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diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuit_by_M._S._Sivakumar/Ch9_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuit_by_M._S._Sivakumar/Ch9_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..155ff9ba --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuit_by_M._S._Sivakumar/Ch9_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,413 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 9 Phase Locked Loop" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.1 Pg 284" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The output voltage of switching regulator circuit is = -0.30 V \n", + "The output voltage of switching regulator circuit is = 1.50 V \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt, pi\n", + "# to find output voltage for a constant input signal frequency of 200 KHz\n", + "fo = 2*pi*1*10**3 # # KHz/V # VCO sensitivity range 4.1\n", + "fc = 500 # # Hz a free running frequency\n", + "f1 = 200 # # Hz input frequency\n", + "f2 = 2*10**3 # # Hz input frequency\n", + "\n", + "# the output voltage of PLL is defined as\n", + "#Vo = (wo-wc)/ko\n", + "ko = fo #\n", + "# when i/p locked with o/p wo=wi\n", + "# Vo = (wi-wc)/ko #\n", + "\n", + "#for the i/p frequency fi = 200 Hz\n", + "fi = 200 # # Hz\n", + "Vo = (((2*pi*fi)-(2*pi*fc))/ko)#\n", + "print 'The output voltage of switching regulator circuit is = %0.2f'%Vo,' V '\n", + "\n", + "#for the i/p frequency fi = 200 Hz\n", + "fi = 2*10**3 # # Hz\n", + "Vo = (((2*pi*fi)-(2*pi*fc))/ko)#\n", + "print 'The output voltage of switching regulator circuit is = %0.2f'%Vo,' V '" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.2 Pg 285" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The sum frequency produce by phase detector is = 900.00 KHz \n", + "The difference frequency produce by phase detector is = 100.00 KHz \n", + "The phase detector frequencies are outside of the low pass filter\n", + "The VCO will be in its free running frequency \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# to find VCO output frequency\n", + "fc = 400 # # KHz a free running frequency\n", + "f = 10 # # KHz low pass filter bandwidth\n", + "fi = 500 # # KHz input frequency\n", + "\n", + "# In PLL a phase detector produces the sum and difference frequencies are defined as\n", + "\n", + "sum = fi+fc #\n", + "print 'The sum frequency produce by phase detector is = %0.2f'%sum,' KHz '\n", + "\n", + "difference = fi-fc #\n", + "print 'The difference frequency produce by phase detector is = %0.2f'%difference,' KHz '\n", + "\n", + "print 'The phase detector frequencies are outside of the low pass filter'#\n", + "\n", + "print 'The VCO will be in its free running frequency '" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.3 Pg 286" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The sensitivity of phase detector Kd is = 0.45 \n", + "The maximum control voltage of VCO Vfmax = 1.40 V\n", + "The maximum frequency swing of VCO = 35.00 KHz\n", + "The maximum range of frequency which lock a PLL is = 15.00 KHz \n", + "The maximum range of frequency which lock a PLL is = 85.00 KHz \n", + "The maximum and minimum rage between 15 KHz to 85 KHZ \n", + "The lock range is = 70.00 KHz \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt, pi\n", + "# to determine the lock range of PLL\n", + "Ko = 25 # # KHz\n", + "fo = 50 # # KHz\n", + "A = 2 #\n", + "Vd = 0.7 #\n", + "AL = 1 #\n", + "\n", + "# the amximum output swing of phase detector \n", + "# Vd = Kd*(pi/2) #\n", + "\n", + "# the sensitivity of phase detector Kd is\n", + "Kd = Vd*(2/pi) #\n", + "print 'The sensitivity of phase detector Kd is = %0.2f'%Kd,''\n", + "\n", + "# The maximum control voltage of VCO Vfmax\n", + "Vfmax = (pi/2)*Kd*A #\n", + "print 'The maximum control voltage of VCO Vfmax = %0.2f'%Vfmax,' V'\n", + "\n", + "# the maximum frequency swing of VCO\n", + "fL = (Ko*Vfmax)#\n", + "print 'The maximum frequency swing of VCO = %0.2f'%fL,' KHz'\n", + "\n", + "# The maximum range of frequency which lock a PLL are\n", + "fi = fo-fL #\n", + "print 'The maximum range of frequency which lock a PLL is = %0.2f'%fi,' KHz '\n", + "\n", + "fi = fo+fL #\n", + "print 'The maximum range of frequency which lock a PLL is = %0.2f'%fi,' KHz '\n", + "\n", + "print 'The maximum and minimum rage between 15 KHz to 85 KHZ '\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# the lock range is\n", + "fLock = 2*fL #\n", + "print 'The lock range is = %0.2f'%fLock,' KHz '" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.4 Pg 286" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The current through the control resistor R is = 0.60 mA \n", + "The charging time of capacitor is = 5.00 msec \n", + "The total time period of tringular and square wave is = 10.00 msec \n", + "The output frequency of VCO is = 0.10 KHz \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# to determine the output frequency capacitor charging time of VCO\n", + "Vcc = 12 #\n", + "Vcs = 6\n", + "R = 10 # # K