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diff --git a/Engineering_Physics_by_Shyam_Singh_and_Rajeev_Singh/Chapter8.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics_by_Shyam_Singh_and_Rajeev_Singh/Chapter8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..33dc3ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/Engineering_Physics_by_Shyam_Singh_and_Rajeev_Singh/Chapter8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,262 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:be9a21f00f98f6eae4cb352ab1396adae89de508dceae8166d48e690d1fe887a"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "8: X-Rays"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 8.1, Page number 210"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "theta = 15; #angle of reflection(degrees)\n",
+ "d = 2.5; #atomic spacing(angstrom)\n",
+ "n = 1; #first order\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d = d*10**-10; #atomic spacing(m)\n",
+ "theta = theta*math.pi/180; #angle of reflection(radian)\n",
+ "lamda = 2*d*math.sin(theta)/n; #wavelength of X-rays(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lamda/1e-10,3),\"*10**-10 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "wavelength of X-rays is 1.294 *10**-10 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 8.2, Page number 211"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "two_theta = 20; #angle of reflection(degrees)\n",
+ "d = 2.82; #atomic spacing(angstrom)\n",
+ "n = 1; #first order\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "theta = two_theta/2;\n",
+ "theta = theta*math.pi/180; #angle of reflection(radian)\n",
+ "lamda = 2*d*math.sin(theta)/n; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n",
+ "lamda = math.ceil(lamda*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off to 4 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",lamda,\"angstrom\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "wavelength of X-rays is 0.9794 angstrom\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 8.3, Page number 211"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "lamda = 10; #wavelength(pm)\n",
+ "phi = 45; #scattering angle(degrees)\n",
+ "h = 6.62*10**-34; #planck's constant(m**2 kg/s)\n",
+ "m0 = 9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n",
+ "ev = 6.24*10**18; #conversion factor from J to eV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "phi = phi*math.pi/180; #scattering angle(radian)\n",
+ "a = h/(m0*c); #value of constant(m)\n",
+ "a = a*10**12; #value of constant(pm)\n",
+ "lamda_dash = lamda+(a*(1-math.cos(phi))); #wavelength of X-rays(pm)\n",
+ "lamda_dash = math.ceil(lamda_dash*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n",
+ "lamdadash = lamda+(2*a); #maximum wavelength of scattered x-rays(pm)\n",
+ "lamdadash = math.ceil(lamdadash*10)/10; #rounding off to 1 decimal\n",
+ "KE = h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamdadash))/(10**-12); #maximum kinetic energy(J)\n",
+ "KE = KE*ev; #maximum kinetic energy(eV)\n",
+ "KE = KE*10**-3; #maximum kinetic energy(KeV)\n",
+ "KE = math.ceil(KE*10)/10; #rounding off to 1 decimal\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"wavelength of X-rays scattered is\",lamda_dash,\"pm\"\n",
+ "print \"maximum wavelength of scattered x-rays is\",lamdadash,\"pm\"\n",
+ "print \"maximum kinetic energy is\",KE,\"KeV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "wavelength of X-rays scattered is 10.72 pm\n",
+ "maximum wavelength of scattered x-rays is 14.9 pm\n",
+ "maximum kinetic energy is 40.8 KeV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 8.4, Page number 212"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "h = 6.62*10**-34; #planck's constant(m**2 kg/s)\n",
+ "m0 = 9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n",
+ "phi = 180; #scattering angle(degrees)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "phi = phi*math.pi/180; #scattering angle(radian)\n",
+ "a = h/(m0*c); #value of constant(m)\n",
+ "a = a*10**10; #value of constant(angstrom)\n",
+ "delta_lamda = a*(1-math.cos(phi)); #change in wavelength(angstrom)\n",
+ "delta_lamda = math.ceil(delta_lamda*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off to 4 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"change in wavelength of photon is\",delta_lamda,\"angstrom\"\n",
+ "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "change in wavelength of photon is 0.0485 angstrom\n",
+ "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 8.5, Page number 212"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "h = 6.62*10**-34; #planck's constant(m**2 kg/s)\n",
+ "m0 = 9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n",
+ "phi = 90; #scattering angle(degrees)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "phi = phi*math.pi/180; #scattering angle(radian)\n",
+ "a = h/(m0*c); #value of constant(m)\n",
+ "a = a*10**10; #value of constant(angstrom)\n",
+ "lamda = a*(1-math.cos(phi)); #wavelength(angstrom)\n",
+ "lamda = math.ceil(lamda*10**5)/10**5; #rounding off to 5 decimals\n",
+ "E = h*c/(lamda*10**-10); #energy of photon(J)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"wavelength of the photon is\",lamda,\"angstrom\"\n",
+ "print \"energy of the incident photon is\",round(E/1e-14,4),\"*10**-14 J\"\n",
+ "print \"answer for energy of incident photon is wrong in the book\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "wavelength of the photon is 0.02425 angstrom\n",
+ "energy of the incident photon is 8.1897 *10**-14 J\n",
+ "answer for energy of incident photon is wrong in the book\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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