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diff --git a/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar/chapter2.ipynb b/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar/chapter2.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 934feb4e..00000000 --- a/Optical_Communiation_by_Anasuya_Kalavar/chapter2.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,886 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:94ac7a20c62e9612d243d85d9b1b3699e50dc46a0975e66ae373ce7747106bc9" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Chapter2 - Optical Fibers" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.4.1 page 2-10" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "from numpy import arcsin, sqrt, pi\n", - "#Numerical Aperture and critical angle\n", - "n1=1.46 #refractive index\n", - "d=0.01 #difference\n", - "na=n1*sqrt(2*d) #numerical aperture\n", - "x=1-d #\n", - "oc=arcsin(x)*180/pi #in degree\n", - "print \"numerical aperture = \",round(na,2)\n", - "print \"critical angle at core cladding interface =\",round(oc,1),\" degree\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "numerical aperture = 0.21\n", - "critical angle at core cladding interface = 81.9 degree\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.5.1, page 2-11" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "from numpy import arcsin, sqrt, pi\n", - "#Numerical Aperture ,critical angle and acceptance angle\n", - "n2=1.45 #core refrative index\n", - "n1=1.49 #cladding refrative index\n", - "oc=arcsin(n2/n1)*180/pi #in degree\n", - "na=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) #numerical aperture\n", - "pc=arcsin(na)*180/pi #degree\n", - "print \"critical angle is =\",round(oc,2),\" degree\"\n", - "print \"numerical aperture =\",round(na,3)\n", - "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(pc,2),\" degree\"\n", - "# Answer in the book are not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "critical angle is = 76.69 degree\n", - "numerical aperture = 0.343\n", - "acceptance angle is 20.06 degree\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.5.2, page 2-11" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "from numpy import arcsin, sqrt, pi\n", - "delta = 1.2/100 # Relative refractive difference index\n", - "n1=1.45 # Core refractive index \n", - "NA= n1*sqrt(2*delta) #computing numerical aperture\n", - "Acceptance_angle = arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", - "si = pi*NA**2 #computing solid acceptance angle\n", - "print \"Numerical aperture is %.3f.\\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degree.\\nSolid acceptance angle is %.3f radians.\" %(NA,Acceptance_angle,si) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Numerical aperture is 0.225.\n", - "Acceptance angle is 12.98 degree.\n", - "Solid acceptance angle is 0.159 radians.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.5.3, page 2-12" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "NA = 0.45 # Numerical Aperture\n", - "Acceptance_angle = arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle.\n", - "print \"Acceptance angle is %.1f degree.\" %Acceptance_angle" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Acceptance angle is 26.7 degree.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.5.4, page 2-12" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from numpy import arctan\n", - "diameter = 1 #Diameter in centimeter\n", - "Focal_length = 10 #Focal length in centimeter\n", - "radius=diameter/2 #computing radius\n", - "Acceptance_angle = arctan(radius/Focal_length)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", - "Conical_full_angle = 2*Acceptance_angle #computing conical angle\n", - "Solid_acceptance_angle = pi*Acceptance_angle**2 #computing solid acceptance angle\n", - "NA = sqrt(Solid_acceptance_angle/pi) #computing Numerical aperture\n", - "print \"Numerical aperture is %.2f.\\nConical full angle is %.2f degree.\" %(NA,Conical_full_angle) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Numerical aperture is 2.86.\n", - "Conical full angle is 5.72 degree.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 7 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.6.1, page 2-16" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from numpy import cos\n", - "NA = 0.45 #Numerical aperture\n", - "betaB = 45 # Skew ray change direction by 90 degree at each reflection\n", - "Meridional_theta = arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptacne angle for meridoinal ray\n", - "Skew_theta = arcsin(NA/cos(betaB*pi/180))*180/pi #computing acceptacne angle for skew ray\n", - "print \"Acceptacne angle for Meridoinal ray is %.2f degree.\\nAcceptance angle for Skew ray %.1f degree.\" %(Meridional_theta,Skew_theta) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Acceptacne angle for Meridoinal ray is 26.74 degree.\n", - "Acceptance angle for Skew ray 39.5 degree.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.1, page 2-21" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "core_diameter=78*10**-6 #core diameter\n", - "delta=1.4/100 #relative index difference\n", - "lamda=0.8*10**-6 #operating wavelength\n", - "n1=1.47 #core refractive index\n", - "a=core_diameter/2 #computing core radius\n", - "v= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "M=(v)**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", - "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.3f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.1f\" %(v,M)\n", - "#answer in the book are incorrect." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Normalized Frequency is 75.306.\n", - "Total number of guided modes are 2835.5\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 9 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.2, page 2-23" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "n1=1.47 #refractive index of core\n", - "a=4.3*10**-6 #radius of core\n", - "delta=0.2/100 #relative index difference\n", - "lamda= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/2.405 #computing wavelength\n", - "lamda=lamda*10**9 \n", - "print \"Wavelength of fiber is %d nm.\" %lamda\n", - "#answer in the book is given as 1230nm which is incorrect." