1 files changed, 352 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Introduction_to_flight_by_J_D_Anderson/Appendix.ipynb b/Introduction_to_flight_by_J_D_Anderson/Appendix.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d2f0522f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introduction_to_flight_by_J_D_Anderson/Appendix.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Appendix C"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Sublimation Pressure:  0.00109 KPa\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# -*- coding: utf8 -*-\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "from math import exp\n",
+    "#Example: 14.1\n",
+    "'''Determine the sublimation pressure of water vapor at −60◦C using data available in the\n",
+    "steam tables.\n",
+    "Control mass: Water.'''\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration: \n",
+    "#from table in appendix B.1.5\n",
+    "T1 = 213.2\t\t\t#K, Temperature at state 1\n",
+    "P2 = 0.0129\t\t\t#kPa, pressure at state 2\n",
+    "T2 = 233.2\t\t\t#K, Temperature at state 2\n",
+    "hig = 2838.9\t\t#kJ/kg, enthalpy of sublimation \n",
+    "R = .46152\t\t\t#Gas constant \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations:\n",
+    "P1 = P2*exp(-hig/R*(1/T1-1/T2)) #using relation log(P2/P1) = (hig/R)*(1/T1-1/T2) \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results:\n",
+    "print 'Sublimation Pressure: ',round(P1,5),'KPa'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Change in internal energy:  -159.4 J/Kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# -*- coding: utf8 -*-\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "#Example: 14.4\n",
+    "'''The pressure on a block of copper having a mass of 1 kg is increased in a reversible process\n",
+    "from 0.1 to 100 MPa while the temperature is held constant at 15◦C. Determine the work\n",
+    "done on the copper during this process, the change in entropy per kilogram of copper, the\n",
+    "heat transfer, and the change of internal energy per kilogram.\n",
+    "Over the range of pressure and temperature in this problem, the following data can\n",
+    "be used:\n",
+    "Volume expansivity = αP = 5.0 × 10−5 K−1\n",
+    "Isothermal compressibility = βT = 8.6 × 10−12 m2/N\n",
+    "Specific volume = 0.000 114 m3/kg'''\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration: \n",
+    "#known data\n",
+    "ap = 5*10**-5\t\t\t\t#K**-1 Volume expansivity\n",
+    "bt = 8.6*10**-12\t\t\t#m**2/N, Isothermal compressibility\n",
+    "v = 0.000114\t\t\t\t#m**3/kg, specific volume\n",
+    "P2 = 100*10**6\t\t\t\t#pressure at state 2 in kPa\n",
+    "P1 = 100\t\t\t\t\t#pressure at state 1 in kPa\n",
+    "T = 288.2\t\t\t\t\t#Temperature in K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations:\n",
+    "w = -v*bt*(P2**2-P1**2)/2\t#work done in J/kg\n",
+    "q = -T*v*ap*(P2-P1)\t\t\t#heat in J/kg\n",
+    "du = q-w\t\t\t\t\t#change in internal energy in J/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results:\n",
+    "print 'Change in internal energy: ',round(du,1),'J/Kg'\n",
+    " "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Enthalpy change:  18.73 KJ/Kg\n",
+      "Temperature : 146.0 K\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# -*- coding: utf8 -*-\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "#Example: 14.5\n",
+    "'''Nitrogen is throttled from 20 MPa, −70◦C, to 2 MPa in an adiabatic, steady-state, steadyflow\n",
+    "process. Determine the final temperature of the nitrogen.\n",
+    "Control volume:\n",
+    "Inlet state:\n",
+    "Exit state:\n",
+    "Process:\n",
+    "Diagram:\n",
+    "Model:\n",
+    "Throttling valve.\n",
+    "P1, T1 known; state fixed.\n",
+    "P2 known.\n",
+    "Steady-state, throttling process.\n",
+    "Figure 14.8.\n",
+    "Generalized charts, Fig. D.2.'''\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration: \n",
+    "#from table A.2\n",
+    "P1 = 20\t\t#pressure at state 1 in MPa\n",
+    "P2 = 2\t\t#pressure at state 2 in MPa\n",
+    "T1 = 203.2\t\t#Temperature at state 1 in K\n",
+    "Pr1 = P1/3.39\t\t#Reduced pressure at state 1\n",
+    "Pr2 = P2/3.39\t\t#Reduced pressure at state 2\n",
+    "Tr1 = T1/126.2\t\t#Reduced temperature\n",
+    "#from compressibility chart h1*-h1 = 2.1*R*Tc\n",
+    "#from zero pressure specific heat data h1*-h2* = Cp*(T1a-T2a)\n",
+    "#h2*-h2 = 0.5*R*Tc\n",
+    "#this gives dh = h1-h2 = -2.1*R*Tc+Cp*(T1a-T2a)+0.5*R*Tc\n",
+    "R = 0.2968\t\t#gas constant for given substance\n",
+    "Tc = 126.2\t\t#K, Constant temperature\n",
+    "Cp = 1.0416\t\t#heat enthalpy at constant pressure in kJ/kg\n",
+    "T2 = 146\t\t#temperature at state 2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations:\n",
+    "dh = 0.5*R*Tc#\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results:\n",
+    "print 'Enthalpy change: ',round(dh,2),'KJ/Kg'\n",
