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-{
- "cells": [
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "# Chapter 6 MICROWAVE RESONATORS"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example:6.1 page.no:309"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Qair = 2379.5\n",
-      "Qteflon = 1217.7\n",
-      "conclusion: Qair is almost twice that of Qteflon\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "#program to compare the Q of an air filled and teflon filled coaxial line resonator .\n",
-    "from math import pi,sqrt,log\n",
-    "\n",
-    "sigma=5.813*10**7;muo=4*pi*10**-7;f=5*10**9;eta=377;a =1*10**-3;b=4*10**-3;\n",
-    "omega=2*pi*f;ko=104.7;B=104.7;alpha=0.022;\n",
-    "Rs=sqrt((omega*muo)/(2*sigma));\n",
-    "alphaca=(Rs/(2*eta*log(b/a)))*((1/a)+(1/b)); # attenuation due to conductor loss for air filled line .\n",
-    "eipsilar=2.08;tandelta=0.0004; # for teflon filled line .\n",
-    "alphact=((Rs*sqrt(2.08)*0.01)/(2*eta*log(b/a)))*((1/ a)+(1/b)); # attenuation due to conductor loss for teflon filled line .\n",
-    "alphada=0; # for air filled line .\n",
-    "alphadt=ko*(sqrt(eipsilar)/2)*tandelta;\n",
-    "Qair=B/(2*alpha);\n",
-    "B=B*sqrt(eipsilar);\n",
-    "alpha =0.062;\n",
-    "Qteflon=B/(2*alpha);\n",
-    "print \"Qair = %.1f\"%Qair\n",
-    "print \"Qteflon = %.1f\"%Qteflon\n",
-    "print \"conclusion: Qair is almost twice that of Qteflon\""
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example:6.2 page.no:312"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 2,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "length of the line in meter = 0.0219\n",
-      "Q of the resonator = 525.9\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "# program to compute the length of the line for resonance at 5 GHZ and the Q of the resonator .\n",
-    "from math import sqrt,pi\n",
-    "\n",
-    "W=0.0049;c=3*10**8;f=5*10**9;Zo=50;eipsilar=2.2;ko =104.7;tandelta =0.001;\n",
-    "Rs=0.0184; # taken from example 7.1.\n",
-    "eipsilae=1.87; # effective permittivity .\n",
-    "l=c/(2*f*sqrt(eipsilae)); # resonator length .\n",
-    "B=(2*pi*f*sqrt(eipsilae))/c;\n",
-    "alphac=Rs/(Zo*W);\n",
-    "alphad=(ko*eipsilar*(eipsilae -1)*tandelta)/(2*sqrt(eipsilae)*(eipsilar -1));\n",
-    "alpha=alphac+alphad;\n",
-    "Q=B/(2*alpha);\n",
-    "print \"length of the line in meter = %.4f\"%l\n",
-    "print \"Q of the resonator = %.1f\"%Q"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example:6.3 page.no:317"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 3,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "d in meter = 0.0465\n",
-      "Q1 = 1437\n",
-      "Q2 = 1518\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "# program to find required length ,d and Q for l=1 and l=2 resonator mode.\n",
-    "from math import sqrt,pi\n",
-    "\n",
-    "a=0.04755;b=0.02215;eipsilar=2.25;tandelta=0.0004;f =5*10**9;c=3*10**8;\n",
-    "k=(2*pi*f*sqrt(eipsilar))/c # wave number .\n",
-    "for l in range(1,2):\n",
-    "    d=(l*pi)/sqrt((k**2)-((pi/b)**2)); # m=1 & n=0 mode .\n",
-    "    print \"d in meter = %.4f\"%d\n",
-    "eta=377/sqrt(eipsilar);\n",
-    "Qc1=3380.;# l=1.\n",
-    "Qc2=3864.;# l=2.\n",
-    "Qd=2500.; # Q due to dielectric loss only .\n",
-    "Q1=((1./Qc1)+(1./Qd))**-1; # for l =1.\n",
-    "Q2=((1./Qc2)+(1./Qd))**-1; # for l =2.\n",
-    "print \"Q1 = %.0f\"%Q1\n",
-    "print \"Q2 = %.0f\"%Q2"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example:6.4 page.no:323"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "a in meter = 0.0395\n",
-      "Qc = 42364.227\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "# program to find dimension and Q;\n",
-    "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
-    "\n",
-    "f=5.*10**9;c=3.*10**8;p01=3.832;sigma=5.813*10**7;muo=4.*pi*10** -7;\n",