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Wavelength of fiber is 1043 nm.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.3, page 2-23" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "n1=1.482 #refractive index of core\n", - "n2=1.474 #refractive index of cladding\n", - "lamda=820*10**-9 #Wavelength\n", - "NA=sqrt(n1**2 - n2**2) #computing Numerical aperture\n", - "theta= arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", - "solid_angle=pi*(NA)**2 #computing solid angle\n", - "a=2.405*lamda/(2*3.14*NA) #computing core radius\n", - "a=a*10**6 \n", - "print \"Numerical aperture is %.3f.\\nAcceptance angle is %.1f degrees.\\nSolid angle is %.3f radians.\\nCore radius is %.2f micrometer.\" %(NA,theta,solid_angle,a) \n", - "#answer in the book are not accurate." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Numerical aperture is 0.154.\n", - "Acceptance angle is 8.8 degrees.\n", - "Solid angle is 0.074 radians.\n", - "Core radius is 2.04 micrometer.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 11 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.4, page 2-24" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from numpy import ceil\n", - "NA=0.16 #Numerical aperture\n", - "n1=1.45 #core refractive index\n", - "d=60*10**-6 #core diameter\n", - "lamda=0.82*10**-6 #wavelength\n", - "a=d/2 #core radius\n", - "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "M=v**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", - "print \"if normalized frequency is taken as %d, then there are %d guided modes.\" %(ceil(v),M) \n", - "#Answer given in the textbook is wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "if normalized frequency is taken as 37, then there are 675 guided modes.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 12 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.5, page 2-26" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "NA=0.2 #Numericla aperture\n", - "d=50*10**-6 #Diameter of core\n", - "lamda=1*10**-6 #Wavelength\n", - "a=d/2 #computing radius\n", - "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", - "Mg=round(Mg) \n", - "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,Mg) \n", - "#answer in the book is wrong" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Normalized Frequency is 31.4.\n", - "Total number of guided modes are 246.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 13 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.6, page 2-27" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "delta=0.015 #relative refractive index\n", - "n1=1.48 #core refractive index\n", - "lamda=0.85*10**-6 #wavelength\n", - "a=(2.4*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)) #computing radius of core\n", - "d=2*a #computing diameter of core\n", - "a=a*10**7 \n", - "a=round(a,2) \n", - "a=a/10\n", - "d=d*10**6 \n", - "print \"Core radius is %.1f micrometer.\\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer.\" %(a,2*a) \n", - "print \"When delta is reduced by 10 percent-\"\n", - "delta=0.0015 \n", - "a=(2.4*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)) #computing radius of core\n", - "d=2*a #computing diameter of core\n", - "a=a*10**7 \n", - "a=round(a) \n", - "a=a/10\n", - "d=d*10**6 \n", - "print \"Core radius is %.1f micrometer.\\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer.\" %(a,2*a) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Core radius is 1.3 micrometer.\n", - "Core diameter is 2.5 micrometer.\n", - "When delta is reduced by 10 percent-\n", - "Core radius is 4.0 micrometer.\n", - "Core diameter is 8.0 micrometer.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 14 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.7, page 2-28" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "NA=0.25 #Numericla aperture\n", - "d=45*10**-6 #Diameter of core\n", - "lamda=1.5*10**-6 #Wavelength\n", - "a=d/2 #computing radius\n", - "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", - "Mg=round(Mg,2) \n", - "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.2f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,ceil(Mg) )\n", - "#answer in the book for normalized frequency is 23.55, deviation 0.05" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Normalized Frequency is 23.55.\n", - "Total number of guided modes are 139.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 15 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.8, page 2-28" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "NA=0.25 #Numericla aperture\n", - "d=45*10**-6 #Diameter of core\n", - "lamda=1.2*10**-6 #Wavelength\n", - "a=d/2 #computing radius\n", - "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", - "Mg=round(Mg,2) \n", - "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,Mg) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Normalized Frequency is 29.4.\n", - "Total number of guided modes are 216.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 16 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.8.9, page 2-28" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "n1=1.54 #refractive index of core\n", - "n2=1.5 #refractive index of cladding\n", - "a=25*10**-6 #Radius of core in um\n", - "lamda=1.3*10**-6 #Wavelength in m\n", - "NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) \n", - "v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "Mg=v**2/4 #computing mode volume for parabollic profile\n", - "lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405 #computing cut off wavelength\n", - "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10**6 \n", - "print \"Normalized Frequency is %0.f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\\nCut off wavelength is %.1f micrometer.\" %(v,Mg,lamda_cut_off) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Normalized Frequency is 42.\n", - "Total number of guided modes are 443.\n", - "Cut off wavelength is 22.8 micrometer.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 19 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.9.1 page 2-30" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L_BL=8*10**-2 #beat length\n", - "Br=2*3.14/L_BL #computing modal briefringence\n", - "print \"Modal briefringence is %.1f per meter.