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-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:f43deb1cbcb6a316216c1fc44f3f241bda49709364f3041975049a823ac19904"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 9:Solid State Microwave devices"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.1, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
- "Vd = 10**7*10**-2 #dfrift velocit(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "f = Vd/(2*L)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Frequncy of IMPATT diode is\",round((f/1E+9),2),\"GHz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Frequncy of IMPATT diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.2, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "f = 10*10**9 #operating frequency(Hz)\n",
- "L = 75*10**-6 #device length(m)\n",
- "V = 25. #voltage pulse amplified(V)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "Eth = V/(L)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The threshold electric field is\",round((Eth/1E+5),2),\"KV/cm\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The threshold electric field is 3.33 KV/cm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 20
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.3, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "fs = 2*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
- "fp = 12*10**9 #pump frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Ri = 16 #output resistance of signal generator(Ohms)\n",
- "Rs = 1*10**3 #resistance of signal generator(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a \n",
- "P = 10*math.log10((fp-fs)/fs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Pc = 10*math.log10((fp+fs)/fs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Power gain =\",round(P,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Power gain as USB converter =\",round(Pc,2),\"dB\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\n",
- "\n",
- "Power gain = 6.99 dB\n",
- "Power gain as USB converter = 8.45 dB\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 10
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.4, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Es = 12.5 #relative dielectric constant\n",
- "N = 3.2*10**22 #donor concentration(/m**3)\n",
- "L = 8*10**-6 #length(m)\n",
- "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielectric constant\n",
- "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "Vc = (q*N*L**2)/(2*Eo*Es)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Vbd = 2*Vc\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Critical voltage =\",round((Vc/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
- "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round((Vbd/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
- "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 V/cm\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Critical voltage = 1.48 kV\n",
- "Breakdown voltage = 2.96 kV\n",
- "Breakdown electric field = 3.7 *10**8 V/cm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 15
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.5, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Na = 2.5*10**16 #doping concentration(/cm**3)\n",
- "J = 33*10**3 #current density(A/cm**2)\n",
- "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "Vz = J/(q*Na)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The avalanche zone velocity is\",round((Vz/1E+6),2),\"*10**6 cm/s\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The avalanche zone velocity is 8.25 *10**6 cm/s\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.6, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Rd = -25 #negative resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "Rl = 50 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "G = ((Rd-Rl)/(Rd+Rl))**2\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Power gain =\",G"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Power gain = 9\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 20
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.7, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "L = 5.*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
- "V = 3.3*10**3 #voltagradient(V/cm)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Vmin = V*L\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The minimum voltage required is\",round(Vmin,4),\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The minimum voltage required is 0.0165 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 37
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.8, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vd = 2*10**7 #drift velocity(cm/s)\n",
- "L = 20*10**-6 #active lengh(m)\n",
- "Ec = 3.3*10**3 #crtical field(GaAs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "f = Vd/L\n",
- "V = L*Ec\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Rational frequency =\",round((f/1E+9),2),\"GHz\"\n",
- "print \"Critical voltage =\",round(V,3),\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\n",
- "\n",
- "Rational frequency = 1000.0 GHz\n",
- "Critical voltage = 0.066 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 40
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.9, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Cj = 0.5*10**-12 #capacitance of IMPATT diode(F)\n",
- "Lp = 0.5*10**-9 #Inductance of IMPATT diode(H)\n",
- "Vbd = 100 #breakdown voltage(V)\n",
- "Ib = 100*10**-3 #dc bias current(A)\n",
- "Ip = 0.8 #peak current(A)\n",
- "Rl = 2 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "f = 1/(2*pi*sqrt(Lp*Cj))\n",
- "Pl = ((Ip**2)*Rl)/2\n",
- "Pdc = Vbd*Ib\n",
- "N = (Pl/Pdc)*100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The resonant frequency is\",round((f/1E+9),1),\"GHz\"\n",
- "print \"Efficiency is\",round(N,2),\"%\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The resonant frequency is 10.1 GHz\n",
- "Efficiency is 6.4 %\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.10, Page number 413"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vd = 10**5 #carrier dirft velocity(cm/s)\n",
- "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "tou = L/Vd\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "f = 1/(2*tou)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Drift time of the carrier is\",round((tou/1E-11),2),\"*10**-11 sec\"\n",
- "print \"Operating frequency of diode is\",(f/1E+9),\"GHz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Drift time of the carrier is 2.0 *10**-11 sec\n",
- "Operating frequency of diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.11, Page number 413"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Er = 11.8 #relative dielectric constant\n",
- "N = 3*10**21 #donor concentration(m^-3)\n",
- "L = 6.2*10**-6 #Si length(m)\n",
- "q = 1.6*10**-19 #charge of an electron(C)\n",
- "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielctric constant\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "Vbd = (q*N*L**2)/(Eo*Er)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round(Vbd,1),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+7),2),\"*10**7 V/m\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Breakdown voltage = 176.6 V\n",
- "Breakdown electric field = 2.85 *10**7 V/m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 7
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.12, Page number 413"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "rQ = 8. #figure of merit\n",
- "fo_fs = 8. #ratio of o/p to i/p frequency\n",
- "Td = 300. #diode temperatur(K)\n",
- "To = 300. #ambient temperature(K)\n",
- "r = 0.2\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "X = rQ**2/fo_fs\n",
- "G = (X/((1+math.sqrt(1+X))**2))*fo_fs\n",
- "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
- "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "BW = 2*r*math.sqrt(fo_fs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Maximum power gain =\",round(g,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,2)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Maximum power gain = 6.02 dB\n",
- "Noise figure = 1.08 dB\n",
- "Bandwidth = 1.13\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 41
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.13, Page number 414"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "fs = 2*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
- "fp = 12*10**9 #amplifier frquency(Hz)\n",
- "fi = 10*10**9 #input frequency(Hz)\n",
- "fd = 5*10**9 #diode frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Ri = 1*10**3 #input resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "Rg = 1*10**3 #gate resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "RTs = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "RTi = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "r = 0.35 #resistane(Ohms)\n",
- "rQ = 10. #figure of merit\n",
- "rd = 300 #diode temperature(K)\n",
- "C = 0.01*10**-12 #capacitance(F)\n",
- "Td = 300\n",
- "To = 300\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "ws = 2*pi*fs\n",
- "wi = 2*pi*fi\n",
- "R = (r**2)/(ws*wi*C**2*RTi)\n",
- "a = R/RTs\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "G = (4*fi*Rg*Ri*a)/(fs*RTs*RTi*(1-a)**2)\n",
- "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
- "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "BW = (r/2)*math.sqrt(fd/(fs*G))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Equivalent noise resistance =\",round(a,2),\"Ohms\"\n",
- "print \"Gain =\",round(g,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,3),\"(Calculation error in the textbook)\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Equivalent noise resistance = 1.55 Ohms\n",
- "Gain = 20.09 dB\n",
- "Noise figure = 0.86 dB\n",
- "Bandwidth = 0.027 (Calculation error in the textbook)\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 10:31:37 +0000