-    "eipsilar =2.25;\n",
-    "# mode TE011 . and d=2a .\n",
-    "omega=2*pi*f;\n",
-    "eta =377.;\n",
-    "lamda=c/f;\n",
-    "k=(2.*pi)/lamda;\n",
-    "# f=(c/(2⇤pi))⇤sqrt((p01/a)ˆ2+(%pi/(2⇤a))ˆ2); as d=2a given\n",
-    "a=sqrt((p01)**2+(pi/2)**2)/k;\n",
-    "Rs=sqrt((omega*muo)/(2.*sigma))\n",
-    "Qc=(k*a*eta)/(2.*Rs); # for m=l =1,n=0 and d=2a .\n",
-    "print \"a in meter = %.4f\"%a\n",
-    "print \"Qc = %.3f\"%Qc"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example:6.5 page.no:309"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "f1 in GHZ= 2.853\n",
-      "f2 in GHZ= 27.804\n",
-      "approx. value of Q due to dielectric loss = 1000\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "# program to find the resonant frequency and Q for TE01delta mode .\n",
-    "from math import sqrt,pi,tan\n",
-    "\n",
-    "delta=0.001;eipsilar=95.;a=0.413;L=0.008255;c=3.*10**8;\n",
-    "#tan((B⇤L)/2)=alpha/beta.\n",
-    "ko=2.405\n",
-    "alpha=(sqrt((2.405/a)**2-(ko)**2));\n",
-    "B=sqrt((eipsilar*(ko)**2) -(2.405/a)**2); # beta\n",
-    "f1=((c*2.405)/(2*pi*sqrt(eipsilar)*a))*10**-7;\n",
-    "f2=((c*2.405)/(2*pi*a))*10**-7;\n",
-    "print \"f1 in GHZ= %.3f\"%f1\n",
-    "print \"f2 in GHZ= %.3f\"%f2\n",
-    "Q=1/tan(delta);\n",
-    "print \"approx. value of Q due to dielectric loss = %.0f\"%Q"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": true
-   },
-   "source": [
-    "## Example:6.6 page.no:336"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "coupling capacitor in pF =  433773.991\n",
-      "frequency in GHZ=  3.66602230334e-07\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "# program to find the value of the coupling capacitor required for critical coupling .\n",
-    "from math import pi,sqrt,atan\n",
-    "\n",
-    "l=0.02175;Zo=50;eipsilae=1.9;c=3*10^8;\n",
-    "fo=c/(2*l*sqrt(eipsilae)); # first resonant frequency will occur when the resonator ia about l=lamdag/2 in length .\n",
-    "lamdag=c/fo;\n",
-    "alpha=1/8.7; # in Np/m.\n",
-    "Q=pi/(2*l*alpha);\n",
-    "bc=sqrt(pi/(2*Q));\n",
-    "C=bc/(2*pi*fo*Zo)*10**12;\n",
-    "print \"coupling capacitor in pF = \",C\n",
-    "C=bc/(2*pi*fo*Zo);\n",
-    "w1=atan(2*pi*fo*C*Zo)*c/(l*sqrt(eipsilae)); # from equation tan (B⇤l) =bc ;\n",
-    "w1=w1*10**-8;\n",
-    "print \"frequency in GHZ= \",w1"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example:6.7 page.no:342"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "on taking sin (2⇤pi )=0 ,w becomes=  A**2*a*c*d*t/4\n",
-      "fractional change in resonant frequency=  2*(-A**2*a*b*d*eo/2 + A**2*a*c*d*t/4)/(A**2*a*b*d*eo)\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "# program to derive an expression for the change in resonant frequency .\n",
-    "from sympy import symbols,sin,cos,integrate,limit\n",
-    "from math import pi\n",
-    "\n",
-    "Ey,Hx,Hz,A,Zte,n,a,p,i,x,z,d,j,k,t,y,er,eo,c,wo,w,b=symbols('Ey,Hx,Hz,A,Zte,n,a,p,i,x,z,d,j,k,t,y,er,eo,c,wo,w,b')\n",
-    "Ey=A*sin((pi*x)/a)*sin((pi*z)/d);\n",
-    "Hx=((-j*A)/Zte)*sin((pi*x)/a)*cos((pi*z)/d);\n",
-    "Hz=((j*pi*A)/(k*n*a))*cos((pi*x)/a)*sin((pi*z)/d); \n",
-    "Ey=Ey**2; #c=(er1)⇤eo;\n",
-    "w=c*integrate(integrate(integrate(Ey,(z,0,d)),(y,0,t)),(x,0,a));\n",
-    "# as sin (2⇤ pi )=0; then last term of above result will be:\n",
-    "w=(c*A**2*a*t*d)/4;\n",
-    "print \"on taking sin (2⇤pi )=0 ,w becomes= \",w\n",
-    "wo=((a*b*d*eo)/2)*A**2;\n",
-    "deltaw=(w-wo)/wo;\n",
-    "print \"fractional change in resonant frequency= \",deltaw"
-   ]
-  }
- ],
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-   "display_name": "Python 2",
-   "language": "python",
-   "name": "python2"
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-   "codemirror_mode": {
-    "name": "ipython",
-    "version": 2
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