ohm\n", + "C = 1 # # uF\n", + "\n", + "# the current through the control resistor R\n", + "i =(Vcc-Vcs)/R #\n", + "print 'The current through the control resistor R is = %0.2f'%i, ' mA '\n", + "\n", + "# The charging time of capacitor \n", + "t = (0.25*Vcc*C)/i #\n", + "print 'The charging time of capacitor is = %0.2f'%t, ' msec '\n", + "\n", + "# In VCO the capacitor charging and discharging time period are equal ,so the total time period of tringular and square wave forms can be written as 2*t #\n", + "t = ((0.5*Vcc*C)/i)#\n", + "print 'The total time period of tringular and square wave is = %0.2f'%t, ' msec '\n", + "\n", + "# the output frequency of VCO is\n", + "fo = 1/t #\n", + "print 'The output frequency of VCO is = %0.2f'%fo, ' KHz '" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.5 Pg 287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The charging or discharging time of capacitor is = 25.00 msec \n", + "The output frequency of VCO is is = 20.00 Hz \n", + "The output frequency of VCO is = 625.00 Kohm\n", + "The current through the control resistor R is = 1.60 uA \n", + "The capacitor charging current is = 2000.00 V = 0.33Vcc \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt, pi\n", + "# to design VCO with output square wave pulse time of 50 msec\n", + "Vcc =6 #\n", + "Vcs = 5 #\n", + "R = 22 # #K ohm\n", + "C = 0.02 # # uF\n", + "t = 50*10**-3 # # sec output square wave pluse\n", + "\n", + "# In VCO the capacitor charging and discharging time period are equal ,so the total time period of tringular and square wave forms can be written as 2*t #\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# the charging or discharging time of capacitor \n", + "tcap = t/2*1e3 #\n", + "print 'The charging or discharging time of capacitor is = %0.2f'%tcap, ' msec '\n", + "\n", + "# the output frequency of VCO is\n", + "fo = 1/t #\n", + "print 'The output frequency of VCO is is = %0.2f'%fo, ' Hz '\n", + "\n", + "# the output frequency of VCO\n", + " # fo = (1/4*R*C)#\n", + "R = 1/(4*fo*1e3*C*1e-9)/1e3 # Kohm\n", + "print 'The output frequency of VCO is = %0.2f'%R, ' Kohm'\n", + "\n", + "# the current through the control resistor R\n", + "i =(Vcc-Vcs)/R*1e3 #\n", + "print 'The current through the control resistor R is = %0.2f'%i, ' uA '\n", + "\n", + "# the capacitor charging current \n", + "# (V/t)=(i/C) #\n", + "V = (i/C)*tcap #\n", + "print 'The capacitor charging current is = %0.2f'%V, ' V = 0.33Vcc '" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.6 Pg 289" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The center frequency of VCO is is = 0.17 kHz \n", + "The lock range of PLL is = 2.67 KHz/V \n", + "The lock range of PLL is = 25.59 k Hz/V \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt, pi\n", + "# to determine the center frequency of VCO lock and capture range of PLL\n", + "R = 15 # # K ohm\n", + "C = 0.12 # # uF\n", + "Vcc = 12 #\n", + "\n", + "# the center frequency of VCO fo\n", + "fo = (1.2/4/(R*1e3)/(C*1e-6))/1e3#\n", + "print 'The center frequency of VCO is is = %0.2f'%fo, ' kHz '\n", + "\n", + "fo = 4 # # KHz\n", + "# the lock range of PLL\n", + "fL = (8*fo/Vcc) #\n", + "print 'The lock range of PLL is = %0.2f'%fL, ' KHz/V '\n", + "\n", + "# the capture range of PLL\n", + "fc = ((fo-fL)/(2*pi*3.6*10**3*C*1e-6)**(1/2)) #\n", + "print 'The lock range of PLL is = %0.2f'%fc, 'k Hz/V '\n", + "# ans wrong in the textbook." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.7 Pg 290" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The total time period of VCO is = 5.00 usec \n", + "The charging or discharging time of capacitor is = 2.50 usec \n", + "The voltage swing of VCO for 12 V supply is = 3.00 V \n", + "The lock range of PLL FL is = 0.955 Hz \n", + "The capture range is = 437.02 Hz \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt, pi\n", + "# determine the lock range of the FSK demodulator\n", + "Vcc = 12 #\n", + "Fvco = 0.25*Vcc #\n", + "f = 200*10**3 # # Hz\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# the total time period of VCO \n", + "t = 1/f*1e6 #\n", + "print 'The total time period of VCO is = %0.2f'%t, ' usec '\n", + "\n", + "# In VCO the capacitor charging and discharging time period are equal ,so the total time period of tringular and square wave forms can be written as 2*t #\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# the charging or discharging time of capacitor \n", + "tcap = t/2 #\n", + "print 'The charging or discharging time of capacitor is = %0.2f'%tcap, ' usec '\n", + "\n", + "# the voltage swing of VCO for 12 V supply\n", + "Fvco = 0.25*Vcc #\n", + "print 'The voltage swing of VCO for 12 V supply is = %0.2f'%Fvco, ' V '\n", + "\n", + "# The lock range of PLL \n", + "#FL = (1/2*pi*f)*(Fvco/tcap)#\n", + "FL = (3/(2*pi*f*tcap*1e-6))#\n", + "print 'The lock range of PLL FL is = %0.3f'%FL, ' Hz '\n", + "\n", + "# the capture range \n", + "fcap = sqrt(f*FL)#\n", + "print 'The capture range is = %0.2f'%fcap, ' Hz '" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |