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diff --git a/Industrial_Instrumentation/Chapter_7.ipynb b/Industrial_Instrumentation/Chapter_7.ipynb index f42da02c..4a5cfd38 100644 --- a/Industrial_Instrumentation/Chapter_7.ipynb +++ b/Industrial_Instrumentation/Chapter_7.ipynb @@ -1,567 +1,594 @@ { "metadata": { - "name": "Chapter_7" - }, - "nbformat": 2, + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:7398e89d85008e2cdad3036771199a6877abb82c38f4bdc25b1a999f38a5b0fa" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h1>Chapter 7: Velocity Humidity and Moisture<h1>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.1, Page NUmber: 436<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''calculation of absolute viscosity'''", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "f=2*9.8*10**5 # Force in Dynes", - "A=100.0 # area in cm^2", - "V=20.0 # velocity in m/sec", - "l=10.0 # length in cm", - "", - "#calculation", - "mu=(f/A)/(V/l)", - "mu=mu/1000.0", - "", - "#result", + "\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=2*9.8*10**5 # Force in Dynes\n", + "A=100.0 # area in cm^2\n", + "V=20.0 # velocity in m/sec\n", + "l=10.0 # length in cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "mu=(f/A)/(V/l)\n", + "mu=mu/1000.0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", "print('The absolute viscosity mu = %.1f*10^5 centipoises'%mu)" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The absolute viscosity mu = 9.8*10^5 centipoises" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 4 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.2, Page Number:437<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''calculation of kinematic relative and absolute viscosity'''", - "", - "#(a)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "v=10.0 # absolute viscosity", - "", - "#calculation", - "F=1/v", - "", - "#result", - "print('(a)\\nFluidity = %.1f rhe'%F)", - "", - "#(b)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "mu=10.0 # absolute viscosity", - "rho=0.8 # density in m/cm^3", - "", - "#calculation", - "ve=mu/rho", - "", - "#result", - "print('\\n(b)\\nKinematic viscosity (v)= %.1f cm^2/sec'%ve)", - "", - "", - "#(c)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "ab=1000.0 # absolute viscosity ", - "abwt=1.002 # absolute viscosity of water at 20 deree celcius", - "", - "#calculation", - "rv=ab/abwt", - "", - "#result", - "print('\\n(c)\\nRelative viscosity = %d centipoises'%rv)", - "", - "#(d)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "PAS=10.0", - "", - "#Result", + "\n", + "\n", + "#(a)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=10.0 # absolute viscosity\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "F=1/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print('(a)\\nFluidity = %.1f rhe'%F)\n", + "\n", + "#(b)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "mu=10.0 # absolute viscosity\n", + "rho=0.8 # density in m/cm^3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ve=mu/rho\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print('\\n(b)\\nKinematic viscosity (v)= %.1f cm^2/sec'%ve)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#(c)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ab=1000.0 # absolute viscosity \n", + "abwt=1.002 # absolute viscosity of water at 20 deree celcius\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "rv=ab/abwt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print('\\n(c)\\nRelative viscosity = %d centipoises'%rv)\n", + "\n", + "#(d)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "PAS=10.0\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", "print('\\n(c)\\nAbsolute viscosity = 1000 centipoises =10 poises = 1PAS')" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ - "(a)", - "Fluidity = 0.1 rhe", - "", - "(b)", - "Kinematic viscosity (v)= 12.5 cm^2/sec", - "", - "(c)", - "Relative viscosity = 998 centipoises", - "", - "(c)", + "(a)\n", + "Fluidity = 0.1 rhe\n", + "\n", + "(b)\n", + "Kinematic viscosity (v)= 12.5 cm^2/sec\n", + "\n", + "(c)\n", + "Relative viscosity = 998 centipoises\n", + "\n", + "(c)\n", "Absolute viscosity = 1000 centipoises =10 poises = 1PAS" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 5 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.3, Page Number: 438<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''Absolute viscosity of the Newtonian fluid'''", - "", - "import math", - "#b)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "R=0.5 # radius", - "L=5 # length", - "p_diff=800.0 # pressure