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diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50e40e46 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1109 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter- 1 : Differential And Cascode Amplifiers\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.1 - Page No 12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n", + "V_EE= V_CC \n", + "V_BE= 0.715 # in volt\n", + "R_c1= 2.7 # in k ohm\n", + "R_c1= R_c1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_c2= R_c1 # in ohm\n", + "R_E=3.9 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Bita_ac= 100 \n", + "Bita_dc= Bita_ac \n", + "I_E= (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n", + "I_C= I_E # in amp\n", + "V_C= V_CC-I_C*R_c1 # in volt\n", + "V_E= 0-V_BE # in volt\n", + "V_CE= V_C-V_E # in volt\n", + "re_desh= 25*10**-3/I_E \n", + "A_d= R_c1/re_desh \n", + "print \"Operating current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", + "print \"Operating voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_CE\n", + "print \"Voltage gain = %0.1f\" %A_d" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Operating current = 1.19 mA\n", + "Operating voltage = 7.5 V\n", + "Voltage gain = 128.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.2 - Page No 12\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n", + "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n", + "V_BE=0.7# in volt\n", + "I_C=0.5 # in mA\n", + "I_C=I_C*10**-3 # in amp\n", + "R_C= 10 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= 9.3 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "I_E= (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n", + "I_CQ= I_E # in amp\n", + "print \"Quiescent collector current = %0.1f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n", + "V_CEQ= V_CC+V_BE-I_C*R_C # in volt\n", + "print \"Quiescent collector emitter voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_CEQ" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Quiescent collector current = 0.5 mA\n", + "Quiescent collector emitter voltage = 5.7 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.3 - Page No 13\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "V_CC= 12 # in volt\n", + "V_EE= 12 # in volt\n", + "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n", + "R_C= 10 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= 10 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_B= 20 # in k ohm\n", + "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Bita_dc= 75 \n", + "# Part (i)\n", + "#Ignoring V_BE\n", + "I_T= V_EE/R_E#in amp \n", + "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n", + "I_C=I_E \n", + "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n", + "print \"Part : a\"\n", + "print \"Output Voltage = %0.f volt (Ignoring V_BE)\" %V_out\n", + "#Considering V_BE\n", + "I_T= (V_EE-V_BE)/R_E#in amp \n", + "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n", + "I_C=I_E \n", + "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n", + "print \"Output Voltage = %0.2f volt (Condidering V_BE)\" %V_out\n", + "I_T= (V_EE-V_BE)/(R_E+R_B/(2*Bita_dc)) # in amp\n", + "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n", + "I_C=I_E \n", + "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n", + "print \"Output Voltage = %0.3f volt (With Bita_dc)\" %V_out\n", + "\n", + "# Part(ii)\n", + "I_C= 0.6 # in mA\n", + "I_C=I_C*10**-3 \n", + "I_B= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n", + "print \"\\nPart : b\"\n", + "print \"Base current = %0.f micro amphere\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", + "V_B= -I_B*R_B # in volt\n", + "print \"Base Voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_B\n", + "\n", + "# Part (iii)\n", + "Bita_dc= 60 \n", + "I_B1= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n", + "print \"\\nPart : c\"\n", + "print \"Base current for transistor Q1 = %0.f micro amphere\" %(I_B1*10**6)\n", + "V_B1= -I_B1*R_B # in volt\n", + "print \"Base Voltage for transistor Q1 = %0.1f V\" %V_B1\n", + "Bita_dc= 80 \n", + "I_B2= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n", + "print \"Base current for transistor Q2 = %0.1f micro amphere\" %(I_B2*10**6)\n", + "V_B2= -I_B2*R_B # in volt\n", + "print \"Base Voltage for transistor Q2 = %0.2f V\" %V_B2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part : a\n", + "Output Voltage = 6 volt (Ignoring V_BE)\n", + "Output Voltage = 6.35 volt (Condidering V_BE)\n", + "Output Voltage = 6.424 volt (With Bita_dc)\n", + "\n", + "Part : b\n", + "Base current = 8 micro amphere\n", + "Base Voltage = -0.16 V\n", + "\n", + "Part : c\n", + "Base current for transistor Q1 = 10 micro amphere\n", + "Base Voltage for transistor Q1 = -0.2 V\n", + "Base current for transistor Q2 = 7.5 micro amphere\n", + "Base Voltage for transistor Q2 = -0.15 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.4 - Page No 14\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n", + "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n", + "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n", + "R_C= 2.2 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= 4.7 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Ri_1= 50 # in ohm\n", + "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n", + "Bita_dc= 100 \n", + "Bita_ac = Bita_dc \n", + "# Part (a)\n", + "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+Ri_1/Bita_dc) # in amp\n", + "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n", + "print \"Part : a\"\n", + "print \"Value of I_CQ = %0.4f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n", + "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n", + "print \"Value of V_CEQ = %0.4f volt\" %V_CEQ\n", + "\n", + "# Part(b)\n", + "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n", + "# A_d= V_out/V_ind = R_C/re_desh\n", + "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n", + "print \"\\nPart : b\"\n", + "print \"Voltage gain = %0.2f \" %A_d\n", + "\n", + "# Part(c)\n", + "# R_in1= R_in2= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh\n", + "R_in1= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh # in ohm\n", + "print \"\\nPart : c\"\n", + "print \"Input resistance = %0.3f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)\n", + "\n", + "# Part(d)\n", + "# R_out1= R_out2= R_C\n", + "R_out1= R_C # in ohm\n", + "print \"\\nPart : d\"\n", + "print \"Output resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_out1*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part : a\n", + "Value of I_CQ = 0.9893 mA\n", + "Value of V_CEQ = 8.5235 volt\n", + "\n", + "Part : b\n", + "Voltage gain = 83.71 \n", + "\n", + "Part : c\n", + "Input resistance = 5.256 k ohm\n", + "\n", + "Part : d\n", + "Output resistance = 2.2 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.5 - Page No 14\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_CC= 15 # in volt\n", + "V_EE= 15 # in volt\n", + "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n", + "R_C= 1 # in M ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**6 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= R_C # in ohm\n", + "\n", + "Bita_ac= 100 \n", + "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n", + "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n", + "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n", + "print \"Voltage gain = %0.f \" %A_d\n", + "Z_in= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh # in ohm\n", + "print \"Input impedence = %0.4f M ohm\" %(Z_in*10**-6)\n", + "Z_out= R_C # in ohm\n", + "print \"Output impedence = %0.f M ohm\" %(Z_out*10**-6)\n", + "A_cm= R_C/(2*R_E+re_desh) \n", + "CMRR= A_d/A_cm \n", + "print \"Common-mode rejection ratio = %0.f\" %CMRR\n", + "I_C=I_E \n", + "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C # in volt\n", + "print \"Total output voltage at the quiescent value = %0.2f volt\" %V_out\n", + "# when v_in = 1\n", + "v_in= 1 # in mV\n", + "v_in= v_in*10**-3 # in volt\n", + "v_out= A_d*v_in \n", + "print \"The ac output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %v_out\n", + "\n", + "# Note : Answer of CMRR in the book is wrong due to wrong calculation of A_cm" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage gain = 275 \n", + "Input impedence = 0.7273 M ohm\n", + "Output impedence = 1 M ohm\n", + "Common-mode rejection ratio = 551\n", + "Total output voltage at the quiescent value = 7.85 volt\n", + "The ac output voltage = 0.275 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.6 - Page No 17\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_EE= 5 # in volt\n", + "R_C= 2 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= 4.3 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "V_BE=0.7 # in volt (Assuming)\n", + "V_T= 26*10**-3 # in volt\n", + "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n", + "re_desh= V_T/I_E # in ohm\n", + "A_d = R_C/(2*re_desh) \n", + "print \"Voltage gain = %0.2f \" %A_d" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage gain = 19.23 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.7 - Page No 17\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_EE= 5 # in volt\n", + "R_C= 2 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= 4.3 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "V_BE=0.7 # in volt (Assuming)\n", + "V_T= 26*10**-3 # in volt\n", + "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n", + "re_desh= V_T/I_E # in ohm\n", + "A_d = R_C/(2*re_desh) \n", + "A_cm= R_C/(2*R_E+re_desh) \n", + "print \"Common mode gain= %0.4f\" %A_cm \n", + "CMRR= A_d/A_cm \n", + "print \"Common mode rejection ratio = %0.1f\" %CMRR" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Common mode gain= 0.2312\n", + "Common mode rejection ratio = 83.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.8 - Page No 20\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_CC= 9 # in volt\n", + "V_EE= 9 # in volt\n", + "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt (Assuming value)\n", + "R_C= 47 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= 43 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Ri_1= 20 # in ohm\n", + "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n", + "v_in1= 2.5 # in mv\n", + "v_in1=v_in1*10**-3 # in volt\n", + "Bita_1= 75 \n", + "Bita_2= Bita_1 \n", + "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+Ri_1/Bita_1) # in amp\n", + "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n", + "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n", + "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n", + "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n", + "v_out= A_d*v_in1 # in volt\n", + "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %v_out" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output voltage = 0.436 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.9 - Page No 20\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "RC= 2.2;#in k\u03a9\n", + "RE= 4.7;# in k\u03a9\n", + "Ri1= 50*10**-3;# in k\u03a9\n", + "Ri2= 50*10**-3;# in k\u03a9\n", + "VCC= 10;#in V\n", + "VEE= 10;# in V\n", + "VBE= 0.7;# in V\n", + "beta_dc= 100;\n", + "beta_ac= 100;\n", + "\n", + "# Part (i)\n", + "# Formula Used : ICQ= IE= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri/beta_dc)\n", + "ICQ= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri1/beta_dc);#quiescent collector current in mA\n", + "IE= ICQ;# in mA\n", + "print \"Part (i) : Dual-input, unbalanced output\"\n", + "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.4f mA\" %ICQ\n", + "# Quiescent collector-emitter voltage,\n", + "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC;# in V\n", + "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.4f V\" %VCEQ\n", + "re_desh= 26/IE;# AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rin1= 2*beta_ac*re_desh;# input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rin1= Rin1*10**-3;#in k\u03a9\n", + "Rin2= Rin1;# in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of Rin1 = %0.3f k\u03a9 \" %Rin1\n", + "print \"The value of Rin2 = %0.3f k\u03a9 \" %Rin1\n", + "Rout= RC;# in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of Rout = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout \n", + "print \"The value of RC = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %RC\n", + "# Formula Used : Ad= Vout/Vind= RC/re_desh\n", + "Ad= RC*10**3/(re_desh*2);# voltage gain of dual input, unbalanced output\n", + "print \"The value of Ad = %0.3f \" %Ad\n", + "\n", + "# Part (ii)\n", + "print \"\\nPart (ii) : Single-output, balanced output\"\n", + "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.4f mA\" %ICQ\n", + "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.4f V\" %VCEQ\n", + "print \"The value of Rin = %0.3f k\u03a9\" %Rin1\n", + "print \"The value of Rout1 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout\n", + "print \"The value of Rout2 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout\n", + "# Formula Used : Ad= Vout/Vind= RC/re_desh\n", + "Ad= RC*10**3/(re_desh);# voltage gain of dual input, unbalanced output\n", + "print \"The value of Ad = %0.2f\" %Ad\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : Dual-input, unbalanced output\n", + "The value of ICQ = 0.9893 mA\n", + "The value of VCEQ = 8.5235 V\n", + "The value of Rin1 = 5.256 k\u03a9 \n", + "The value of Rin2 = 5.256 k\u03a9 \n", + "The value of Rout = 2.2 k\u03a9\n", + "The value of RC = 2.2 k\u03a9\n", + "The value of Ad = 41.855 \n", + "\n", + "Part (ii) : Single-output, balanced output\n", + "The value of ICQ = 0.9893 mA\n", + "The value of VCEQ = 8.5235 V\n", + "The value of Rin = 5.256 k\u03a9\n", + "The value of Rout1 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n", + "The value of Rout2 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n", + "The value of Ad = 83.71\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.10 - Page No 23\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "VEE= 9;#in V\n", + "VCC= 9;#in V \n", + "RC= 47*10**3;# collector resistance in \u03a9\n", + "RE= 43*10**3;# emitter resistance in \u03a9\n", + "vin1= 2.5*10**-3;# in V\n", + "Ri1= 20*10**3;# in \u03a9\n", + "Ri2= Ri1;# in \u03a9\n", + "VBE= 0.7;# in V\n", + "VT= 26*10**-3;# in V\n", + "beta1= 75;\n", + "beta2= 75;\n", + "IE= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri1/beta1);#emitter current in A\n", + "ICQ= IE;# quiescent current in A\n", + "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC;# quiescent collector voltage in V\n", + "re_desh= VT/IE;#AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Ad= RC/(2*re_desh);# voltage gain\n", + "vout= Ad*vin1;# output voltage in V\n", + "print \"The output voltage = %0.3f V\" %vout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output voltage = 0.217 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.11 - Page No 25\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R_E_desh= 200 # in ohm\n", + "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n", + "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n", + "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n", + "R_C= 2.2 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_E= 4.7 # in k ohm\n", + "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Ri_1= 50 # in ohm\n", + "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n", + "Bita_dc= 100 \n", + "Bita_ac = Bita_dc \n", + "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+ R_E_desh+Ri_1/Bita_dc) # in amp\n", + "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n", + "print \"Value of I_CQ = %0.4f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n", + "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n", + "print \"Value of V_CEQ = %0.3f volt\" %V_CEQ\n", + "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n", + "A_d = R_C/(re_desh+R_E_desh) \n", + "print \"Voltage gain= %0.2f\" %A_d\n", + "R_in1= 2*Bita_ac*(re_desh+R_E_desh) # in ohm\n", + "print \"Input resistance = %0.3f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)\n", + "R_out1= R_C # in ohm\n", + "print \"Output resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_out1*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of I_CQ = 0.9687 mA\n", + "Value of V_CEQ = 8.569 volt\n", + "Voltage gain= 9.70\n", + "Input resistance = 45.368 k ohm\n", + "Output resistance = 2.2 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.12 - Page No 29\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "VEE= 15 #in V\n", + "VD1= 0.7 # in V\n", + "VD2= 0.7 # in V\n", + "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n", + "Beta= 100 \n", + "VT= 26 # in mV\n", + "R3= 180 #in \u03a9\n", + "RC= 470 # in \u03a9\n", + "VB3= -VEE+VD1+VD2 #in V\n", + "VE3= VB3-VBE #voltage at emitter terminal of transistor Q3 in V\n", + "IE3= (VE3-(-VEE))/R3 #emitter current through transistor Q3 in A\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i) \n", + "ICQ= IE3/2 #quiescent current in A\n", + "ICQ= round(ICQ*10**3) #in mA\n", + "IE= ICQ #emitter current in mA\n", + "print \"Part (i) : Quiescent current = %0.f mA \" %ICQ\n", + "VCEQ= VEE+VBE-ICQ*10**-3*RC #quiescent collector-emitter voltage in V\n", + "print \"The quiescent collector-emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %VCEQ\n", + "re_desh= VT/IE #AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n", + "\n", + "# Part (ii)\n", + "Ad= RC/re_desh # differential voltage gain\n", + "print \"Part (ii) : Differential voltage gain = %0.2f \" %Ad\n", + "\n", + "# Part (iii)\n", + "Rin1= 2*Beta*re_desh # in \u03a9\n", + "Rin1= Rin1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"Part (iii) : The input resistance = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rin1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : Quiescent current = 2 mA \n", + "The quiescent collector-emitter voltage = 14.76 V\n", + "Part (ii) : Differential voltage gain = 36.15 \n", + "Part (iii) : The input resistance = 2.6 k\u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.13 - Page No 30\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "VEE= 10 #in V\n", + "VCC=10 # in V\n", + "VD1= 0.715 # in V\n", + "Vz= 6.2# in V\n", + "VBE= VD1 # in V\n", + "Izt= 41 # in mA\n", + "R3= 2.7 # in k\u03a9\n", + "RC= 4.7 # in k\u03a9\n", + "VT= 26 # in mV\n", + "beta_ac= 100 \n", + "beta_dc= 100 \n", + "VB3= -VEE+Vz+VD1 #voltage at the base of transistor Q3 in V\n", + "VE3= VB3-VBE # voltage at the emitter of transistor Q3 in V\n", + "IE3= (VE3-(-VEE))/R3 #emitter current through transistor Q3 in mA\n", + "ICQ= IE3/2 #quiescent current in mA\n", + "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC # in V\n", + "print \"Part (c) : The Q-point values : \" \n", + "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.3f mA\" %ICQ\n", + "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.2f V\" %VCEQ\n", + "re_desh= VT/ICQ #dynamic emitter resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Ad= RC*10**3/re_desh # voltage gain\n", + "print \"Part (a) : The voltage gain = %0.1f\" %Ad\n", + "Rin= 2*beta_ac*re_desh # differential input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rin=Rin*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"Part (b) : The differential input resistance = %0.2f k\u03a9\" %Rin" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (c) : The Q-point values : \n", + "The value of ICQ = 1.148 mA\n", + "The value of VCEQ = 5.32 V\n", + "Part (a) : The voltage gain = 207.5\n", + "Part (b) : The differential input resistance = 4.53 k\u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.14 - Page No 34\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_CC=12 # in volt\n", + "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n", + "R1= 25 # in k ohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "# I=I_REF= (V_CC-V_BE)/R1\n", + "I= (V_CC-V_BE)/R1 # in amp\n", + "print \"Mirrored current = %0.3f mA\" %(I*10**3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mirrored current = 0.452 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.15 - Page No 34\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "VCC= 10 # in V\n", + "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n", + "R1= 15 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Beta= 100 \n", + "I_REF= (VCC-VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n", + "print \"The reference current = %0.2f mA\" %I_REF\n", + "Iout= I_REF*Beta/(Beta+2) # output current in mA\n", + "print \"The output current = %0.3f mA\" %Iout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The reference current = 0.62 mA\n", + "The output current = 0.608 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.16 - Page No 34\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "VCC= 15 # in V\n", + "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n", + "R1= 2.2 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Beta= 220 \n", + "I_REF= (VCC-VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n", + "# Formula : I= IC= I_REF*(Beta/(Beta+2))\n", + "IC= I_REF*Beta/(Beta+2) # in mA\n", + "print \"The value of current = %0.2f mA\" %IC" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of current = 6.44 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 28 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.17 - Page No 35\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vz= 1.8 # in V\n", + "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n", + "RE= 1 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Beta= 180 \n", + "VB= Vz-VBE # in V\n", + "IE= VB/RE #emitter current in mA\n", + "# Formula : I= IC= IE*(Beta/(Beta+1))\n", + "IC= IE*Beta/(Beta+1) # in mA\n", + "print \"The value of current = %0.3f mA\" %IC" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of current = 1.094 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.18 - Page No 35\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "VCC= 9 # in V\n", + "R1= 12 # in k\u03a9\n", + "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n", + "Beta= 100 \n", + "I_REF= (VCC-2*VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n", + "print \"The reference current = %0.4f mA\" %I_REF\n", + "Iout= I_REF/(1+2/(Beta*(1+Beta))) #output current in mA\n", + "print \"The output current = %0.4f mA\" %Iout\n", + "IC2= Iout #collector current in mA\n", + "print \"The collector current = %0.4f mA\" %IC2\n", + "# IB3= I_REF-IC1= I_REF-IC2 (since IC1= IC2)\n", + "IB3= I_REF-IC2 #base current of transistor Q3 in mA\n", + "IB3= IB3*10**3 # in \u00b5A\n", + "print \"The base current of transistor Q3 = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %IB3\n", + "IB3= 0.1 # in \u00b5A\n", + "IE3= (1+Beta)*IB3 # emitter current of transistor Q3 in \u00b5A\n", + "print \"The emitter current of transistor Q3 = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %IE3\n", + "IB1= IE3/2 #base current in \u00b5A\n", + "IB2= IB1 # in \u00b5A\n", + "print \"The base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %IB1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The reference current = 0.6333 mA\n", + "The output current = 0.6332 mA\n", + "The collector current = 0.6332 mA\n", + "The base current of transistor Q3 = 0.1 \u00b5A\n", + "The emitter current of transistor Q3 = 10.1 \u00b5A\n", + "The base current = 5.05 \u00b5A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.19 - Page No 36\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_BE=0.715 # in volt\n", + "V_CC=9 # in volt\n", + "Bita_dc=100 \n", + "Bita_ac= Bita_dc \n", + "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n", + "R=5.6 # in k ohm\n", + "R= R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "I_REF= (V_EE-V_BE)/R # in amp\n", + "# From 2*I_B + I_C1 -I_REF =0\n", + "I_C1= I_REF*Bita_dc/(2+Bita_dc) # in amp\n", + "# By symmetry\n", + "I_C2= I_C1 \n", + "I_C3= I_C2 \n", + "I=3*I_C1 # current through R_C in amp\n", + "print \"Current through R_C = %0.2f mA\" %(I*10**3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current through R_C = 4.88 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.20 - Page No 36\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n", + "V_CC=5 # in volt\n", + "V_EE=-5 # in volt\n", + "Bita=100 \n", + "R=18.6 # in k ohm\n", + "R= R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "I2= (V_CC-V_BE-V_EE)/R # in amp\n", + "I_C3=I2 \n", + "I_E= I_C3/2 # in amp\n", + "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n", + "re1_desh=re_desh \n", + "re2_desh=re1_desh \n", + "R_in1= 2*Bita*re_desh # in ohm\n", + "R_in2= R_in1\n", + "print \"Differential input resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Differential input resistance = 20.8 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21 - Page No 44\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n", + "V_CC=18 # in volt\n", + "R_E=1.1 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C=1.8 # in k ohm\n", + "R_C=R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R1=4.7 # in k ohm\n", + "R2=5.6 # in k ohm\n", + "R3=6.8 # in k ohm\n", + "I_E1= (V_CC*R1/(R1+R2+R3)-V_BE)/R_E # in mA\n", + "re_desh= 26/I_E1 # in ohm\n", + "re2_desh=re_desh\n", + "Av= -R_C/re2_desh \n", + "print \"Voltage gain of the cascode amplifier = %0.1f\" %Av\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage gain of the cascode amplifier = -267.3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fe244fef --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,432 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter- 2 : Introduction To Operational Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.2 - Page No 70" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vin1= 5 # in \u00b5V\n", + "Vin1= Vin1*10**-6 # in V\n", + "Vin2= -7 #in \u00b5V\n", + "Vin2= Vin2*10**-6 # in V\n", + "Av= 2*10**5 # unit less\n", + "Rin= 2 # in M\u03a9\n", + "Vout= (Vin1-Vin2)*Av # in V\n", + "print \"The output voltage = %0.1f volts\" %Vout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output voltage = 2.4 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.4 - Page No 71" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "Rs= 2 # in k\u03a9\n", + "RL= 5 # in k\u03a9\n", + "A= 10**5 # unit less\n", + "Rin= 100 #in k\u03a9\n", + "Rout= 50 # in \u03a9\n", + "Vout= 10 # in V\n", + "# For Vout = 10 V, V1= V2 = Vout\n", + "V1= Vout # in V\n", + "V2= V1 # in V\n", + "# From equation V1= Vs*Rin/(Rin+Rs)\n", + "Vs= V1*(Rin+Rs)/Rin # in V\n", + "Vout_by_Vs= Vout/Vs # value of Vout/Vs\n", + "print \"The value of Vs =%0.1f volts\" %Vs\n", + "print \"The value of Vout/Vs = %0.2f\" %Vout_by_Vs\n", + "print \"The input resistance of the circuit = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rin" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of Vs =10.2 volts\n", + "The value of Vout/Vs = 0.98\n", + "The input resistance of the circuit = 100 k\u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.6 - Page No 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "# Given data\n", + "Ad= 100 # differential mode gain\n", + "Acm= 0.01 # common mode gain\n", + "CMRR= Ad/Acm \n", + "CMRR_desh= 20*math.log(CMRR,10) # CMRR in dB\n", + "print \"CMRR = %0.f dB\" %CMRR_desh" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "CMRR = 80 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.7 - Page No 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Ad= 10**5 # differential mode gain\n", + "CMRR= 10**5 \n", + "# Common-mode gain,\n", + "Acm= Ad/CMRR \n", + "print \"The common-mode gain = %0.f\" %Acm" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The common-mode gain = 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.8 - Page No 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V1= 10 # in mV\n", + "V2= 9 # in mV\n", + "Ad= 60 # differential voltage gain in dB\n", + "Ad= 10**(Ad/20) \n", + "CMRR= 80 # in dB\n", + "CMRR= 10**(CMRR/20) \n", + "Vd= V1-V2 # difference signal in mV\n", + "Vcm= (V1+V2)/2 # common-mode signal in mV\n", + "# Output voltage,\n", + "Vout= Ad*Vd*(1+1/CMRR*Vcm/Vd) # in mV\n", + "AdVd= Ad*Vd # in mV\n", + "# Error voltage\n", + "Verror= Vout-AdVd # in mV\n", + "Per_error= Verror/Vout*100 # percentage error\n", + "print \"The error voltage = %0.2f mV\" %Verror\n", + "print \"The percentage error in the output voltage = %0.3f \" %Per_error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The error voltage = 0.95 mV\n", + "The percentage error in the output voltage = 0.095 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.9 - Page No 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V1= 745 # in \u00b5V\n", + "V2= 740 # in \u00b5V\n", + "Ad= 5*10**5 # differential voltage gain\n", + "CMRR= 80 # in dB\n", + "CMRR= 10**(CMRR/20) \n", + "Vd= V1-V2 # difference signal in \u00b5V\n", + "Vcm= (V1+V2)/2 # common-mode signal in \u00b5V\n", + "# Output voltage,\n", + "Vout= Ad*Vd*(1+1/CMRR*Vcm/Vd) # in \u00b5V\n", + "AdVd= Ad*Vd # in \u00b5V\n", + "# Error voltage\n", + "Verror= Vout-AdVd # in \u00b5V\n", + "Vout= Vout*10**-6 # in V\n", + "Verror= Verror*10**-6 # in V\n", + "Per_error= Verror/Vout*100 # percentage error\n", + "print \"The output voltage = %0.6f V\" %Vout\n", + "print \"The percentage error in the output voltage= %0.4f\" %Per_error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output voltage = 2.537125 V\n", + "The percentage error in the output voltage= 1.4633\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.10 - Page No 76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vd= 25 #differential input voltage in \u00b5V\n", + "Vd= Vd*10**-6 # in V\n", + "A= 200000 # open loop gain\n", + "# Output voltage,\n", + "Vout= A*Vd # in V\n", + "print \"The output voltage = \u00b1 %0.f \" %Vout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output voltage = \u00b1 5 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.11 - Page 83" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "dVout= 20 # change in output voltage in V\n", + "dt= 4 # change in time in \u00b5s\n", + "SR= dVout/dt # slew rate in V/\u00b5s\n", + "print \"The slew rate = %0.f V/\u00b5s\" %SR" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The slew rate = 5 V/\u00b5s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.12 - Page No 83" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "IB1= 10 # in \u00b5A\n", + "IB2= 7.5 # in \u00b5A\n", + "# Input bias current,\n", + "I_in_bias= (IB1+IB2)/2 # in \u00b5A\n", + "# Input offset current,\n", + "I_in_offset= IB1-IB2 # in \u00b5A\n", + "print \"The input bias current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %I_in_bias\n", + "print \"The input offset current = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %I_in_offset" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The input bias current = 8.75 \u00b5A\n", + "The input offset current = 2.5 \u00b5A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.13 - Page No 83" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "# Given data\n", + "SR= 6 # slew rate in V/\u00b5s\n", + "SR= 6*10**6 # in V/s\n", + "\n", + "# Part (i) For Vmax= 1V\n", + "Vmax= 1 # in V\n", + "fmax= SR/(2*pi*Vmax) # limiting frequency in Hz\n", + "fmax= fmax*10**-6 # in MHz\n", + "print \"Part (i) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 1V = %0.3f MHz\" %fmax\n", + "\n", + "# Part (ii) For Vmax= 10V\n", + "Vmax= 10 # in V\n", + "fmax= SR/(2*pi*Vmax) # limiting frequency in Hz\n", + "fmax= fmax*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "print \"Part (ii) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 10V = %0.1f kHz\"%fmax" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 1V = 0.955 MHz\n", + "Part (ii) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 10V = 95.5 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 2.14 - Page No 84" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vpp= 3 # output voltage in V\n", + "del_t= 4 # in \u00b5s\n", + "del_V= 90*Vpp/100-10*Vpp/100 # in V\n", + "# Required slew rate,\n", + "SR= del_V/del_t # in V/\u00b5s\n", + "print \"The required slew rate = %0.1f V/\u00b5s\" %SR" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The required slew rate = 0.6 V/\u00b5s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..06ace2b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,786 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter-3 : Negative Feedback In Op-Amps" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.1 - Page No 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Af= 10 # voltage gain\n", + "R1= 3 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= (Af-1)*R1 # From Af= 1+Rf/R1\n", + "print \"The value of R1 = %d \u03a9\" %R1\n", + "print \"The value of Rf = %d \u03a9\" %Rf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R1 = 3 \u03a9\n", + "The value of Rf = 27 \u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.2 - Page No 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 2 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Rf_min= 0 \n", + "Rf_max= 100 # in k\u03a9\n", + "# Formula Used : Af= 1+Rf/R1\n", + "Af_max= 1+Rf_max/R1 # maximum closed loop voltage gain\n", + "Af_min= 1+Rf_min/R1 # minimum closed loop voltage gain\n", + "print \"The maximum closed loop voltage gain = %d\" %Af_max\n", + "print \"The minimum closed loop voltage gain = %d\" %Af_min" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The maximum closed loop voltage gain = 51\n", + "The minimum closed loop voltage gain = 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.3 - Page No 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 100 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= 100*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n", + "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n", + "f0= 5 # in Hz\n", + "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n", + "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n", + "Af= 1+Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n", + "Rin_f= Rin*(1+AB) # input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n", + "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n", + "Rin_f= Rin_f*10**-6 # in M\u03a9\n", + "print \"The voltage gain is = %d\" %Af\n", + "print \"The input resistance = %0.1f M\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n", + "print \"The output resistance = %0.4f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n", + "print \"The bandwidth = %0.f Hz\" %f_f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain is = 1001\n", + "The input resistance = 401.6 M\u03a9\n", + "The output resistance = 0.3735 \u03a9\n", + "The bandwidth = 1004 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.4 - Page No 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#given data\n", + "R1=1 # in k ohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_f=10 # in k ohm\n", + "R_f=R_f*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "A=200000 \n", + "OutputVoltageSwing= 13 # in volt\n", + "SupplyVoltage=15 # in volt\n", + "Ri= 2 # in M ohm\n", + "Ri=Ri*10**6 # in ohm\n", + "Ro= 75 # in ohm\n", + "fo= 5 # in Hz\n", + "B= R1/(R1+R_f) \n", + "AB = A*B \n", + "R_outf= Ro/(1+A*B) # in ohm\n", + "R_outf= R_outf*10**3 # in m ohm\n", + "print \"Output Resistance = %0.3f m ohm\" %R_outf\n", + "V_ooT= OutputVoltageSwing/(1+A*B) # in volt\n", + "V_ooT= V_ooT*10**3 # in mV\n", + "print \"Output offset voltage = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %V_ooT\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output Resistance = 4.125 m ohm\n", + "Output offset voltage = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.5 - Page No 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n", + "f0= 5 # in Hz\n", + "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n", + "B=1 # for voltage follower\n", + "Rf= 0 \n", + "Af= 1 # voltage gain (since Rf=0)\n", + "Rin_f= A*Rin # input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rin_f= Rin_f*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n", + "Rout_f= Rout/A #output resistance in \u03a9\n", + "f_f= f0*A # bandwidth in Hz\n", + "f_f= f_f*10**-6 # in MHz\n", + "print \"The voltage gain = %d\" %Af \n", + "print \"The input resistance = %0.f G\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n", + "print \"The output resistance = %0.6f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n", + "print \"The bandwidth = %0.f MHz\" %f_f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain = 1\n", + "The input resistance = 400 G\u03a9\n", + "The output resistance = 0.000375 \u03a9\n", + "The bandwidth = 1 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.6 - Page No 109" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n", + "f0= 5 # in Hz\n", + "R1= 330 #in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= 3.3*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n", + "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n", + "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n", + "Af= -Rf/R1 # colsed-loop voltage gain\n", + "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n", + "Rout_f=Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n", + "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # closed-loop bandwidth in Hz\n", + "f_f= f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af \n", + "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n", + "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n", + "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The closed-loop voltage gain = -10\n", + "The input resistance = 330 \u03a9\n", + "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n", + "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.7 - Page No 109" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n", + "f0= 5 # in Hz\n", + "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n", + "B= 1/2 # feedback fraction (since R1=Rf)\n", + "Af= -1 # voltage gain\n", + "R1= 330 #in \u03a9 (assume)\n", + "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n", + "Rout_f= Rout/(A/2) # output resistance in \u03a9\n", + "f_f= A/2*f0 # in Hz\n", + "f_f= f_f*10**-6 # in MHz\n", + "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af\n", + "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n", + "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n", + "print \"The bandwidth = %0.1f MHz\" %f_f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The closed-loop voltage gain = -1\n", + "The input resistance = 330 \u03a9\n", + "The output resistance = 0.00075 \u03a9\n", + "The bandwidth = 0.5 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.8 - Page No 109" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n", + "f0= 5 # in Hz\n", + "A= 200000 #unit less\n", + "VCC= 15 # in V\n", + "VEE= -15 # in V\n", + "Vout_swing= 13 # in V\n", + "# Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier\n", + "R1= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= 10*10**3 #in \u03a9\n", + "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n", + "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n", + "Af= 1+Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n", + "Rin_f= Rin*(1+AB) # input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rin_f=Rin_f*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n", + "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n", + "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n", + "f_f=f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "VooT= Vout_swing/(1+AB) #in V\n", + "VooT= VooT*10**3 # in mV\n", + "print \"Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier :- \" \n", + "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f \" %Af\n", + "print \"The input resistance = %0.4f G\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n", + "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n", + "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f\n", + "print \"The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %VooT\n", + "\n", + "# Part (ii) : Inverting Amplifier\n", + "R1= 470 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= 4.7*10**3 #in \u03a9\n", + "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n", + "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n", + "Af= -Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n", + "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n", + "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n", + "f_f=f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "VooT= Vout_swing/(1+AB) #in V\n", + "VooT= VooT*10**3 # in mV\n", + "print \"\\nPart (ii) : Inverting Amplifier :- \" \n", + "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f \" %Af\n", + "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n", + "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n", + "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f\n", + "print \"The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %VooT" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier :- \n", + "The closed-loop voltage gain = 11 \n", + "The input resistance = 36.3656 G\u03a9\n", + "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n", + "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n", + "The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n", + "\n", + "Part (ii) : Inverting Amplifier :- \n", + "The closed-loop voltage gain = -10 \n", + "The input resistance = 470 \u03a9\n", + "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n", + "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n", + "The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.9 - Page No 110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rf= 500*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "R1= 5*10**3 #in \u03a9\n", + "Vin= 0.1 # input voltage in V\n", + "Af= -Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n", + "Rin= R1 # input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rin= Rin*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Rout= 0 # in \u03a9\n", + "Vout= Af*Vin # output voltage in V\n", + "I_in= Vin/R1 # input current in A\n", + "I_in= I_in*10**3 # in mA\n", + "print \"The amplifier circuit voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af\n", + "print \"The amplifier circuit input resistance = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rin\n", + "print \"The amplifier circuit output resistance %0.f \u03a9\" %Rout\n", + "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %Vout\n", + "print \"The input current = %0.2f mA\" %I_in" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The amplifier circuit voltage gain = -100\n", + "The amplifier circuit input resistance = 5 k\u03a9\n", + "The amplifier circuit output resistance 0 \u03a9\n", + "The output voltage = -10 V\n", + "The input current = 0.02 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.10 - Page No 110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rf= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rin= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Vout_by_Vin= -Rf/Rin # (since Vout= -Rf/Rin*Vin)\n", + "Av= Vout_by_Vin # voltage gain\n", + "print \"The voltage gain = %0.f\" %Av\n", + "# I_in= Iout (As it is a unity gain inverter)\n", + "Ain= 1 #input impedance (since I_in= Iout)\n", + "print \"The input impedance = %0.f\" %Ain\n", + "Ap= abs(Av*Ain) # power gain\n", + "print \"The power gain = %0.f\" %Ap" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain = -1\n", + "The input impedance = 1\n", + "The power gain = 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.11 - Page No 111" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Av= -30 # voltage gain\n", + "Rf= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "#Since, Av= Vo/Vi=-Rf/R1, so\n", + "R1= -Rf/Av # in \u03a9\n", + "R1= R1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Rf= Rf*10**-6 # in M\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f M\u03a9\" %Rf\n", + "print \"The value of R1 = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of Rf = 1 M\u03a9\n", + "The value of R1 = 33 k\u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.12 - Page No 111" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Av= -8 # voltage gain\n", + "Vi= 1 # input voltage in V\n", + "I1= 15 #maximum current in \u00b5A\n", + "I1= I1*10**-6 # in A\n", + "R1= Vi/I1 # in \u03a9\n", + "R1= R1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of R1 = %0.2f k\u03a9 (Standard value 68 k\u03a9)\" %R1\n", + "R1= 68 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Rf= -Av*R1 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R1 = 66.67 k\u03a9 (Standard value 68 k\u03a9)\n", + "The value of Rf = 544 k\u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.15 - Page No 114" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "Rf= 20*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "R1= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i) When switch S is off,\n", + "Aoff_non_inv= 1+Rf/R1 # non-inverting amplifier circuit gain\n", + "Aoff_inv= -Rf/R1 # inverting amplifier gain\n", + "Aoff= Aoff_non_inv+Aoff_inv # amplifier circuit gain\n", + "print \"Part (i) : When switch S is off, the gain of the amplifier circuit = %0.f\" %Aoff\n", + "\n", + "# Part (ii) When switch S is on,\n", + "Aon= -Rf/R1 # amplifier circuit gain\n", + "print \"Part (ii) : When switch S is on, the gain of the amplifer circuit = %0.f\" %Aon" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : When switch S is off, the gain of the amplifier circuit = 1\n", + "Part (ii) : When switch S is on, the gain of the amplifer circuit = -2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.18 - Page No 116" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "R2= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "R3= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "Vd= 5 # in mV\n", + "Vcm= 2 # in mV\n", + "CMRR_dB= 90 # in dB\n", + "CMRR= 10**(CMRR_dB/20) \n", + "Ad= Rf/R1 # differential voltage gain\n", + "# Part (i)\n", + "Vout= Ad*Vd # output voltage in mV\n", + "print \"Part (i) : The output voltage = %0.f mV\" %Vout\n", + "# Part (ii)\n", + "Acm= Ad/CMRR # common mode gain\n", + "AcmVcm= Acm*Vcm # magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output in mV\n", + "AcmVcm= AcmVcm*10**3 # in \u00b5V\n", + "print \"The magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output = %0.3f \u00b5V\" %AcmVcm" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : The output voltage = 50 mV\n", + "The magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output = 0.632 \u00b5V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.19 - Page No 117" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 540 # in \u03a9\n", + "R3= 540 # in \u03a9\n", + "R2= 5.4*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= 5.4*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "Vin1= -2.5 # in V\n", + "Vin2= -3.5 #in V\n", + "Rin= 2*10**6 #input impedance in \u03a9\n", + "A= 2*10**5 # open loop voltage gain\n", + "Ad= (1+Rf/R1) # voltage gain\n", + "print \"The voltage gain = %0.f\" %Ad\n", + "Vout=Ad*(Vin1-Vin2) # output voltage in V\n", + "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %Vout\n", + "Rin_f1= Rin*(1+A*R1/(R1+Rf)) # in \u03a9\n", + "Rin_f2= Rin*(1+A*R2/(R1+Rf)) # in \u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of Rin_f1 = %0.3e \u03a9\" %Rin_f1\n", + "print \"The value of Rin_f2 = %0.3e \u03a9\" %Rin_f2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain = 11\n", + "The output voltage = 11 V\n", + "The value of Rin_f1 = 3.637e+10 \u03a9\n", + "The value of Rin_f2 = 3.636e+11 \u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.20 - Page No 120" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vin= 100*10**-3 # in V\n", + "Vout= 4.25 # in V\n", + "R1= 100 # in \u03a9\n", + "# Formula Used : Vout= (1+2*Rf/Rf)*Vin\n", + "Rf= (Vout/Vin-1)*R1/2 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rf= Rf*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of R1 = %0.f \u03a9\" %R1\n", + "print \"The value of Rf = %0.1f k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\" %Rf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R1 = 100 \u03a9\n", + "The value of Rf = 2.1 k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 3.21- Page No 121" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 3.3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "R2= 3.3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "R3= 1.2 # in k\u03a9\n", + "R4= 1.2 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Rf= 3.9 # in k\u03a9\n", + "R5= 3.9 # in k\u03a9\n", + "Rp= 2.5 # in k\u03a9\n", + "A= 2*10**5 # unit less\n", + "f0= 5 # in Hz\n", + "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", + "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n", + "Ad= -(1+2*R1/Rp)*Rf/R3 # voltage gain\n", + "print \"The voltage gain = %0.2f\" %Ad\n", + "Rinf= Rin*(1+A*(R1+Rp)/(2*R1+Rp)) #input resistance in \u03a9\n", + "Rinf= Rinf*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n", + "print \"The input resistance = %0.3f G\u03a9\" %Rinf\n", + "Routf= Rout/abs(1+A/Ad) # output resistance in \u03a9\n", + "print \"The output resistance = %0.6f \u03a9\" %Routf\n", + "f_f= A*f0/abs(Ad) # bandwidth in Hz\n", + "f_f= f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain = -11.83\n", + "The input resistance = 254.947 G\u03a9\n", + "The output resistance = 0.004437 \u03a9\n", + "The bandwidth = 84.53 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..75a2b6a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter-4 : Frequency Response Of An Op-Amp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 4.1 - Page No 134" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vin= 0.5 # in V\n", + "Av= 10 \n", + "I_B_max= 1.5 # in micro amp\n", + "I_B_max=I_B_max*10**-6 # in A\n", + "# Let\n", + "I1=100*I_B_max # in A\n", + "R1= Vin/I1 # in ohm\n", + "Rf= Av*R1 # in ohm\n", + "# R2= R1 || Rf = R1 (approx.)\n", + "R2= R1 # in ohm\n", + "print \"Value of I1 = %0.f micro amp\" %(I1*10**6)\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.1f kohm\" %(R1*10**-3)\n", + "print \"Value of R2 = %0.1f kohm\" %(R2*10**-3)\n", + "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f kohm\" %(Rf*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of I1 = 150 micro amp\n", + "Value of R1 = 3.3 kohm\n", + "Value of R2 = 3.3 kohm\n", + "Value of Rf = 33 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 4.2 - Page No 134" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import log10\n", + "# Given data\n", + "Vin= 50 # in mV\n", + "Vin = Vin*10**-3 # in V\n", + "I_B_max= 200 # in nA\n", + "I_B_max=I_B_max*10**-9 # in A\n", + "I1=100*I_B_max # in A(assumed)\n", + "Av=100 \n", + "R1= Vin/I1 # in \u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of R1 = %0.1f k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\" %(R1*10**-3)\n", + "R1= 2.2 # kohm (standard value)\n", + "Rf= Av*R1 # in kohm\n", + "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rf\n", + "# R2 = R1 || Rf = R1 (approx)\n", + "R2= R1 # in kohm\n", + "print \"The value of R2 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %R2\n", + "Av= 20*log10(Av) # in dB\n", + "C1= 100 # in pF\n", + "R1= 1.5 # in k\u03a9\n", + "C2= 3 # in pF\n", + "print \"Voltage gain = %0.f dB\" %Av\n", + "print \"Value of C1 = %0.f pF\" %C1\n", + "print \"Value of C2 = %0.f pF\" %C2\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %R1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R1 = 2.5 k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\n", + "The value of Rf = 220 k\u03a9\n", + "The value of R2 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n", + "Voltage gain = 40 dB\n", + "Value of C1 = 100 pF\n", + "Value of C2 = 3 pF\n", + "Value of R1 = 1.5 k\u03a9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 4.3 - Page No 136\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "A_VD= 200 # in V/mV\n", + "A_VD=A_VD*10**3 # in V/V\n", + "B1=1 # in MHz\n", + "B1=B1*10**6 # in Hz\n", + "f1=B1 \n", + "f0= f1/A_VD # in Hz\n", + "print \"Cut-off frequency = %0.f Hz\" %f0" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cut-off frequency = 5 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 4.4 - Page No 143\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "# Given data\n", + "Vin= 15 # in volt\n", + "SR= 0.8 # in V/micro sec\n", + "SR=SR*10**6 # in V/sec\n", + "omega= SR/Vin \n", + "f= omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Full power bandwidth = %0.1f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Full power bandwidth = 8.5 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 4.5 - Page No 143\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "SR= 2 # in V/micro sec\n", + "del_v_in= 0.5 # in volt\n", + "del_t=10 #in micro sec\n", + "del_v_inBYdel_t= del_v_in/del_t # in V/micro sec\n", + "# v_out= A_CL*v_in\n", + "A_CL= SR/del_v_inBYdel_t \n", + "print \"Closed-loop gain = %0.f \" %A_CL" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Closed-loop gain = 40 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6aae196e --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter-5 : General Applications Of Op-Amps" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.1 - Page 156" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "import math\n", + "# Given data\n", + "fo= 15 # in kHz\n", + "fo= fo*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "C=0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "L= 1/(4*pi**2*fo**2*C) # in H\n", + "L=math.ceil(L*10**3) # in mH\n", + "# Let L be of 12 mH and internal resistance 30 ohm\n", + "R=30 # internal resistance in ohm\n", + "XL= 2*pi*L*10**-3*fo \n", + "Q= XL/R \n", + "R_P= Q**2*R # in ohm\n", + "# If\n", + "R1=100 # in ohm\n", + "# Formula L= R_f*R_P/(R1*(R_f+R_P)) \n", + "R_f= R1*L*R_P/(R_P-R1*L) # in ohm\n", + "R_f=R_f*10**3 # in kohm\n", + "R_f= 1.2 # in k ohm (Standard value)\n", + "print \"The values of component chosen are:-\" \n", + "print \"Value of L = %0.f mH\" %L\n", + "print \"Value of C = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n", + "print \"Value of R_f = %0.1f k ohm\" %R_f\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f ohm\" %R1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The values of component chosen are:-\n", + "Value of L = 12 mH\n", + "Value of C = 0.01 micro F\n", + "Value of R_f = 1.2 k ohm\n", + "Value of R1 = 100 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.2 - Page 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "Rf= 12 # in k ohm\n", + "Rs1= 12 # in k ohm\n", + "Rs2= 2 # in k ohm\n", + "Rs3= 3 # in k ohm\n", + "Vi1= 9 # in volt\n", + "Vi2= -3 # in volt\n", + "Vi3= -1 # in volt\n", + "Vout= -Rf*(Vi1/Rs1+Vi2/Rs2+Vi3/Rs3) # in volt\n", + "print \"Output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output voltage = 13 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.3 - Page NO 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given expression Vout= -2*V1+3*V2+4*V3\n", + "# For an operational amplifier\n", + "# Vout= -Rf*[V1/R1+V2/R2+V3/R3]\n", + "# Compare the above expression with the given expression for the output\n", + "r_1=2 # value of Rf/R1\n", + "r_2=3 # value of Rf/R2\n", + "r_3=4 # value of Rf/R3\n", + "# Resistance R3 will be minimum value of 10 k ohm\n", + "R3=10 # in k ohm\n", + "Rf= r_3*R3 # in k ohm\n", + "R2= Rf/r_2 # in k ohm\n", + "R1= Rf/r_1 # in k ohm\n", + "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf\n", + "print \"Value of R2 = %0.2f k ohm\" %R2\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Rf = 40 k ohm\n", + "Value of R2 = 13.33 k ohm\n", + "Value of R1 = 20 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 5.4 - Page No 159\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V1= 2 # in volt\n", + "V2= -1 # in volt\n", + "# Let R1= (R||R)/(R+(R||R))= (R/2)/(R+R/2) = 1/3\n", + "R1=1/3 \n", + "Vs1= V1*R1 # in volt\n", + "# Let R2= (1+Rf/R)= (1+2*R/R)= 3\n", + "R2= 3 \n", + "Vo_desh= Vs1*R2 # in volt\n", + "Vs2= V2*R1 # in volt\n", + "Vo_doubleDesh= Vs2*R2 # in volt\n", + "V_out= Vo_desh+Vo_doubleDesh # in volt\n", + "print \"Output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output voltage = 1 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 5.5 - Page No 160\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given expression Vout= 10*(V2-V1)\n", + "# For a differential amplifier circuit\n", + "# Vout= Rf/R*(V2-V1)\n", + "# Compare the above expression with the given expression for the output, we have\n", + "RfbyR= 10 \n", + "R=10 # minimum value of resistancce to be used in kohm\n", + "Rf= RfbyR * R # in k ohm\n", + "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Rf = 100 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 5.7 - Page No 164\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 50 # in kohm\n", + "# Let us choose\n", + "R3= 15 # in k ohm\n", + "R4= R3 \n", + "# Ad= 1+2*R2/R1 (i)\n", + "# Ad= ((1+2*R2/R1)*(V2-V1))/(V2-V1)= 1+2*R2/R1\n", + "# For minimum differential voltage gain\n", + "Ad_min=5 \n", + "Ad= Ad_min \n", + "R1_max= R1 # since Ad will be minimum only when R1 will be maximum\n", + "# Putting values of Ad and R1 in eq(i)\n", + "R2= (Ad-1)*R1/2 # in k ohm\n", + "# For maximum differential voltage gain\n", + "Ad_max=200 \n", + "Ad= Ad_min \n", + "# Putting values of Ad and R2 in eq(i)\n", + "R1= 2*R2/(Ad_max-1) # in k ohm\n", + "R1=int(R1)\n", + "# For maximum value of Ad, R1 will have minimum value , therefore\n", + "R1_min= 1 # in kohm\n", + "print \"Value of R1_min = %0.f k ohm\" %R1_min\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f-50 k ohm potentiometer\" %R1\n", + "print \"Value of R2 = %0.f k ohm\" %R2\n", + "print \"Value of R3 = %0.f k ohm\" %R3\n", + "print \"Value of R4 = %0.f k ohm\" %R4" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R1_min = 1 k ohm\n", + "Value of R1 = 1-50 k ohm potentiometer\n", + "Value of R2 = 100 k ohm\n", + "Value of R3 = 15 k ohm\n", + "Value of R4 = 15 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 5.10 - Page No 179\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vin= 10 # in volt\n", + "R=2.2 # in k ohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "Ad=10**5 # voltage gain\n", + "T= 1 # in ms\n", + "T=T*10**-3 # in second\n", + "C=1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "I= Vin/R # in volt\n", + "V= I*T/C # in V\n", + "print \"The output voltage at the end of the pulse = %0.3f volt\" %V\n", + "RC_desh= R*C*Ad \n", + "print \"The closed-loop time constant = %0.f second \" %RC_desh" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output voltage at the end of the pulse = 4.545 volt\n", + "The closed-loop time constant = 220 second \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 5.11 - Page No 180\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C=0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "omega= 10000 # in rad/second\n", + "# Vout/V1= (Rf/R1)/(1+s*C*Rf)\n", + "# substituting s= j*omega we have\n", + "# Vout/V1 = (Rf/R1)/sqrt((omega*C*Rf)**2+1)\n", + "# At omega=0\n", + "# Vout/V1= Rf/R1\n", + "# Formula omega= 1/(C*Rf)\n", + "Rf= 1/(C*omega) # in ohm\n", + "Rf= Rf*10**-3 # in k ohm\n", + "# 20*log10(Rf/R1) = 20\n", + "R1= Rf/10 # in k ohm\n", + "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Rf = 10 k ohm\n", + "Value of R1 = 1 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 63 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 5.12 Page No 180\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Given Data : \n", + "R=40*1000 #in ohm(assumed)\n", + "C=0.2*10**-6 #IN FARAD\n", + "Vout=3 #in Volt\n", + "V1=Vout #in Volt\n", + "V2=Vout #in Volt\n", + "plot([0,50],[3,-9.5]) \n", + "plt.title('Output voltage')\n", + "plt.xlabel('Time in milliseconds')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Output voltage in volts')\n", + "plt.axis([0, 60, -12, 5])\n", + "plt.show()\n", + "print \"Assuming Ideal op-amp, sketch for Vout is shown in figure.\" \n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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J9PT0Bo/pEpNE49y+DXz4IbBnD7BsGTB3rrqim4jMkyxLhVtaWiIrK0t6fenSJVhaarwp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\nk0RwcDBu376NK1e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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f0c532cff90>" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Assuming Ideal op-amp, sketch for Vout is shown in figure.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 5.14 - Page No 185\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from sympy import symbols, simplify, sin\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "# Given data\n", + "fa= 1 # in kHz\n", + "fa=fa*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "Vp=1.5 # in volt\n", + "f= 200 # in Hz\n", + "C=0.1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R= 1/(2*np.pi*fa*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in k ohm\n", + "R=np.floor(R*10)/10 # in k ohm\n", + "fb= 20*fa # in Hz\n", + "R_desh= 1/(2*np.pi*fb*C) # in ohm\n", + "# Let\n", + "R_desh= 82 # in ohm\n", + "R_OM= R # in k ohm\n", + "print \"Value of R_OM = %0.1f k ohm\" %R_OM\n", + "CR= C*R \n", + "# Vin= Vp*sin(omega*t)= 1.5*sin(400*t)\n", + "# v_out= -CR*diff(v_in) = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)# in micro volt\n", + "print \"Output Voltage = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)\" \n", + "t = np.arange(0, .015, 1.0/44100)\n", + "v_out=-0.2827*np.sin(400*np.pi*t+np.pi/2)# in micro volt\n", + "plot(t,v_out) \n", + "plt.title('Output Voltage Waveform')\n", + "plt.xlabel('Time in ms')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Vout in Volts') \n", + "print \"Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure.\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R_OM = 1.5 k ohm\n", + "Output Voltage = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)\n", + "Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure.\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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QnZ0tSo7FKDV/YkDrD8Pdu8CFC7zBUiKtWgEFBdpeL6TU/ImBDh1o4oS5COsT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\nU4ayYwfQv79oFfaNgwPQowcfR5cDMhT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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f0c53674cd0>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4b5636a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,618 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter- 6 : Active Filters" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.1 - Page No 203" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "# Given data\n", + "f_H= 2 # in kHz\n", + "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "C=0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "# R may be taken a pot of 10 k ohm\n", + "R=10 # in k ohm\n", + "# Since the passbond gain is 2.5, so\n", + "# 1+Rf/R1= 2.5 or Rf= 1.5*R1\n", + "# Since Rf||R1\n", + "R1= R*2.5/1.5 # in k ohm\n", + "Rf= R1*1.5 # in k ohm\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 18 k ohm)\" %R1\n", + "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm (Standard value 27 k ohm)\" %Rf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R1 = 16.67 k ohm (Standard value 18 k ohm)\n", + "Value of Rf = 25 k ohm (Standard value 27 k ohm)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.2 - Page No 205\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "f_H= 2 # in kHz\n", + "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "C=0.033 # in micor F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "C_desh= C \n", + "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R=2.7 # k ohm (Standard value)\n", + "R_desh= R \n", + "# So 2*R= Rf*R1/(Rf+R1) = 0.586*R1**2/(1.586*R1)\n", + "R1= 2*R*1.586/(0.586) # in k ohm\n", + "print \"The value of R1 = %0.1f k ohm (Standard value 15 k ohm) \" %R1\n", + "R1= 15 # k ohm (Standard value)\n", + "Rf= 0.586*R1 # in k ohm\n", + "print \"The value of Rf = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 10 k ohm) \" % Rf " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R1 = 14.6 k ohm (Standard value 15 k ohm) \n", + "The value of Rf = 8.79 k ohm (Standard value 10 k ohm) \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.3 - Page No 205 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "# Given data\n", + "f_H= 1 # in kHz\n", + "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "C=0.0047 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "C_desh= C \n", + "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R=math.floor(R) \n", + "R_desh= R \n", + "R1=R # in k ohm\n", + "Rf= 0.586*R1 # in k ohm\n", + "Rf= math.ceil(Rf) # in k ohm\n", + "print \"Value of R' = R = %0.f k ohm\" %R\n", + "print \"Value of C' = C = %0.4f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1\n", + "print \"Value of Rf = %0.1f k ohm\" %Rf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R' = R = 33 k ohm\n", + "Value of C' = C = 0.0047 micro F\n", + "Value of R1 = 33 k ohm\n", + "Value of Rf = 20.0 k ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.4 - Page No 206\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f= 1 # in kHz\n", + "f= f*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "# Vout/Vin= 10\n", + "R1= 100 # in k ohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R2= 1000 # in k ohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "omega= 2*pi*f \n", + "# Vout/Vin at a 3 dB frequency of 1 kHz = 1/sqrt(2) = omega*R2*C/sqrt(1+omega**2*R1**2*C2)\n", + "C= math.sqrt(1/(omega**2*(2*R2**2-R1**2))) # in F\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %(R1*10**-3)\n", + "print \"Value of R2 = %0.f k ohm\" %(R2*10**-6)\n", + "print \"Value of C = %0.4e F\" %C" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R1 = 100 k ohm\n", + "Value of R2 = 1 k ohm\n", + "Value of C = 1.1282e-10 F\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.5 - Page No 207\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R= 2.1 # in k ohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R1= 20 # in k ohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Rf= 60 # in k ohm\n", + "Rf=Rf*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "C=0.05 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "fL= 1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Low cut-off frequency = %0.3f