+    "print 'Temperature :',round(T2,2),'K' "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 6"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Enthalpy change:  61.98 kJ/kg\n",
+      "Entropy Change:  1.0782 kJ/kg.K\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# -*- coding: utf8 -*-\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "from math import log\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Example: 14.6\n",
+    "'''Nitrogen at 8 MPa, 150 K, is throttled to 0.5 MPa. After the gas passes through a short\n",
+    "length of pipe, its temperature is measured and found to be 125 K. Determine the heat\n",
+    "transfer and the change of entropy using the generalized charts. Compare these results\n",
+    "with those obtained by using the nitrogen tables.\n",
+    "Control volume:\n",
+    "Inlet state:\n",
+    "Exit state:\n",
+    "Process:\n",
+    "Diagram:\n",
+    "Model:\n",
+    "Throttle and pipe.\n",
+    "P1, T1 known; state fixed.\n",
+    "P2, T2 known; state fixed.\n",
+    "Steady state.\n",
+    "Figure 14.10.\n",
+    "Generalized charts, results to be compared with those\n",
+    "obtained with nitrogen tables.'''\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration: \n",
+    "#from table A.2\n",
+    "P1 = 8\t\t\t\t\t#pressure at state 1 in MPa\n",
+    "P2 = 0.5\t\t\t\t#pressure at state 2 in MPa\n",
+    "T1 = 150\t\t\t\t#Temperature at state 1 in K\n",
+    "Pr1 = P1/3.39\t\t\t#Reduced pressure at state 1\n",
+    "Pr2 = P2/3.39\t\t\t#Reduced pressure at state 2\n",
+    "Tr1 = T1/126.2\t\t\t#Reduced temperature\n",
+    "T2 = 125\t\t\t\t#Temperature at state 2\n",
+    "R = 0.2968\t\t\t\t#gas constant for given substance\n",
+    "Tc = 126.2\t\t\t\t#K, Constant temperature\n",
+    "Cp = 1.0416\t\t\t\t#Heat enthalpy at constant pressure in kJ/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations:\n",
+    "dh = (2.35)*R*Tc+Cp*(T2-T1)\t\t#\n",
+    "ds = 1.6*R-0.1*R+Cp*log(T2/T1)-R*log(P2/P1)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results:\n",
+    "print 'Enthalpy change: ',round(dh,2),'kJ/kg'\n",
+    "print 'Entropy Change: ',round(ds,4),'kJ/kg.K'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Percentage deviation in specific volume using Kays rule:  4.8 %\n",
+      "Percentage deviation in specific volume using vander waals eqn:  6.4 %\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# -*- coding: utf8 -*-\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "from math import sqrt\n",
+    "#Example: 14.7\n",
+    "'''A mixture of 80% CO2 and 20% CH4 (mass basis) is maintained at 310.94 K, 86.19 bar,\n",
+    "at which condition the specific volume has been measured as 0.006757 m3/kg. Calculate\n",
+    "the percent deviation if the specific volume had been calculated by (a) Kay’s rule and (b)\n",
+    "van der Waals’ equation of state.\n",
+    "Control mass:\n",
+    "State:\n",
+    "Model:\n",
+    "Gas mixture.\n",
+    "P, v, T known.\n",
+    "(a) Kay’s rule. (b) van der Waals’ equation.'''\n",
+    "#Keys:\n",
+    "#a-denotes C02\n",
+    "#b-denotes CH4\n",
+    "#c-denotes critical conditions\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable Declaration: \n",
+    "T = 310.94\t\t\t\t#Temperature of mixture K\n",
+    "P = 86.19\t\t\t\t#Pressure of mixture in MPa\n",
+    "Tca = 304.1\t\t\t\t#K\n",
+    "Tcb = 190.4\t\t\t\t#K\n",
+    "Pca = 7.38\t\t\t\t#MPa\n",
+    "Pcb = 4.60\t\t\t\t#MPa\n",
+    "Ra = 0.1889\t\t\t\t#gas constant for a in kJ/kg.K\n",
+    "Rb = 0.5183\t\t\t\t#gas constant for b in kJ/kg.K\n",
+    "xa = 0.8\t\t\t\t#fraction of CO2\n",
+    "xb = 0.2\t\t\t\t#fraction of CH4\n",
+    "Ma = 44.01\t\t\t\t#molecular mass of a\n",
+    "Mb = 16.043\t\t\t\t#molecular mass of b\n",
+    "Zm = 0.7\t\t\t\t#Compressiblity from generalised compressibility chart\n",
+    "ve = 0.0006757\t\t\t#experimental specific volume in m**3/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations:\n",
+    "Rm = xa*Ra+xb*Rb\t\t#mean gas constant in kJ/kg.K\n",
+    "ya = xa/Ma/(xa/Ma+xb/Mb)#mole fraction of a\n",
+    "yb = xb/Mb/(xa/Ma+xb/Mb)#mole fraction of b\n",
+    "Tcm = ya*Tca+yb*Tcb\t\t#mean critical temp in K\n",
+    "Pcm = ya*Pca+yb*Tcb\t\t#mean critical pressure n MPa\n",
+    "Trm = T/Tcm\n",
+    "Prm = P/Pcm\n",
+    "vc = Zm*Rm*T/P/1000\t\t#specific volume calculated in m**3/kg\n",
+    "pd1 = (ve-vc)/ve*100\t#percent deviation\n",
+    "Aa = 27*Ra**2*Tca**2/(64*Pca*1000)\n",
+    "Ba = Ra*Tca/(8*Pca*1000)\n",
+    "Ab = 27*Rb**2*Tcb**2/(64*Pcb*1000)\n",
+    "Bb = Rb*Tcb/(8*Pcb*1000)\n",
+    "Am = (xa*sqrt(Aa)+xb*sqrt(Ab))**2\n",
+    "Bm = (xa*Ba+xb*Bb)\n",
+    "vc = 0.0006326\t\t\t#calculated specific volume in m**3/kg\n",
+    "pd2 = (ve-vc)/ve*100\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results:\n",
+    "print 'Percentage deviation in specific volume using Kays rule: ',round(pd1,1),'%'\n",
+    "print 'Percentage deviation in specific volume using vander waals eqn: ',round(pd2,1),'%' "
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}