difference", - "V=10.0 # volume", - "", - "#calculation", - "mu=(math.pi*R**4)*p_diff/(8*V*L)", - "", - "#result", + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "#b)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=0.5 # radius\n", + "L=5 # length\n", + "p_diff=800.0 # pressure difference\n", + "V=10.0 # volume\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "mu=(math.pi*R**4)*p_diff/(8*V*L)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", "print('(b)\\nmu=%.4f poise =%.2f centipoise'%(mu,mu*100))" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ - "(b)", + "(b)\n", "mu=0.3927 poise =39.27 centipoise" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 6 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.4, Page Number: 439<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''kinematic viscosity and density calculation'''", - "", - "import math ", - "#(a)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "g=980.0 # acceleration due to gravity", - "h=4 # Height", - "R=0.5 # radius", - "V=10.0 # volume ", - "l=5.0 # length ", - "t=1.0", - "", - "#calculation", - "v=(math.pi*g*h*t*R**4)/(8*l*V)", - "", - "#result", - "print('(a)\\n v = %.2f stokes'%v)", - "", - "#calculation", - "mu=0.3925", - "rho=mu/v", - "", - "#result", + "\n", + "\n", + "import math \n", + "#(a)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "g=980.0 # acceleration due to gravity\n", + "h=4 # Height\n", + "R=0.5 # radius\n", + "V=10.0 # volume \n", + "l=5.0 # length \n", + "t=1.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=(math.pi*g*h*t*R**4)/(8*l*V)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print('(a)\\n v = %.2f stokes'%v)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "mu=0.3925\n", + "rho=mu/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", "print('\\n(b)\\n Density of the fluid rho = %.3f gm/cm^3'%rho)" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ - "(a)", - " v = 1.92 stokes", - "", - "(b)", + "(a)\n", + " v = 1.92 stokes\n", + "\n", + "(b)\n", " Density of the fluid rho = 0.204 gm/cm^3" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 7 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.5, Page Number: 440<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''Kinematic Viscosity in Saybolts Universal viscometer'''", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "", - "#(a)", - "A=0.226 # value of A as per equation", - "B=195.0 # value of B as per equation", - "t=60.0 # Efflux time", - "", - "#calcullation", - "v=A*t-B/t", - "A1=0.220", - "B1=135.0", - "t1=140.0", - "v1=A1*t1-B1/t1", - "", - "#result", - "print('(a) Fluid X\\n v = %.2f centipoises'%v)", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "#(a)\n", + "A=0.226 # value of A as per equation\n", + "B=195.0 # value of B as per equation\n", + "t=60.0 # Efflux time\n", + "\n", + "#calcullation\n", + "v=A*t-B/t\n", + "A1=0.220\n", + "B1=135.0\n", + "t1=140.0\n", + "v1=A1*t1-B1/t1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print('(a) Fluid X\\n v = %.2f centipoises'%v)\n", "print('\\n(b)Fluid Y\\n v = %.1f centipoises'%v1)" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ - "(a) Fluid X", - " v = 10.31 centipoises", - "", - "(b)Fluid Y", + "(a) Fluid X\n", + " v = 10.31 centipoises\n", + "\n", + "(b)Fluid Y\n", " v = 29.8 centipoises" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 8 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.6, Page Number: 441<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''calculation of absolute viscosity'''", - "", - "import math", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "t=12.0 # time interval of falling ball in sec ", - "Rsb=7.0 # Specific gravity of ball", - "Rsf=1.12 # Specific gravity of fluid", - "B=1.5 # Ball constant in centipoises", - "", - "#calculation", - "mu=t*(Rsb-Rsf)*B", - "", - "#result", + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "t=12.0 # time interval of falling ball in sec \n", + "Rsb=7.0 # Specific gravity of ball\n", + "Rsf=1.12 # Specific gravity of fluid\n", + "B=1.5 # Ball constant in centipoises\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "mu=t*(Rsb-Rsf)*B\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", "print('mu= %.2f centipoises = %d centipoises(approx)'%(mu,math.ceil(mu)))" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "mu= 105.84 centipoises = 106 centipoises(approx)" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 9 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.7, Page Number: 441<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''calculation