\" %Br" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Modal briefringence is 78.5 per meter.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 21 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.9.2, page 2-33" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from numpy import log10\n", - "Pin=500*10**-6 #input power\n", - "L=200 #length of fiber\n", - "loss=2 #loss associated with fiber\n", - "Pin_dbm=10*log10(Pin/(10**-3)) #computing input power in dBm\n", - "Pin_dbm=round(Pin_dbm) \n", - "Pout_dbm=Pin_dbm-L*loss #computing output power level\n", - "Pout= 10**(Pout_dbm/10) \n", - "print \"Output power is %.2e mW.\" %Pout" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Output power is 5.01e-41 mW.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 23 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.12.1, page 2-37" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "a=4.5*10**-6 #core diameter\n", - "delta=0.25/100 #relative index difference\n", - "lamda=0.85*10**-6 #operating wavelength\n", - "n1=1.46 #core refractive index\n", - "v= 2*pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405 #computing cut off wavelength\n", - "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10**9 \n", - "print \"Cut off wavelength is %.d nanometer.\" %(lamda_cut_off)\n", - "print \"When delta is 1.25 percent-\" \n", - "delta=1.25/100 \n", - "v= 2*pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405 #computing cut off wavelength\n", - "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10**7 \n", - "lamda_cut_off=round(lamda_cut_off) \n", - "lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*100 \n", - "print \"Cut off wavelength is %.d nanometer.\" %(lamda_cut_off) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Cut off wavelength is 1213 nanometer.\n", - "When delta is 1.25 percent-\n", - "Cut off wavelength is 2700 nanometer.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 25 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.12.2, page 2-38" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "a=50*10**-6 #core radius\n", - "lamda=1500*10**-9 #operating wavelength\n", - "n1=2.53 #core refractive index\n", - "n2=1.5 #cladding refractive index\n", - "delta=(n1-n2)/n1 #computing delta\n", - "v= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "M=(v)**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", - "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d\" %(v,M) \n", - "\n", - "#Calculation error in book. Answer in the book is wrong" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Normalized Frequency is 477.9\n", - "Total number of guided modes are 114191\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 26 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.12.3, page 2-38" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "core_diameter=8*10**-6 #core diameter\n", - "delta=0.92/100 #relative index difference\n", - "lamda=1550*10**-9 #operating wavelength\n", - "n1=1.45 #core refractive index\n", - "a=core_diameter/2 #computing core radius\n", - "v= 2*pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda #computing normalized frequency\n", - "M=(v)**2/2 #computing guided modes\n", - "print \"Normalized Frequency is %.1f.\\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\" %(v,M) " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Normalized Frequency is 3.2.\n", - "Total number of guided modes are 5.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 27 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.12.4, page 2-39 " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "delta=1/100 #relative index difference\n", - "n1=1.5 #core refractive index\n", - "c=3*10**8 \n", - "L=6 \n", - "n2=sqrt(n1**2-2*delta*n1**2) #computing refractive index of cladding\n", - "delta_T=L*n1**2*delta/(c*n2) #computing pulse broadning\n", - "delta_T=delta_T*10**11 \n", - "delta_T=round(delta_T) \n", - "print \"Delay difference between slowest and fastest mode is %d ns/km.\" %delta_T \n", - "print \"This means that a pulse broadnes by %d ns after travel time a distance of %d km.\" %(delta_T,L)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Delay difference between slowest and fastest mode is 30 ns/km.\n", - "This means that a pulse broadnes by 30 ns after travel time a distance of 6 km.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 30 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 2.17.1, page 2-60" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "n1=1.48 #core refractive index\n", - "n2=1.46 #cladding refractive index\n", - "phi = arcsin(n2/n1)*180/pi #computing critical angle\n", - "NA = sqrt(n1**2 - n2**2) #computing numericla aperture\n", - "theta= arcsin(NA)*180/pi #computing acceptance angle\n", - "print \"Critical angle is %.2f degrees.\\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degree.\" %(phi,NA,theta) \n", - "#answers in the book are wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Critical angle is 80.57 degrees.\n", - "Numerical aperture is 0.242.\n", - "Acceptance angle is 14.03 degree.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 33 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Question 4, page 2-61 " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L_BL=8*10**-2 #beat length\n", - "Br=2*3.14/L_BL #computing modal briefringence\n", - "print \"Modal briefringence is %.1f per meter.\" %Br " - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Modal briefringence is 78.5 per meter.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 35 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Question 5, page 2-62 " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "L_BL=0.6*10**-3 #beat length\n", - "lamda=1.4*10**-6 #wavelength\n", - "L_BL1=70 \n", - "Bh=lamda/L_BL #computing high briefringence\n", - "Bl=lamda/L_BL1 #computing low briefringence\n", - "print \"High briefringence is %.2e.\\nLow briefringence is %.1e.\"%(Bh,Bl)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "High briefringence is 2.33e-03.\n", - "Low briefringence is 2.0e-08.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 38 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
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