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Diffstat (limited to 'Heat_And_Thermodynamics/ch7.ipynb')
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diff --git a/Heat_And_Thermodynamics/ch7.ipynb b/Heat_And_Thermodynamics/ch7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..05fb5d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/Heat_And_Thermodynamics/ch7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7 : The joule thomson cooling efect" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.1 page no : 239" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "t = 33.18;\t\t\t#critical temperature in K\n", + "pc = 12.80*76*981*13.6;\t\t\t#critical pressure in dynes/sq.cm\n", + "r = 83.15;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in kj/kg.K\n", + "d = 0.08987;\t\t\t#density of hydrogen in gm/lit\n", + "v = 2000/0.08987;\t\t\t#gram molecular volune of hydrogen in cc\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "b = r*10**6*t/(8*pc);\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**3/mol\n", + "to = 2*27*t*(1-(b/v))/8;\t\t\t#inversion temperature of the hydrogen in K\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print 'the inversion temperature of hydrogen is %3.2f K'%(to)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the inversion temperature of hydrogen is 223.70 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2 pageno : 240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 0.00136;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in suv/gm\n", + "a = 0.011;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in atm(suv)**2/gm**2\n", + "r = 0.003696;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in atm(suv)/gm.deg\n", + "t = 423;\t\t\t#temperature of steam in K\n", + "cp = -0.674/0.024205;\t\t\t#specific heat at 423K in atm(cc)gm(deg)\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "dt = (-b+(2*a/(r*t)))/cp;\t\t\t#change of temperature per atm drop of pressure in deg/atm\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print 'the change of temperature per atmosphere drop of pressure is %3.7f deg/atm'%(dt)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the change of temperature per atmosphere drop of pressure is -0.0004565 deg/atm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.3 pageno : 241" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r = 8.3*10**7;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in ergs/deg.C\n", + "a = 1.36*10**6*76*13.6*981;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in atm.(suv**2)/(gm**2)\n", + "b = 32;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cc\n", + "cp = 7.03;\t\t\t#specific heat at constant pressure in cal\n", + "j = 4.18*10**7;\t\t\t#joules constant in ergs/cal\n", + "t = 273;\t\t\t#temperature of the gas in K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "dt = ((2*a/(r*t))-b)*10**6/(cp*j);\t\t\t#change of temperature in atmosphere drop of pressure in deg/atm/cm**3\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print 'the change of temperature in atmosphere drop of pressure is %3.2f deg C/atm/cm**2'%(dt)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the change of temperature in atmosphere drop of pressure is 0.31 deg C/atm/cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.4 pageno : 241" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "u = 1.08;\n", + "cp = 8.6;\t \t \t#specific heat in kj/kg.K\n", + "j = 4.2;\t\t \t #joules constant in j/cal\n", + "p1 = 1*1.013*10**6;\t\t\t #pressure at intial in N/sq.m\n", + "p2 = 20*1.013*10**6;\t\t\t#pressure at final in N/sq.m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "dh = -u*cp*j*(p1-p2);\t\t\t#change in enthalpy in joules\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print 'the change in enthalpy is %3.3e joules'%(dh)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the change in enthalpy is 7.508e+08 joules\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5 pageno : 241" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "tc = 5.26;\t\t\t#critical temperature of the helium in K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "ti = 27*tc/4;\t\t\t#inversion temperature of the helium in K\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print 'the inversion temperature of the helium is %3.2f K'%(ti)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the inversion temperature of the helium is 35.50 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.6 pageno : 241" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 0.245*10**6*10**6;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**4.dyne/mole**2\n", + "b = 2.67*10;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cc/mole\n", + "r = 2*4.2*10**7;\t\t\t#universal gas constant in ergs/mole.K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "ti = 2*a/(b*r);\t\t\t#inversion temperature in K\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print 'inversion temperature of hydrogen is %.f K'%(round(ti,-1))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "inversion temperature of hydrogen is 220 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.7 pageno : 242" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "dp = 50*10**6;\t\t\t#change in pressure in dynes/sq.cm\n", + "cp = 7*4.2*10**7;\t\t\t#specific heat constant pressure in ergs/mole.K\n", + "a = 1.32*10**12;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**4.dyne/mole**2\n", + "b = 31.2;\t\t\t#vanderwaal constant in cm**2/mole\n", + "t = 300;\t\t\t#inital temperature in K\n", + "r = 2*4.2*10**7;\t\t\t#ergs/mole.K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "dt = ((2*a/(r*t))-b)*dp/cp;\t\t\t#change in temperature in K\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print 'the change in temperature is %3.1f K'%(dt)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the change in temperature is 12.5 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.8 pageno : 242" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p1 = 1.;\t\t\t #inital pressure in atm\n", + "p2 = 51.; \t\t\t#final pressure in atm\n", + "t1 = 300.;\t \t\t#inital temperature in K\n", + "y = 1.4;\t\t \t#coefficient of expansion\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "t2 = t1*(p2/p1)**((1-y)/y);\t\t\t#final temperature in K\n", + "dt = t1-t2;\t \t\t#drop in temperature in K\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print 'the drop in temperature is %3.2f K'%(dt)\n", + "print \"Note : answer is slightly different because of rounding error\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the drop in temperature is 202.45 K\n", + "Note : answer is slightly different because of rounding error\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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