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-{
- "cells": [
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "# Chapter 8 - Refrigeration and liquifaction processes"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.1 Page: 297"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.1 - Page: 297\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The coeffecient of performance of the cycle is 7.91\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The power required is 3.79 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The rate of heat rejection in the room is 33.79 kW\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "from __future__ import division\n",
-    "print \"Example: 8.1 - Page: 297\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Tl = 273 - 4## [K]\n",
-    "Th = 273 + 30## [K]\n",
-    "Ql = 30## [kW]\n",
-    "#*************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (a)\n",
-    "COP = Tl/(Th - Tl)#\n",
-    "print \"The coeffecient of performance of the cycle is %.2f\\n\"%(COP)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (b)\n",
-    "Wnet = Ql/COP## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"The power required is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Wnet)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (c)\n",
-    "Qh = Wnet + Ql## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"The rate of heat rejection in the room is %.2f kW\"%(Qh)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.2 Page: 298"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 2,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.2 - Page: 298\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The power consumption is 0.735 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Cooling Effect produced is 2.862 kW\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.2 - Page: 298\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Tl = -10 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "Th = 45 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "Ql = 1## [ton]\n",
-    "#*************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (a)\n",
-    "COP = Tl/(Th - Tl)#\n",
-    "Wnet = Ql*3.516/COP## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"The power consumption is %.3f kW\\n\"%(Wnet)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (b)\n",
-    "Tl = -20 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "Th = 45 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "COP = Tl/(Th - Tl)#\n",
-    "Ql = Wnet*COP## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"Cooling Effect produced is %.3f kW\\n\"%(Ql)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.3 Page: 298"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 3,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.3 - Page: 298\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Increase in percentage of work output is 22.97 %\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.3 - Page: 298\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# From Example 8.2:\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# For refrigerated space:\n",
-    "# Wnet = Ql/4.78 = 0.209*Ql\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# For freezer box.\n",
-    "# Wnet = Ql/3.89 = 0.257*Ql\n",
-    "\n",
-    "percent = ((0.257 - 0.209)/0.209)*100#\n",
-    "print \"Increase in percentage of work output is %.2f %%\"%(percent)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.4 Page: 299"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.4 - Page: 299\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Coeffecient of performance of Carnot Heat Pump is 12.38\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Power input can be estimated as 2.02 kW\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.4 - Page: 299\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Th = 273 + 24## [K]\n",
-    "Tl = 0 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "Qh = 25## [kW]\n",
-    "#*************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "COP = Th/(Th - Tl)#\n",
-    "Wnet = Qh/COP## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"Coeffecient of performance of Carnot Heat Pump is %.2f\\n\"%(COP)#\n",
-    "print \"Power input can be estimated as %.2f kW\\n\"%(Wnet)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.5 Page: 299"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.5 - Page: 299\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Minimum Power input required is 1.669 kW\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.5 - Page: 299\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Tl = -2 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "Th = 20 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "Qh = 80000## [kJ/h]\n",
-    "#*************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "Ql = Qh*Tl/Th## [kJ/h]\n",
-    "Wnet = Qh - Ql## [kJ/h]\n",
-    "print \"Minimum Power input required is %.3f kW\\n\"%(Wnet/3600)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.6 Page: 303"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.6 - Page: 303\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Enthalpy of saturated vapour is 6.65\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Refrigerating Effect is 113 kJ/kg\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The COP of an ideal Carnot refrigerator is 6.83\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Work done by the compression is 17.00 kJ/kg\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.6 - Page: 303\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Tl = 273## [K]\n",
-    "Th = 313## [K]\n",
-    "H1 = 187## [Enthalpy of saturated vapour at 273 K, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H3 = 74## [Enthalpy of saturated liquid at 313 K,kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H4 = H3## [kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H2 = 204## [Enthalpy of Supersaturated Vapour at 273 K, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "#****************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (i)\n",
-    "# COP = Ql/Wnet#\n",
-    "COP = ((H1 - H4)/(H2 - H1))#\n",
-    "print \"Enthalpy of saturated vapour is %.2f\\n\"%(COP)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (ii)\n",
-    "Ref_Effect = H1 - H4## [kJ/kg]\n",
-    "print \"Refrigerating Effect is %d kJ/kg\\n\"%(Ref_Effect)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (iii)\n",
-    "COP = Tl/(Th - Tl)#\n",
-    "print \"The COP of an ideal Carnot refrigerator is %.2f\\n\"%(COP)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (iv)\n",
-    "W = H2 - H1## [kJ/kg]\n",
-    "print \"Work done by the compression is %.2f kJ/kg\\n\"%(W)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.7 Page: 304"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.7 - Page: 304\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Amount of heat removed from cold space is 9.18 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "THe power input required is 1.92 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "COP of refrigeration of cycle is 4.77\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.7 - Page: 304\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "P1 = 0.18## [MPa]\n",