of relative humidity'''", - "", - "#(a)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "B=45.0 # dry bulb temperature", - "W=25.0 # wet bulb temperature", - "", - "#result", - "print('\\n(b)\\nPsychromatic differential : %d\u00b0C'%(B-W))", - "print('\\n Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to')", - "print(' \\ntemperature 45\u00b0C and psychromatic differential 20\u00b0C')", - "", - "#(b)", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "B1=30.0 # dry bulb temperature", - "W1=27.0 # wet bulb temperature", - "", - "#result", - "print('\\n(b)\\nPsychromatic differential : %d\u00b0C'%(B1-W1))", - "print('\\n Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to')", + "\n", + "\n", + "#(a)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=45.0 # dry bulb temperature\n", + "W=25.0 # wet bulb temperature\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print('\\n(b)\\nPsychromatic differential : %d\u00b0C'%(B-W))\n", + "print('\\n Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to')\n", + "print(' \\ntemperature 45\u00b0C and psychromatic differential 20\u00b0C')\n", + "\n", + "#(b)\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "B1=30.0 # dry bulb temperature\n", + "W1=27.0 # wet bulb temperature\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print('\\n(b)\\nPsychromatic differential : %d\u00b0C'%(B1-W1))\n", + "print('\\n Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to')\n", "print(' \\ntemperature 30\u00b0C and psychromatic differential 3\u00b0C')" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ - "", - "(b)", - "Psychromatic differential : 20\u00b0C", - "", - " Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to", - " ", - "temperature 45\u00b0C and psychromatic differential 20\u00b0C", - "", - "(b)", - "Psychromatic differential : 3\u00b0C", - "", - " Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to", - " ", + "\n", + "(b)\n", + "Psychromatic differential : 20\u00b0C\n", + "\n", + " Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to\n", + " \n", + "temperature 45\u00b0C and psychromatic differential 20\u00b0C\n", + "\n", + "(b)\n", + "Psychromatic differential : 3\u00b0C\n", + "\n", + " Relative humidity is 80%% corresponding to\n", + " \n", "temperature 30\u00b0C and psychromatic differential 3\u00b0C" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 10 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.8, Page Number: 441<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''calculation of Relative Humidity dew point and moisture content'''", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "D=80.0 # intersection point of DB temperature", - "W=66.5 # intersection point of WB temperature", - "", - "#Result", - "", - "#(a)", - "print('(a)\\nThe intersection point of DB temperature 80\u00b0F and WB temperature 66.5\u00b0F')", - "print(' \\nlines on the relative humidity curve for 50%.\\n RH = 50%')", - "", - "#(b)", - "print('\\n(b)\\nFrom the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves, move left')", - "print(' \\nhorizontally to the dew point temperature curve where it meets at 60\u00b0F')", - "print('\\nDew Point = 60\u00b0F')", - "", - "#(c)", - "print('\\n(c)\\nFrom the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves,')", - "print('\\nhorizontally to the right to the moisture content plot where it meets at 76.')", + "\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "D=80.0 # intersection point of DB temperature\n", + "W=66.5 # intersection point of WB temperature\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "#(a)\n", + "print('(a)\\nThe intersection point of DB temperature 80\u00b0F and WB temperature 66.5\u00b0F')\n", + "print(' \\nlines on the relative humidity curve for 50%.\\n RH = 50%')\n", + "\n", + "#(b)\n", + "print('\\n(b)\\nFrom the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves, move left')\n", + "print(' \\nhorizontally to the dew point temperature curve where it meets at 60\u00b0F')\n", + "print('\\nDew Point = 60\u00b0F')\n", + "\n", + "#(c)\n", + "print('\\n(c)\\nFrom the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves,')\n", + "print('\\nhorizontally to the right to the moisture content plot where it meets at 76.')\n", "print('\\nMoisture Content : 76 grains of water per pound of dry air.')" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ - "(a)", - "The intersection point of DB temperature 80\u00b0F and WB temperature 66.5\u00b0F", - " ", - "lines on the relative humidity curve for 50%.", - " RH = 50%", - "", - "(b)", - "From the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves, move left", - " ", - "horizontally to the dew point temperature curve where it meets at 60\u00b0F", - "", - "Dew Point = 60\u00b0F", - "", - "(c)", - "From the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves,", - "", - "horizontally to the right to the moisture content plot where it meets at 76.", - "", + "(a)\n", + "The intersection point of DB temperature 80\u00b0F and WB temperature 66.5\u00b0F\n", + " \n", + "lines on the relative humidity curve for 50%.\n", + " RH = 50%\n", + "\n", + "(b)\n", + "From the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves, move left\n", + " \n", + "horizontally to the dew point temperature curve where it meets at 60\u00b0F\n", + "\n", + "Dew Point = 60\u00b0F\n", + "\n", + "(c)\n", + "From the point of intersection of the dry and wet bulb curves,\n", + "\n", + "horizontally to the right to the moisture content plot where it meets at 76.\n", + "\n", "Moisture Content : 76 grains of water per pound of dry air." ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 11 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.9, Page Number: 442<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''calculation of relative humidity'''", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "wt_vap=500.0 # Amount of water vapour present", - "wt_vap_to_sat=1500.0 # Amount of water vapour added to saturate", - "", - "#calculation", - "total=wt_vap+wt_vap_to_sat", - "Rh=(wt_vap/total)*100", - "", - "#result", + "\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "wt_vap=500.0 # Amount of water vapour present\n", + "wt_vap_to_sat=1500.0 # Amount of water vapour added to saturate\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "total=wt_vap+wt_vap_to_sat\n", + "Rh=(wt_vap/total)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", "print('RH = %d%%'%Rh)" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "RH = 25%" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 12 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.10, Page Number: 442<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''percentage relative humidity'''", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "pv=30.0 # partial pressure of water vapour", - "ps=60.0 # Saturation partial pressure ", - "", - "#calculations", - "Rh=(pv/ps)*100", - "", - "#Result", + "\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "pv=30.0 # partial pressure of water vapour\n", + "ps=60.0 # Saturation partial pressure \n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Rh=(pv/ps)*100\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", "print('%%RH = %d%%'%Rh)" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "%RH = 50%" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 13 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.11, Page Number: 442<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''percentage increase in moisture content'''", - "", - "#variable declaration", - "i1=250.0 # ionazation current ", - "i2=350.0 # ionazation current ", - "", - "#calculation", - "m=(i2-i1)*100/i1", - "", - "#result", + "\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=250.0 # ionazation current \n", + "i2=350.0 # ionazation current \n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "m=(i2-i1)*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", "print('%% increase in moisture content = %d%%'%m)" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "% increase in moisture content = 40%" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 14 - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "markdown", + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, "source": [ "<h3>Example 7.12, Page Number: 443<h3>" ] - }, + }, { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, "input": [ - "'''calculation of moisture content'''", - "", - "#variable declaraton", - "i2=150.0 # wet weight", - "i1=125.0 # dry weight", - "", - "#calculation", - "m=(i2-i1)*100/i1", - "", - "#result", + "\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaraton\n", + "i2=150.0 # wet weight\n", + "i1=125.0 # dry weight\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "m=(i2-i1)*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", "print('Moisture percentage = %d%%'%m)" - ], - "language": "python", + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Moisture percentage = 20%" ] } - ], + ], "prompt_number": 15 } - ] + ], + "metadata": {} } ] }
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