kHz\" %(fL*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Low cut-off frequency = 1.516 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.6 - Page No 211\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R= 10 # in k ohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_desh= R # in ohm\n", + "C=0.1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "C_desh=0.0025 # in micro F\n", + "C_desh=C_desh*10**-6 # in F\n", + "fH= 1/(2*pi*R_desh*C_desh) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Higher cut-off frequency = %0.3f kHz\"%(fH*10**-3)\n", + "fL= 1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Lower cut-off frequency = %0.2f Hz\" %fL\n", + "BW= fH-fL \n", + "print \"Bandwidth = %0.1f kHz\" %(BW*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Higher cut-off frequency = 6.366 kHz\n", + "Lower cut-off frequency = 159.15 Hz\n", + "Bandwidth = 6.2 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.7 - Page No 212\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "fc= 1 # in kHz\n", + "fc=fc*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "Q=5 \n", + "Af=8 \n", + "# Let C=C1=C2=0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C1= 0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n", + "C2=C1 # in F\n", + "C=C2 # in F\n", + "R1= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*Af) # in ohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R1=math.ceil(R1) \n", + "R2= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*(2*Q**2-Af)) # in ohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R2=math.ceil(R2) \n", + "R3= Q/(pi*fc*C) # in ohm\n", + "R3=R3*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R3=math.ceil(R3) \n", + "# The value of R2_desh required to change the centre frequency from 1 kHz to 2 kHz is\n", + "f_desh_c= 2000 # in Hz\n", + "R2_desh= R2*(fc/f_desh_c)**2 # in kohm\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f kohm\" %R1\n", + "print \"Value of R2 = %0.f kohm\" %R2\n", + "print \"Value of R3 = %0.f kohm\" %R3\n", + "print \"Value of R2_desh = %0.f ohm\" %(R2_desh*10**3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R1 = 10 kohm\n", + "Value of R2 = 2 kohm\n", + "Value of R3 = 160 kohm\n", + "Value of R2_desh = 500 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.8 - Page No 212\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C= 0.1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R1= 2 # in kohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R2= 2/3 # in kohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R3= 200 # in kohm\n", + "R3=R3*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "# R1= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*Af) (i)\n", + "# R2= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*(2*Q**2-Af)) (ii)\n", + "# R3= Q/(pi*fc*C) (iii)\n", + "# From (i) and (iii)\n", + "Af= R3/(2*R1) \n", + "# From (ii) and (iii)\n", + "Q= math.sqrt(1/2*(R3/(2*R2)+Af)) \n", + "# From (iii)\n", + "fc= Q/(R3*pi*C) # in Hz\n", + "omega_o= 2*pi*fc # in radians/second\n", + "print \"The value of gain = %0.f\" %Af \n", + "print \"Value of Q = %0.f\" %Q\n", + "print \"Centre frequency = %0.f radians/second\" %omega_o" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of gain = 50\n", + "Value of Q = 10\n", + "Centre frequency = 1000 radians/second\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.9 - Page No 213\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "# Given data\n", + "fL= 200 # in Hz\n", + "fH= 1 # in kHz\n", + "fH=fH*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "#Let the capacitor C_desh be of 0.01 micro F \n", + "C_desh= 0.01*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R_desh= 1/(2*pi*fH*C_desh) # in ohm\n", + "R_desh=R_desh*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R_desh= 18 # in kohm\n", + "# Let \n", + "C=0.05*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R= 1/(2*pi*fL*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R= 18 # in k ohm\n", + "Rf= 10 # in kohm\n", + "print \"Value of Rf' = Rf = R1' = R1 = %0.f kohm\" %Rf\n", + "print \"Value of R = R' = %0.f kohm\" %R\n", + "print \"Value of C'= %0.2f micro F\" %(C_desh*10**6)\n", + "print \"Value of C = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Rf' = Rf = R1' = R1 = 10 kohm\n", + "Value of R = R' = 18 kohm\n", + "Value of C'= 0.01 micro F\n", + "Value of C = 0.05 micro F\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.11 - Page No 214\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "fL= 200 # in Hz\n", + "fH= 1 # in kHz\n", + "fH=fH*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "fc= math.sqrt(fL*fH) # in Hz\n", + "Q= fc/(fH-fL) \n", + "print \"The value of Q for filter = %0.3f\" %Q" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of Q for filter = 0.559\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.12 - Page No 216\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f_H= 200 # in Hz\n", + "f_L= 2*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "C= 0.05*10**-6 # in F\n", + "# For low-pass filter,\n", + "R_desh= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in \u03a9\n", + "R_desh= R_desh*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of R' = %0.1f k\u03a9 (standard value 20 k\u03a9)\" %R_desh\n", + "# For high-pass filter,\n", + "R= 1/(2*pi*f_L*C) # in \u03a9\n", + "R= R*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of R = %0.2f k\u03a9 (standard value 1.8 k\u03a9)\" %R" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R' = 15.9 k\u03a9 (standard value 20 k\u03a9)\n", + "The value of R = 1.59 k\u03a9 (standard value 1.8 k\u03a9)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.13 - Page No 218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "# Given data\n", + "C= 0.068*10**-6 # in F\n", + "f_N= 50 # in Hz\n", + "R= 1/(2*pi*f_N*C) # in \u03a9\n", + "R= R*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n", + "print \"The value of R = %0.1f k\u03a9 (standard value 47 k\u03a9)\" %R" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R = 46.8 k\u03a9 (standard value 47 k\u03a9)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.14 - Page No 218 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "fN= 60 # in Hz\n", + "# Let\n", + "C= 0.06 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R= 1/(2*pi*fN*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "print \"Value of R = %0.2f kohm (Standard value 47 kohm)\" %R\n", + "print \"For R/2, two 47 kohm resistors connected in parallel may be used and for 2C component, \"\n", + "print \"two parallel connected %0.2f micro F capacitors may be used\" %(C*10**6)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R = 44.21 kohm (Standard value 47 kohm)\n", + "For R/2, two 47 kohm resistors connected in parallel may be used and for 2C component, \n", + "two parallel connected 0.06 micro F capacitors may be used\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 6.15 - Page No 219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R= 15*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", + "C= 0.01*10**-6 # in F\n", + "f= 2*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "PhaseShift= -2*(math.atan(2*pi*f*R*C))*180/pi # in \u00b0\n", + "print \"The phase shift = %0.f\u00b0\" %PhaseShift\n", + "print \"i.e. %0.f\u00b0 (lagging)\" %abs(PhaseShift)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The phase shift = -124\u00b0\n", + "i.e. 124\u00b0 (lagging)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a1dee947 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,444 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter-7 : Oscillators (Sinusoidal As Well As Non-Sinusoidal)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.1 - Page No 232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from numpy import pi\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "# Given data\n", + "f=200 # in Hz\n", + "# Let us take\n", + "C=0.1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R=1/(2*pi*f*C*sqrt(6)) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in k ohm\n", + "# R1>=10*R, Let\n", + "R1=10*R # in kohm\n", + "R_f= 29*R1 # in k ohm\n", + "R_f=R_f*10**-3 # in M ohm\n", + "R_f=math.ceil(R_f) \n", + "print \"Resistor of phase-shift oscillator = %0.f Mohm\" %R_f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistor of phase-shift oscillator = 1 Mohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.2 - Page No 232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f=1 # in kHz\n", + "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n", + "I_B_max= 500 # in nA (for 741 IC op-amp)\n", + "I_B_max= I_B_max*10**-9 # in A\n", + "I1= 100*I_B_max # in A\n", + "V_out= (V_CC-1) # in volt\n", + "V_in= V_out/29 \n", + "R1= V_in/I1 # in ohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**-3 #in k ohm\n", + "# 5.6 k ohm resistor may be used for R1, being standard value resistor\n", + "R1=5.6 # in k ohm (standard value)\n", + "A=29 \n", + "R_f= A*R1 \n", + "# 180 k ohm resistor may be used to provide A > 29\n", + "R_f=180 # in k ohm (standard value)\n", + "R_comp= R_f \n", + "R=R1 # in k ohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "C=1/(2*pi*f*R*sqrt(6)) # in F\n", + "C=C*10**6 # in micro F\n", + "print \"Value of R_comp = R_f = %0.f kohm\" %R_comp\n", + "print \"Value of R = R1 = %0.1f in kohm\" %(R*10**-3)\n", + "print \"Value of capacitor = %0.2f micro F\" %C" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R_comp = R_f = 180 kohm\n", + "Value of R = R1 = 5.6 in kohm\n", + "Value of capacitor = 0.01 micro F\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.3 - Page No 235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f=10 # in kHz\n", + "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "I_Bmax= 500 # in nA\n", + "I_Bmax= I_Bmax*10**-9 # in amphere\n", + "# Let current through resistor R1 be equal to 100 times I_Bmax, so\n", + "I_1= 100*I_Bmax # in amp\n", + "Vcc= 10 # in volt\n", + "Vout= Vcc-1 # in volt\n", + "Addition_RfR1= Vout/(500*10**-6) # value of Rf+R1 in ohm\n", + "Addition_RfR1=Addition_RfR1*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "# Rf= 2*R1, So\n", + "R1= Addition_RfR1/3 # (used 5.6 kohm Standard value resistor)\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f kohm (Standard value 5.6 k ohm)\" %R1\n", + "R1= 5.6 # in kohm (used 5.6 kohm Standard value resistor)\n", + "Rf= 2*R1 # in kohm# (used 12 kohm standard value resistor)\n", + "print \"Value of Rf = %0.1f kohm (Standard value 12 k ohm)\" %Rf\n", + "Rf= 12 # k ohm (used 12 kohm standard value resistor)\n", + "R=R1 # in kohm\n", + "C= 1/(2*pi*f*R) # in F (Used 2700pF standard value)\n", + "C=2700 # in pF \n", + "print \"Value of R = %0.1f kohm\" %R\n", + "print \"Value of C = %0.f pF\" %C" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R1 = 6 kohm (Standard value 5.6 k ohm)\n", + "Value of Rf = 11.2 kohm (Standard value 12 k ohm)\n", + "Value of R = 5.6 kohm\n", + "Value of C = 2700 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.4 - Page No 235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R= 1 # in kohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "C= 4.7 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "omega=1/(R*C) # in radians/second\n", + "f=omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = %0.2f Hz\" %f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = 33.86 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.6 - Page No 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R= 10 # in kohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "C= 100 # in pF\n", + "C=C*10**-12 # in F\n", + "f=1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = %0.2f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = 159.15 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.7 - Page No 238" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "fo= 318 # in Hz\n", + "C= 0.015 # in microF\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R=0.159/(fo*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R=int(R) \n", + "print \"Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = %0.3f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = %0.f in kohm\" %R" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = 0.015 micro F\n", + "Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = 33 in kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.8 - Page No 238" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "fo= 1.5 # in kHz\n", + "fo=fo*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "C= 0.01 # in microF\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R=0.159/(fo*C) # in ohm\n", + "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R=int(R) \n", + "print \"Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n", + "print \"Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = %0.f in kohm\" %R" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = 0.01 micro F\n", + "Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = 10 in kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.9 - Page No 245" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C= 0.1 # in microF\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R=12 # in kohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R1=120 # in kohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Rf=1 # in Mohm\n", + "Rf=Rf*10**6 # in ohm\n", + "V_sat= 10 # in volt\n", + "# Part(i)\n", + "f=Rf/(4*R1*R*C) #in Hz\n", + "print \"(i) : Signal Frequency = %0.3f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)\n", + "\n", + "# Part(ii)\n", + "Vp_p= float(2*R1*V_sat)/Rf # in Vp_p\n", + "\n", + "print \"(ii) : Amplitude of the triangular wave = %0.1f Vp_p\" %Vp_p\n", + "\n", + "# Part(iii)\n", + "Vp_p= (V_sat)-(-V_sat) \n", + "print \"(iii) : Amplitude of the square wave = %0.f Vp_p\" %Vp_p" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) : Signal Frequency = 1.736 kHz\n", + "(ii) : Amplitude of the triangular wave = 2.4 Vp_p\n", + "(iii) : Amplitude of the square wave = 20 Vp_p\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.11 - Page No 246" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C1= 0.01 # in microF\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R1=120 # in kohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R2=1.2 # in kohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R3=6.8 # in kohm\n", + "R3=R3*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "V_sat= 15 # in volt\n", + "# Part(a)\n", + "Vp_p= 2*(R2/R3)*V_sat #in volt\n", + "print \"(a) : Peak to peak amplitude of triangular wave = %0.3f volt\" %Vp_p\n", + "\n", + "# Part(b)\n", + "fo= R3/(4*R1*C1*R2) #in Hz\n", + "print \"(b) : Frequency of triangular wave = %0.2f kHz\" %(fo*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) : Peak to peak amplitude of triangular wave = 5.294 volt\n", + "(b) : Frequency of triangular wave = 1.18 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 7.12 - Page No 249" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import log\n", + "# Given data\n", + "T= 100 # in micro sec\n", + "T=T*10**-6 #in se\n", + "V_sat= 12 # in volt\n", + "V1= 0.7 # in volt\n", + "V= 0.7 # in volt\n", + "V_D1= V \n", + "V_D2=V_D1 \n", + "C1= 0.1 # in microF\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n", + "Bita1= 0.1 \n", + "# Formula T= R3*C1*log((1+V1/V_sat)/(1-Bita1))\n", + "R3= T/(C1*log((1+V1/V_sat)/(1-Bita1))) # in ohm\n", + "print \"Value of R3 = %0.3f kohm (Standard value 6.8 kohm)\" %(R3*10**-3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of R3 = 6.171 kohm (Standard value 6.8 kohm)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..00e88ef0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,654 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter-8 : Comparators And Converters" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.2 - Page No 256" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "A= 92 # in dB\n", + "A= 10**(92.0/20) \n", + "V_CC= 15 # in volt\n", + "Vout= 30 # in volt\n", + "InputOffsetVoltage= 0 # in V\n", + "InputVoltage= Vout/A # in V\n", + "print \"Input Voltage = %0.4f mV\" %(InputVoltage*10**3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input Voltage = 0.7536 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.3 - Page No " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 2 # in kohm\n", + "Rf= 390.0 # in kohm\n", + "V_sat= 12 # in V\n", + "Bita= R1/(R1+Rf) \n", + "UTP= Bita*V_sat # in volt\n", + "LTP= -Bita*V_sat # in volt\n", + "print \"Value of UTP = %0.1f mv\" %(UTP*10**3)\n", + "print \"Value of LTP = %0.1f mv\" %(LTP*10**3)\n", + "\n", + "# Note : In the book, there is an error to convert the value of UTP from volts to milli volts." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of UTP = 61.2 mv\n", + "Value of LTP = -61.2 mv\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.5 - Page No 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "# Given data\n", + "t=0 \n", + "Vc=0 \n", + "Vo=5 #in volt\n", + "# V1= 2*R/(2*R+3*R)= 2/5*Vo\n", + "# Vco= 1/5*VR +4/5*Vo = 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)\n", + "# Req= R||4*R= 4/5*R\n", + "# Vct= Vco*(1-%e**(-t/(Req*C)))= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**(-t/(4*R*C/5)))= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**(-1.25*t/(R*C)))\n", + "# T= 2*Rf*C*log(1+2*R3/R2)= 2*R*C*log(7/3)= 1.7*R*C\n", + "# t= T/2= .85*R*C, Hence\n", + "Vct=2 #in volt\n", + "# Vct= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**1.0625)\n", + "VR= Vct*5/(1-exp(-1.0625))-4*Vo \n", + "print \"Value of VR = %0.2f volt\" %VR" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of VR = -4.72 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.6 - Page No 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "from math import asin\n", + "# Given data\n", + "omega= 200*pi # in radians/seconds\n", + "f=omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n", + "T=1/f # in sec\n", + "T=T*10**3 #in ms\n", + "Vin= 7 #in volt\n", + "t1= 1/omega*asin(6.0/Vin) # in sec\n", + "t1=t1*10**3 # in ms\n", + "# The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt\n", + "t1= T/2+t1 # in ms\n", + "# The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt\n", + "t2= 10-t1 # in ms\n", + "print \"The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt = %0.2f ms\" %t1\n", + "print \"The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt = %0.2f ms\" %t2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt = 6.64 ms\n", + "The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt = 3.36 ms\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.7 - Page No 261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 150 # in ohm\n", + "R2= 68.0 # in kohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "Vin= 500 # in mv\n", + "V_sat= 14 #in volt\n", + "V_pos= R1/(R1+R2)*V_sat # in volt\n", + "V_UT= V_pos #in volt\n", + "# In the same way when output is -14 volts and starts increasing in negative direcition \n", + "V_sat=-14 #in volt\n", + "V_pos= R1*V_sat/(R1+R2) # in volt\n", + "V_LT= abs(V_pos) #in volt\n", + "print \"Value of V_UT = %0.4f volts\" %V_UT\n", + "print \"Value of V_LT = %0.4f volts\" %V_LT" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of V_UT = 0.0308 volts\n", + "Value of V_LT = 0.0308 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 45 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.8 - Page No 262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_UT= 5 # in V\n", + "V_LT= -5 # in V\n", + "V_sat= 10 # in V (Assume)\n", + "# V_UT= (R1/(R1+R2))*V_sat = 5\n", + "# V_LT= (-R1/(R1+R2))*V_sat = -5\n", + "# 10*R1/(R+R2)= 5\n", + "V_hy= V_UT-V_LT # in volt\n", + "print \"Hysteresis voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_hy" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hysteresis voltage = 10 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.9 - Page No 268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_REF= 10 # in V\n", + "V_REF= float(V_REF) # converting into float\n", + "MSB2= V_REF/2 # in volt\n", + "print \"The second MSB weight = %0.f volt\" %MSB2\n", + "MSB3= V_REF/4 # in volt\n", + "print \"The third MSB weight = %0.1f volt\"%MSB3\n", + "MSB4= V_REF/8 # in volt\n", + "print \"The forth MSB (or LSB) weight = %0.2f volt\" %MSB4\n", + "DAC= MSB4 \n", + "print \"The resolution of the DAC = %0.2f volt\" %DAC\n", + "FullScaleOutput= V_REF+MSB2+MSB3+MSB4 #in volt\n", + "print \"Full scale output = %0.2f volt\" %FullScaleOutput\n", + "print \"IF Rf is reduced to one-forth then the value of full scale output =\" ,round(FullScaleOutput/4,4),\" volt\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The second MSB weight = 5 volt\n", + "The third MSB weight = 2.5 volt\n", + "The forth MSB (or LSB) weight = 1.25 volt\n", + "The resolution of the DAC = 1.25 volt\n", + "Full scale output = 18.75 volt\n", + "IF Rf is reduced to one-forth then the value of full scale output = 4.6875 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.10 - Page No 268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "V_REF= -5 # in V\n", + "V_B= 0 # in volt\n", + "V_A= -5 # in volt\n", + "V_A= float(V_A) # converting into float\n", + "V_C=V_A \n", + "V_D=V_C \n", + "Vout= -1*(V_A+V_B/2+V_C/4+V_D/8) # in volt\n", + "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %Vout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output voltage = 6.875 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.11 - Page No 269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Dn=16 # in volt\n", + "Dn= float (Dn) #converting into float\n", + "MSB1= Dn/2 # in volt\n", + "print \"The first MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB1\n", + "MSB2= Dn/4 # in volt\n", + "print \"The second MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB2\n", + "MSB3= Dn/8 # in volt\n", + "print \"The third MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB3\n", + "MSB4= Dn/16 # in volt\n", + "print \"The forth MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB4\n", + "MSB5= Dn/32 # in volt\n", + "print \"The fifth MSB output = %0.1f volt\" %MSB5\n", + "MSB6= Dn/64 # in volt\n", + "print \"The sixth MSB (LSB) output = %0.2f volt\" %MSB6\n", + "resolution= MSB6 # in volt\n", + "print \"The resolution = %0.2f volt\" %resolution\n", + "fullScaleOutput= MSB1+MSB2+MSB3+MSB4+MSB5+MSB6 \n", + "print \"Full scale output occurs for digital input of 111111 = %0.2f volt\" %fullScaleOutput\n", + "# For digital input 101011\n", + "D0=16 \n", + "D1=16 \n", + "D2=0 \n", + "D3=16 \n", + "D4=0 \n", + "D5=16 \n", + "\n", + "Vout= float(D0*2**0 + D1*2**1 + D2*2**2 + D3*2**3 + D4*2**4 + D5*2**5)/2**6 # in volt\n", + "print \"The voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = %0.2f volt\" %Vout" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The first MSB output = 8 volt\n", + "The second MSB output = 4 volt\n", + "The third MSB output = 2 volt\n", + "The forth MSB output = 1 volt\n", + "The fifth MSB output = 0.5 volt\n", + "The sixth MSB (LSB) output = 0.25 volt\n", + "The resolution = 0.25 volt\n", + "Full scale output occurs for digital input of 111111 = 15.75 volt\n", + "The voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = 10.75 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.12 - Page No 269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "# For the word 100100\n", + "N=6 # Number of bits\n", + "a5= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "a4= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "a3= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "a2= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "a1= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "a0= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "Vo= 3.6 # in volt\n", + "# Formula Vo= (2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) * K\n", + "K= Vo/(2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) \n", + "# For the word 110011\n", + "N=6 # Number of bits\n", + "a5= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "a4= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "a3= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "a2= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "a1= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "a0= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "Vo= (2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) * K # in volt\n", + "print \"(i) : The value of Vo for the word 110011 = %0.1f volt\" %Vo\n", + "\n", + "# Part(ii)\n", + "# For the word 1010\n", + "N=4 # Number of bits\n", + "a3= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "a2= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "a1= 1 # Value of bits\n", + "a0= 0 # Value of bits\n", + "VR= 6 # in volt\n", + "Vo= float(VR)/2**N*( 2**(N-1)*a3 + 2**(N-2)*a2 + 2**(N-3)*a1 + 2**(N-4)*a0 ) \n", + "print \"(ii) : Value of output voltage = %0.2f volt\" %Vo" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i) : The value of Vo for the word 110011 = 5.1 volt\n", + "(ii) : Value of output voltage = 3.75 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.13 - Page No 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R=100 # in kohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "C= 1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "V_REF= 5 # in volt\n", + "t=0.2 # time taken to read an unknown voltage in second\n", + "T=R*C # in second\n", + "Vx= T/t*V_REF # in volt\n", + "print \"Unknown voltage = %0.1f volt\" %Vx" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Unknown voltage = 2.5 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.14 - Page No 277\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f=75 # in MHz\n", + "f=f*10**6 # in Hz\n", + "# For an 8-bit converter reference voltage\n", + "V_REF= 100 # in volt\n", + "# For setting D7=1\n", + "Vo_7= V_REF*2**7/2**8 #in volt\n", + "# For setting D6=1\n", + "Vo_6= V_REF*2**6/2**8 #in volt\n", + "# For setting D7=1 and D6=1\n", + "Vo_76= Vo_7+Vo_6 #in volt\n", + "# For setting D5=1 D6=1 and D7=1\n", + "Vo_5= float(V_REF*2**5)/2**8+Vo_7+Vo_6 #in volt\n", + "print \"For setting D7=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_7\n", + "print \"For setting D6=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_6\n", + "print \"For setting D7=1 and D6=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_76\n", + "print \"For setting D5=1, D6=1 and D7=1 output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %Vo_5\n", + "T=float(1.0/f) # in sec\n", + "print \"Conversion time = %0.1f