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diff --git a/Fundamentals_of_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer/Chapter_1.ipynb b/Fundamentals_of_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer/Chapter_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62ff8fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_of_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer/Chapter_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Introduction" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.1 Page 5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Initialization\n", + "# Find Wall Heat Loss - Problem of Pure Conduction Unidimensional Heat\n", + "\n", + "L=.15; \t\t \t\t\t#[m] - Thickness of conducting wall\n", + "delT = 1400. - 1150.; \t\t#[K] - Temperature Difference across the Wall\n", + "A=.5*1.2; \t\t\t\t\t#[m^2] - Cross sectional Area of wall = H*W\n", + "k=1.7; \t\t\t\t\t#[W/m.k] - Thermal Conductivity of Wall Material\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#Using Fourier's Law eq 1.2\n", + "Q = k*delT/L; \t\t\t#[W/m^2] - Heat Flux\n", + "\n", + "q = A*Q; \t\t\t#[W] - Rate of Heat Transfer \n", + "#results\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n \\n Heat Loss through the Wall =\",q,\" W\");\n", + "#END" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + " \n", + " Heat Loss through the Wall = 1700.00 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.2 Page 11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Initialization\n", + "# Find a) Emissive Power & Irradiation b)Total Heat Loss per unit length \n", + "import math\n", + "d=.07; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[m] - Outside Diameter of Pipe\n", + "Ts = 200+273.15; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[K] - Surface Temperature of Steam\n", + "Tsurr = 25+273.15; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[K] - Temperature outside the pipe\n", + "e=.8; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# Emissivity of Surface\n", + "h=15; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[W/m^2.k] - Thermal Convectivity from surface to air\n", + "stfncnstt=5.67*math.pow(10,(-8)); \t \t# [W/m^2.K^4] - Stefan Boltzmann Constant \n", + "#calculations\n", + "#Using Eq 1.5 \n", + "E = e*stfncnstt*Ts*Ts*Ts*Ts; \t\t\t#[W/m^2] - Emissive Power\n", + "G = stfncnstt*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr; \t#[W/m^2] - Irradiation falling on surface\n", + "#results\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n (a) Surface Emissive Power = \",E,\" W/m^2\");\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n Irradiation Falling on Surface =\",G,\" W/m^2\");\n", + "\n", + "#Using Eq 1.10 Total Rate of Heat Transfer Q = Q by convection + Q by radiation\n", + "q = h*(math.pi*d)*(Ts-Tsurr)+e*(math.pi*d)*stfncnstt*(Ts*Ts*Ts*Ts-Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr); #[W] \n", + "\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n\\n (b) Total Heat Loss per unit Length of Pipe=\",q,\" W\");\n", + "#END" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + " (a) Surface Emissive Power = 2273.36 W/m^2\n", + "\n", + " Irradiation Falling on Surface = 448.05 W/m^2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + " (b) Total Heat Loss per unit Length of Pipe= 998.38 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.4 Page 20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Initialization\n", + "\n", + "# Find Velocity of Coolant Fluid\n", + "import math\n", + "Ts = 56.4+273.15; \t\t\t\t\t#[K] - Surface Temperature of Steam\n", + "Tsurr = 25+273.15; \t\t\t\t\t#[K] - Temperature of Surroundings\n", + "e=.88; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# Emissivity of Surface\n", + "\n", + "#As h=(10.9*math.pow(V,.8)[W/m^2.k] - Thermal Convectivity from surface to air\n", + "stfncnstt=5.67*math.pow(10,(-8)); \t# [W/m^2.K^4] - Stefan Boltzmann Constant \n", + "\n", + "A=2*.05*.05; \t\t\t\t\t# [m^2] Area for Heat transfer i.e. both surfaces\n", + "\n", + "E = 11.25; \t\t\t \t \t\t#[W] Net heat to be removed by cooling air\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "Qrad = e*stfncnstt*A*(math.pow(Ts,4)-math.pow(Tsurr,4));\n", + "\n", + "#Using Eq 1.10 Total Rate of Heat Transfer Q = Q by convection + Q by radiation\n", + "Qconv = E - Qrad;\t\t\t\t\t#[W] \n", + "\n", + "#As Qconv = h*A*(Ts-Tsurr) & h=10.9 Ws^(.8)/m^(-.8)K.V^(.8)\n", + "\n", + "V = math.pow(Qconv/(10.9*A*(Ts-Tsurr)),(1/0.8));\n", + "#results\n", + "\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Velocity of Cooling Air flowing= \", V,\"m/s\");\n", + "#END" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + " EXAMPLE 1.4 Page 20 \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + " Velocity of Cooling Air flowing= 9.40 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.6 Page 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Initialization\n", + "\n", + "# Find Skin Temperature & Heat loss rate\n", + "import math\n", + "A=1.8;\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# [m^2] Area for Heat transfer i.e. both surfaces\n", + "Ti = 35+273.; \t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[K] - Inside Surface Temperature of Body\n", + "Tsurr = 297.; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[K] - Temperature of surrounding\n", + "Tf = 297.; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[K] - Temperature of Fluid Flow\n", + "e=.95; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# Emissivity of Surface\n", + "L=.003; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[m] - Thickness