-    "T1 = -10 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "mdot = 0.06## [kg/s]\n",
-    "P2 = 1## [MPa]\n",
-    "T2 = 45 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "T = 273 + 29## [K]\n",
-    "P = 0.75## [MPa]\n",
-    "H1 = 245.16## [Enthalpy of superheated vapour at -10 OC & 0.18 MPa, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H2 = 277.2## [Enthalpy of superheated vapour at 45 OC & 1 MPa, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H3 = 92.22## [Enthalpy of saturated liquid at 29 OC & 0.75 MPa, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H4 = H3## [kJ/kg]\n",
-    "#*************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (a)\n",
-    "Ql = mdot*(H1 - H4)## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"Amount of heat removed from cold space is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Ql)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (b)\n",
-    "Wnet = mdot*(H2 - H1)## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"THe power input required is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Wnet)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (c)\n",
-    "COP = Ql/Wnet#\n",
-    "print \"COP of refrigeration of cycle is %.2f\\n\"%(COP)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.8 Page: 305"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 8,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.8 - Page: 305\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.1546 kg/s\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Power consumption in the compression is 4.57 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The amount of heat rejected in the condenser is 22.15 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Relative COP is 0.78\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.8 - Page: 305\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Ql = 5## [tons]\n",
-    "Tl = -10 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "Th = 35 + 273## [K]\n",
-    "eta = 0.85#\n",
-    "H1 = 183.2## [Enthalpy of saturated vapour at 263 K, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H2 = 208.3## [Enthalpy of superheated vapour, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H3 = 69.5## [Enthalpy of saturated vapour at 308 K, kJ/kg]\n",
-    "H4 = H3## [kJ/kg]\n",
-    "#***************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (a)\n",
-    "# Mass flow rate:\n",
-    "Ql = Ql*3.516## [kW]\n",
-    "mdot = Ql/(H1 - H4)## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"Mass flow rate of the refrigerant is %.4f kg/s\\n\"%(mdot)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (b)\n",
-    "W = H2 - H1## [kJ/kg]\n",
-    "Wnet = W*mdot/eta## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"Power consumption in the compression is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Wnet)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (c)\n",
-    "Qh = Ql + Wnet## [kW]\n",
-    "print \"The amount of heat rejected in the condenser is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Qh)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (d)\n",
-    "COP_VapourCompression = (H1 - H4)/(H2 - H1)#\n",
-    "COP_Carnot = Tl/(Th - Tl)#\n",
-    "COP_relative = COP_VapourCompression/COP_Carnot#\n",
-    "print \"Relative COP is %.2f\\n\"%(COP_relative)#"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.9 Page: 308"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 10,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.9 - Page: 308\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Claim is Valid and reasonable\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.9 - Page: 308\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Th = 273 + 125## [K]\n",
-    "Tl = 273 - 5## [K]\n",
-    "Ts = 273 + 28## [K]\n",
-    "COP = 2#\n",
-    "#*************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "COP_absorption = (Tl/(Ts - Tl))*((Th - Ts)/Th)#\n",
-    "if ((COP - 0.1) < COP_absorption) or ((COP + 0.1) > COP_absorption):\n",
-    "    print \"Claim is Valid and reasonable\"\n",
-    "else:\n",
-    "    print \"Claim is not Valid\"\n"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
-   "metadata": {},
-   "source": [
-    "## Example: 8.10 Page: 313"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
-   "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false
-   },
-   "outputs": [
-    {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "Example: 8.10 - Page: 313\n",
-      "\n",
-      "\n",
-      "COP of Air Refrigeration System is 2.06\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 1279.07 kg/h\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The work of Compression is 26.13 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "The work of expansion is 17.58 kW\n",
-      "\n",
-      "Net work of the system is 8.55 kW\n",
-      "\n"
-     ]
-    }
-   ],
-   "source": [
-    "print \"Example: 8.10 - Page: 313\\n\\n\"\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution\n",
-    "\n",
-    "#*****Data******#\n",
-    "Q = 5## [tons]\n",
-    "T1 = 253## [Temperature of the working fluid leaving the evaporator, K]\n",
-    "T2 = 303## [Temperature of the working fluid leaving the evaporator, K]\n",
-    "T3 = 303## [K]\n",
-    "Pressure_Ratio = 4#\n",
-    "C = 1.008## [kJ/kg]\n",
-    "gama = 1.4#\n",
-    "#**************\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (a)\n",
-    "T2 = T1*((Pressure_Ratio)**((gama - 1)/gama))## [K]\n",
-    "T2 = T1*(Pressure_Ratio)**((gama - 1)/gama)## [K]\n",
-    "T4 = T3/((Pressure_Ratio)**((gama - 1)/gama))## [K]\n",
-    "COP = T1/(T2 - T1)#\n",
-    "print \"COP of Air Refrigeration System is %.2f\\n\"%(COP)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (b)\n",
-    "mdot = Q*12660/(C*(T1 - T4))## [kg/h]\n",
-    "print \"Mass flow rate of the refrigerant is %.2f kg/h\\n\"%(mdot)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (c)\n",
-    "Wcompression = mdot*C*(T2 - T3)## [kJ/h]\n",
-    "print \"The work of Compression is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Wcompression/3600)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (d)\n",
-    "Wexpansion = mdot*C*(T1 - T4)## [kJ/h]\n",
-    "print \"The work of expansion is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Wexpansion/3600)\n",
-    "\n",
-    "# Solution (e)\n",
-    "Wnet = Wcompression - Wexpansion## [kJ/h]\n",
-    "print \"Net work of the system is %.2f kW\\n\"%(Wnet/3600)#"
-   ]
-  }
- ],
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-   "codemirror_mode": {
-    "name": "ipython",
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