ns\" %(T*10**9)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "For setting D7=1 output voltage = 50 volt\n", + "For setting D6=1 output voltage = 25 volt\n", + "For setting D7=1 and D6=1 output voltage = 75 volt\n", + "For setting D5=1, D6=1 and D7=1 output voltage = 87.5 volt\n", + "Conversion time = 13.3 ns\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.15 - Page No 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f=1 # in MHz\n", + "f=f*10**6 # in Hz\n", + "f= float(f) # converting into float\n", + "T=1/f # conversion time in sec\n", + "N=8 # number of bits\n", + "tc= N*T # in sec\n", + "print \"Time of Conversion = %0.f micro sec : \" %(tc*10**6)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Time of Conversion = 8 micro sec : \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.16 - Page No 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Vin= 2 #in volt\n", + "Vout= 10 #in volt\n", + "R=100 # in kohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "C=0.1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 #in F\n", + "# Formula Vout = -1/(R*C)*integrate('Vin','t',0,t) = -Vin*t/(R*C)\n", + "t= Vout*R*C/Vin # in sec\n", + "print \"Maximum time upto which the reference voltage can be integrated,\"\n", + "print \"t =\",round(t,2),\"second =\",int(round(t*10**3)),\"ms\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum time upto which the reference voltage can be integrated,\n", + "t = 0.05 second = 50 ms\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 8.17 - Page No 280" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C=0.1 # in nF\n", + "C=C*10**-9 #in F\n", + "V=5 #in V\n", + "t=1 # in micro S\n", + "t=t*10**-6 # in sec\n", + "# v= V*(1-%e**(-t/(R*C)))\n", + "# Since hold value does not drop by more than 0.5% or by 0.005 V, hold value is 0.995 V, Thus\n", + "# 0.995*V= V*(1-%e**(-t/(R*C)))\n", + "# or %e**(-t/(R*C))= 1-0.995 = 0.005\n", + "R= t/(C*math.log(1/0.005)) # in ohm\n", + "I= V/R*(1-exp(-t/(R*C))) # Maximum currnet through R in amphere\n", + "print \"Maximum permissible leakage current through the hold capacitor = %0.3f mA\" %(I*10**3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum permissible leakage current through the hold capacitor = 2.636 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6159910d --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter-9 : The 555 IC Timer" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.1 - Page No 295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C=.01 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R_A= 2 # in kohm\n", + "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_B= 100 # in kohm\n", + "R_B=R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "T_High= 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C # in seconds\n", + "T_Low= 0.693*R_B*C # in seconds\n", + "T=T_High+T_Low # in seconds\n", + "f=1/T # in Hz\n", + "print \"Frequency of oscillations = %0.1f Hz\" %f\n", + "DutyCycle= T_High/T*100 # in percent\n", + "print \"Duty cycle = %0.1f %%\" %DutyCycle " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillations = 714.4 Hz\n", + "Duty cycle = 50.5 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.2 - Page No 295\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C=1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "C1=0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R_A=4.7 # in kohm\n", + "R_B=1 # in kohm\n", + "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R_B=R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "T_on= 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C # in seconds\n", + "T_on=T_on*10**3 # in ms\n", + "print \"Positive pulse width = %0.2f mili seconds\" %T_on\n", + "T_off= 0.693*R_B*C # in seconds\n", + "T_off=T_off*10**3 # in ms\n", + "print \"Negative pulse width = %0.3f mili seconds\" %T_off\n", + "f=1.4/((R_A+2*R_B)*C) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Free running Frequency = %0.f Hz\" %f\n", + "DutyCycle= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B)*100# in percent\n", + "print \"Duty cycle = %0.f %%\" %DutyCycle" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Positive pulse width = 3.95 mili seconds\n", + "Negative pulse width = 0.693 mili seconds\n", + "Free running Frequency = 209 Hz\n", + "Duty cycle = 85 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.3 - Page No 296\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C=0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "f=1 # in kHz\n", + "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "# R_A= R_B\n", + "# T_on = T_off = T/2\n", + "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n", + "R_A= 1.44/(2*f*C) # in ohm\n", + "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in k ohm\n", + "R_B= R_A \n", + "\n", + "print \"The value of required resistors =\",int(round(R_A)),\"k ohm (68 ohm standart value)\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of required resistors = 72 k ohm (68 ohm standart value)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.4 - Page No 296\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f=700 # in Hz\n", + "# R_A= R_B\n", + "# T_on = T_off = T/2\n", + "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n", + "C=0.01 # in micro F (assumed value)\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R_A= 1.44/(2*f*C) # in ohm\n", + "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in k ohm\n", + "R_A=int(round(R_A) )\n", + "R_B= R_A \n", + "print \"The value of required resistors =\",(R_A),\"k ohm (100 ohm standart value)\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of required resistors = 103 k ohm (100 ohm standart value)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.5 - Page No 296\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "f=800 # in Hz\n", + "D=60 # in percent\n", + "# Formula D= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B)*100 = 60\n", + "# R_A + R_B = 0.6*R_A + 1.2*R_B\n", + "# R_B= 2*R_A\n", + "C=0.01 # in micro F (assumed value)\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n", + "R_A= 1.44/(5*C*f) # in ohm\n", + "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "R_B=2*R_A # in kohm\n", + "print \"The value of C = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n", + "print \"The value of R_A = %0.f kohm\" %R_A\n", + "print \"The value of R_B = %0.f kohm\" %R_B\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of C = 0.01 micro F\n", + "The value of R_A = 36 kohm\n", + "The value of R_B = 72 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 28 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.6 - Page No 297\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C=.05 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R= 12 # in kohm\n", + "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "V_CC= 5 # in volt\n", + "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n", + "V_D1= V_BE # in volt\n", + "I_C= (V_CC-V_BE)/R # in A\n", + "f_o= (3*I_C)/(V_CC*C) # in Hz\n", + "f_o=f_o*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "print \"Frequency of free running ramp generator circuit = %0.1f kHz\" %f_o" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of free running ramp generator circuit = 4.3 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.7 - Page No 300\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "C=.1 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "R_A= 20 # in kohm\n", + "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "PulseWidth= 1.1*R_A*C # in seconds\n", + "print \"The output pulse width = %0.1f mili seconds\" %(PulseWidth*10**3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output pulse width = 2.2 mili seconds\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 9.9 - Page No 300\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "C=.02 # in micro F\n", + "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n", + "f=2 # frequency of the outpur trigger in kHz\n", + "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n", + "T=1/f # in seconds\n", + "# In a divide-by-5 circuit , n=5, so the pulse width, t_p= [0.2 + (n-1)]*T = [0.2 + (5-1)]*T = 4.2*T\n", + "t_p=4.2*T # in soconds\n", + "# Formula t_p = 1.1*R_A*C\n", + "R_A= t_p/(1.1*C) # in ohm\n", + "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in kohm\n", + "print \"The value of R_A = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 100 kohm)\" %R_A" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of R_A = 95.45 k ohm (Standard value 100 kohm)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0aaf0dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter-10 : Phase-Locked Loops (PLL)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 10.1 - Page No 310" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "from numpy import pi\n", + "from fractions import Fraction \n", + "# Given data\n", + "V_pos= 12 # in volt\n", + "V_Neg= -12 # in volt\n", + "V=V_pos-V_Neg \n", + "R1=15 # in k ohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "C1=0.01 # in micro F\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n", + "C2=10 # in micro F\n", + "C2=C2*10**-6 # in F\n", + "# (i)\n", + "f_out= 1.2/(4*R1*C1) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Free running frequency = %0.f kHz\" %(f_out*10**-3)\n", + "# (ii)\n", + "f_L= (8*f_out)/V # in Hz\n", + "print \"Lock range = \u00b1\" ,Fraction(f_L*10**-3).limit_denominator(100),\"kHz\"\n", + "f_C= sqrt(f_L/(2*pi*3.6*10**3*C2)) # in Hz\n", + "print \"Capture range =\u00b1 %0.2f Hz\" %f_C" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Free running frequency = 2 kHz\n", + "Lock range = \u00b1 2/3 kHz\n", + "Capture range =\u00b1 54.29 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9008b311 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter- 11 : Voltage Regulators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 11.1 - Page No 337\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "# Given data\n", + "I_dc=300 # in mA\n", + "C=200 # in micro F\n", + "V_max= 24 # in volt\n", + "V_r_rms= 2.4*I_dc/C # in volt\n", + "V_r_peak= sqrt(3)*V_r_rms # in volt\n", + "V_dc= V_max-V_r_peak # in volt\n", + "V_in_low= V_max-V_r_peak # in volt\n", + "print \"Minimum input voltage = %0.2f volt\" %V_in_low" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum input voltage = 17.76 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 11.2 - Page No 337\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "I_L= 0.5 # in amp\n", + "R_L=25 # in ohm\n", + "V_R=12 # in volt (since using 7812 voltage regulator)\n", + "V_L= I_L*R_L \n", + "R=V_R/I_L # in ohm\n", + "print \"Resistance required = %0.f ohm\" %R\n", + "V_out= V_R+V_L # in volt\n", + "print \"Output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_out\n", + "V_in= V_out+2 # in volt\n", + "print \"Input voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_in" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance required = 24 ohm\n", + "Output voltage = 24.5 volt\n", + "Input voltage = 26.5 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 11.3 - Page No 337\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 240 # in ohm\n", + "R2= 1.2 # in kohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "V_out= 1.25*(1+R2/R1) # in volt\n", + "print \"Regulated output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_out" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Regulated output voltage = 7.5 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 11.4 - Page No 337\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 40 # in ohm\n", + "I_Q= 10 # in mA\n", + "I_Q=I_Q*10**-3 # in amp\n", + "V_REF= 15 # in volt\n", + "# When R2 is set at minimum i.e.\n", + "R2= 0 # in ohm\n", + "V_out= (1+R2/R1)*V_REF + I_Q*R2 # in volt\n", + "print \"Minimum output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out\n", + "# When R2 is set at maximum i.e.\n", + "R2= 200 # in ohm\n", + "V_out= (1+R2/R1)*V_REF + I_Q*R2 # in volt\n", + "print \"Minimum output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum output voltage = 15 volt\n", + "Minimum output voltage = 92 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 11.5 - Page No 350\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 2.5 # in kohm\n", + "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R2= 1 # in kohm\n", + "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "V_REF= 1.25 # in volt\n", + "I= V_REF/R2 # in amp\n", + "# This current also flows through R1. So the output voltage\n", + "V_out= I*(R1+R2) # in volt\n", + "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %V_out" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output voltage = 4.375 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 11.6 - Page No 350\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "R1= 3 # in kohm\n", + "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "R2= 1 # in kohm\n", + "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "V_REF= 1.25 # in volt\n", + "V_in=20 # in volt\n", + "V_out= V_REF*(R1+R2)/R2 # in volt\n", + "D=V_out/V_in*100 # in percent\n", + "print \"Duty cycle = %0.f %%\" %D" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Duty cycle = 25 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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