lPQ9sHxEzmx1LJUm7\nAe8AV0TEoDzvHOD1iDgn/9hZPSKGFTDOM4F/RMTPmxlbJUnrAutGxF8krQxMBA4GjqFA+7SdOA+l\nQPtU0ooRMTu3M7kX+CbwOQq0L9uJcygF2pdtJJ0MbA+sEhEHFvH7XlQuMTembDceKVzLx4gYD8yq\nmn0gcHl+fDnphN1UdeKEgu3TiHglIv6SH78DPEnqc1+ofdpOnFCgfRoRs/PDZYFlSF0nC7UvoW6c\nUKB9CSBpA+DTwK9ZEFvh9mdROTE3pkw3HgngTkmPSPpSs4PpwDoRMSM/ngGs08xgOvANSY9JuqRo\nVXCSNgEGAw9R4H1aEeeDeVZh9qmkpST9hbTPbo+ICRRwX9aJEwq0L7NfAN8B5lXMK9z+LCon5saU\nqb5/l4gYDPwb8LVcNVt4ka6pFHU//xLYFNgWeBk4r7nhLJCrh68HvhkR/6h8rkj7NMd5HSnOdyjY\nPo2IeRGxLbABsKOkj1c9X4h9WSPOj1GwfSlpf+DViHiUOiX5ouzPonJibsw0YMOK6Q1JpebCiYiX\n8//XgBtJ1fBFNSNfg0TSesCrTY6npoh4NTJS1Vwh9qmkZUhJ+cqIuCnPLtw+rYjzN21xFnWfRsRb\nwDjgUxRwX7apiHNoAfflzsCBub3LWGAvSVdS4P1ZNE7MjXkE+IikTSQtCxwG3NzkmBYhaUVJq+TH\nKwH7AY+3v1ZT3QwclR8fBdzUzrJNk08ibT5LAfapJAGXAJMj4vyKpwq1T+vFWaR9KmnNtupfSSsA\n+5KuhRdtX9aMsy3ZZU0/PiPiexGxYURsChwO/CkijqRg+7PI3Cq7QZL+DTifBTce+WmTQ1qEpE1J\npWRIN4/5bVHilDQW2ANYk3R96Qzg98DvgI2AqcChEfFms2KEmnGeCbSQqgkDeB44oeJaWVNI2hW4\nB5jEgirB4aS71RVmn9aJ83vA5ynIPpU0iNQYqR+psHJNRJwtaQ2KtS/rxXkFBdmX1STtAZySW2UX\nan8WmROzmZlZgbgq28zMrECcmM3MzArEidnMzKxAnJjNzMwKxInZzMysQJyYzczMCsSJ2ayKpHmS\nzq2YPjWPMNUd2x4j6XPdsa0OXucQSZMl3dXg8t/rynKS7utKfGZWnxOz2aLeBz4r6UN5ujs7+3d5\nW3mov0YdBxwfEXs3uPzwriwXEbt0IiYza4ATs9mi5gCjgW9XP1Fd4pX0Tv7fIuluSTdJek7STyUd\nkQe2nyRps4rN7CPpYUlPS/pMXr+fpJ9JmpBHCfpyxXbHS/o98Nca8Xw+b/9xSSPzvDOAXYBL8xi4\nlcuvJ+kepQHsH5e0a15vhTzvyrzcTXmEsifaRimrs1zb+1eO//Ecz6EV8bdKulbSk5J+UxHLSEl/\nze/3Z537iMx6r878AjfrSy4CJlUnNhYt8VZObw1sSRrP+W/AxRGxo6STgG+QEr2AjSPiE5I2B8bl\n/0cBb0bEEEnLAfdKuj1vdzDwsYj4e+ULS1ofGAlsB7wJ3C7poIj4oaQ9SbdC/HNVvJ8HbouIn0ha\nClgxIu6V9LU8KlmbYyJiVr4n8wRJ10XEsBrLtb3/fwe2yftgLeBhSffk57YFtiKNfHSfpF2Ap4CD\nI2LL/F5WxcwAl5jNaspDKF4BnNSJ1R6OiBkR8T7wHNCWWJ8ANmnbNOl+wUTEs6QEviVpwJEvSnqU\nNF7xGsDmeZ0J1Uk5+wQwLiLeiIi5wG+B3SuerzXk3sPAMfma+aA8BGMt31Qa9/cB0mhqH2n3ncOu\nwFV5kKNXgbtzfJHjn55HP/oLsDHph8S7SuMHfxb4VwfbN+sznJjN6jufdK12pYp5H5C/N7nEuWzF\nc+9VPJ5XMT2P9mun2kqdX4+IwfnvwxFxZ57/z3bWq0y+YuES/CLXsyNiPLAbaSjTMZKOrF5GUguw\nN7BTHvv3UWD5duKvFUvl61ful7nAMvmHxBDSGM37A7d1sH2zPsOJ2ayOiJhFKt0ex4IkMxXYPj8+\nEFimk5sVcEi+JvthYDNSte4fgRPbGnhJGihpxQ629TCwh6QPSepHGmLv7nZfXNoIeC0ifk0ajrGt\nWnpOReOyVYFZEfGupC2BnSo2UblcpfHAYZKWkrQWqeQ+gdql9rZhSftHxB+Ak0nV4GaGrzGb1VJZ\n0jwP+HrF9MXA73M1723AO3XWq95eVDx+gZS0ViUN0fe+pF+Tqrv/LEmkQeQ/W7XuwhuNeFnSMGAc\nKQHeGhG3dPDeWoDvSJoD/AP4Yp4/mnRNfSLph8hXJE0GniZVZ1O9XB5jN3IsN0r6JPBYnvediHhV\n0kdrxB/AKqT9uHyOfZGGdmZ9lYd9NDMzKxBXZZuZmRWIE7OZmVmBODGbmZkViBOzmZlZgTgxm5mZ\nFYgTs5mZWYE4MZuZmRWIE7OZmVmB/H9er5axAg/A2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0xa4215f8>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.3, Page Number: 465"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#variable declaration\n",
+      "N=np.array([5,10])                         #number of station\n",
+      "alpha = 0.4                                #attanuation (dB/km)\n",
+      "L_thru = 0.9                               #coupler throughput(dB)\n",