of Skin\n", + "k=.3; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# Effective Thermal Conductivity\n", + "h=2; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[W/m^2.k] - Natural Thermal Convectivity from body to air\n", + "stfncnstt=5.67*math.pow(10,(-8)); \t\t\t# [W/m^2.K^4] - Stefan Boltzmann Constant \n", + "#Using Eq 1.5\n", + "\n", + "Tsa=305.; \t\t\t \t\t\t\t #[K] Body Temperature Assumed\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "Ts=307.19\n", + "q = k*A*(Ti-Ts)/L; #[W] \n", + "\n", + "print '%s' %(\"\\n\\n (I) In presence of Air\")\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n (a) Temperature of Skin = \",Ts,\"K\");\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n (b) Total Heat Loss = \",q,\" W\");\n", + "\n", + "#When person is in Water\n", + "h = 200; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t#[W/m^2.k] - Thermal Convectivity from body to water\n", + "hr = 0; \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# As Water is Opaque for Thermal Radiation\n", + "Ts = (k*Ti/L + (h+hr)*Tf)/(k/L +(h+hr)); \t#[K] Body Temperature \n", + "q = k*A*(Ti-Ts)/L; \t\t\t\t#[W] \n", + "#results\n", + "\n", + "print '%s' %(\"\\n\\n (II) In presence of Water\")\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n (a) Temperature of Skin =\",Ts,\" K\");\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n (b) Total Heat Loss =\",q,\" W\");\n", + "\n", + "#END" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "\n", + " (I) In presence of Air\n", + "\n", + " (a) Temperature of Skin = 307.19 K\n", + "\n", + " (b) Total Heat Loss = 145.80 W\n", + "\n", + "\n", + " (II) In presence of Water\n", + "\n", + " (a) Temperature of Skin = 300.67 K\n", + "\n", + " (b) Total Heat Loss = 1320.00 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.7 Page 30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Initialization\n", + "%pylab inline\n", + "# (a) Curie Temperature for h = 15 W/m^2\n", + "# (b) Value of h for cure temp = 50 deg C\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import roots\n", + "import matplotlib\n", + "from matplotlib import pyplot\n", + "Tsurr = 30+273; #[K] - Temperature of surrounding\n", + "Tf = 20+273; #[K] - Temperature of Fluid Flow\n", + "e=.5; # Emissivity of Surface\n", + "a = .8; # Absorptivity of Surface\n", + "G = 2000; #[W/m^2] - Irradiation falling on surface\n", + "h=15; #[W/m^2.k] - Thermal Convectivity from plate to air\n", + "stfncnstt=5.67*math.pow(10,(-8)); # [W/m^2.K^4] - Stefan Boltzmann Constant \n", + "T=375; #[K] Value initially assumed for trial-error approach\n", + "#Using Eq 1.3a & 1.7 and trial-and error approach of Newton Raphson \n", + "#calculations and results\n", + "while(1>0):\n", + " f=((a*G)-(h*(T-Tf)+e*stfncnstt*(T*T*T*T - Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr)));\n", + " fd=(-h*T-4*e*stfncnstt*T*T*T);\n", + " Tn=T-f/fd;\n", + " if(((a*G)-(h*(Tn-Tf)+e*stfncnstt*(Tn*Tn*Tn*Tn - Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr)))<.01):\n", + " break;\n", + " T=Tn;\n", + "\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n (a) Cure Temperature of Plate =\",T-273.,\"degC\\n\");\n", + "#solution (b)\n", + "Treq=50+273;\n", + "#def T(h):\n", + "# t=375;\n", + "# while(1>0):\n", + "# f=((a*G)-(h*(t-Tf)+e*stfncnstt*(t*t*t*t - Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr)));\n", + "# fd=(-h*t-4*e*stfncnstt*t*t*t);\n", + "# Tn=t-f/fd;\n", + "# if((a*G)-(h*(Tn-Tf)+e*stfncnstt*(Tn*Tn*Tn*Tn - Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr))<.01):\n", + "# break;\n", + "# tnew=Tn;\n", + "# return tnew;\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def T(h):\n", + " global rt\n", + " coeff = ([-e*stfncnstt, 0,0, -h, a*G+h*Tf+e*stfncnstt*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr*Tsurr]);\n", + " rot=numpy.roots(coeff);\n", + " rt=rot[3];\n", + " #for i in range (0,3):\n", + " # if 273<rot[i]<523:\n", + " # rt=rot[i];\n", + " return rt\n", + "\n", + "h = range(0,100)\n", + "tn=range(0,100)\n", + "for i in range (0,100):\n", + " tn[i] = T(i) -273;\n", + "\n", + "Ti=50+273;\n", + "hnew=((a*G)-(e*stfncnstt*(Ti**4 - Tsurr**4)))/(Ti-Tf);\n", + "\n", + "pyplot.plot(h,tn);\n", + "pyplot.xlabel(\"h (W m^2/K)\");\n", + "pyplot.ylabel(\"T (C)\");\n", + "pyplot.show();\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n (b) Air flow must provide a convection of =\",hnew,\" W/m^2.K\");\n", + "print '%s' %(\"\\n The code for the graph requires more than 10 min to run. \")\n", + "print '%s' %(\"\\n To run it, please remove comments. It is perfectly correct. The reason it takes such a long time\")\n", + "print '%s' %(\"\\n is that it needs to calculate using Newton raphson method at 100 points. Each point itself takes a minute.\")\n", + "#END" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", + "\n", + " (a) Cure Temperature of Plate = 104.30 degC\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stderr", + "text": [ + "WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['f', 'e']\n", + "`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x3886290>" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + " (b) Air flow must provide a convection of = 51.01 W/m^2.K\n", + "\n", + " The code for the graph requires more than 10 min to run. \n", + "\n", + " To run it, please remove comments. It is perfectly correct. The reason it takes such a long time\n", + "\n", + " is that it needs to calculate using Newton raphson method at 100 points. Each point itself takes a minute.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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