+      "Li = 0.5                                   #intrinsic coupler loss(dB)\n",
+      "Lc = 1.0                                   #coupler to fiber loss(dB)\n",
+      "L = 0.5                                    #link length(km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "DR = (N-2)*(alpha*L+2*Lc+Li+L_thru)           #dynamic range(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print \"Dynamic range for number of station 5 = \",DR[0],\"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"Dynamic range for number of station 10 = \",DR[1],\"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Dynamic range for number of station 5 =  10.8 dB\n",
+        "Dynamic range for number of station 10 =  28.8 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.4, Page Number: 466"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#variable declaration\n",
+      "N1=10                                      #number of station\n",
+      "N2=50                                      #number of station\n",
+      "alpha = 0.4                                #attanuation (dB/km)\n",
+      "L = 0.5                                    #link length(km)\n",
+      "Lc = 1.0                                   #coupler to fiber loss(dB)\n",
+      "Lexcess1 = 0.75                            #excess loss for 10 station\n",
+      "Lexcess2 = 1.25                            #excess loss for 50 station\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Ps_Pr1 = Lexcess1+alpha*2*L+2*Lc+10*math.log10(N1)              #power margin for 10 station(dB)\n",
+      "Ps_Pr2 = Lexcess2+alpha*2*L+2*Lc+10*math.log10(N2)              #power margin for 50 station(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print \"Power margin between transmitter and receiver for 10 station =\",round(Ps_Pr1,1),\"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"Power margin between transmitter and receiver for 50 station =\",round(Ps_Pr2,1),\"dB\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power margin between transmitter and receiver for 10 station = 13.2 dB\n",
+        "Power margin between transmitter and receiver for 50 station = 20.6 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.5, Page Number: 477"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#variable declaration\n",
+      "L_OM2 = 40                                  #Length of OM2 fiber(meter)\n",
+      "L_OM3 = 100                                 #Length of OM3 fiber(meter)\n",
+      "BW_OM2 = 500*10**6                          #bandwidth of OM2 fiber(MHz)\n",
+      "BW_OM3 = 2000*10**6                         #bandwidth of OM3 fiber(MHz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Lmax = L_OM2*(BW_OM3/BW_OM2)+L_OM3          #Maximum link length(meter)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print \"Maximum link length = \",Lmax,\"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum link length =  260 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file