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diff --git a/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter10_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter10_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..155135db --- /dev/null +++ b/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter10_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,788 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 10: Dielectric Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.1, Page number 276" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "relative permittivity is 5.86\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "P=4.3*10**-8; #polarisation(per cm**2)\n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "E=1000; #electric field(V/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "epsilonr=1+(P/(epsilon0*E)); #relative permittivity\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"relative permittivity is\",round(epsilonr,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.2, Page number 276" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electric displacement is 36 *10**-6 C/m**2\n", + "polarisation is 27 *10**-6 C/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=4;\n", + "epsilon0=9*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "E=10**6; #electric field(V/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "D=k*epsilon0*E; #electric displacement(C/m**2)\n", + "P=epsilon0*E*(k-1); #polarisation(C/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"electric displacement is\",int(D*10**6),\"*10**-6 C/m**2\"\n", + "print \"polarisation is\",int(P*10**6),\"*10**-6 C/m**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.3, Page number 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electric field is 0.113 N/C\n", + "polarisation is 4e-12 C/m**2\n", + "induced dipole moment is 2e-18 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=5;\n", + "epsilon0=8.86*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "D=5*10**-12; #electric displacement(C/m**2)\n", + "V=0.5*10**-6;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=D/(k*epsilon0); #electric field(N/C)\n", + "P=D*(1-(1/k)); #polarisation(C/m**2)\n", + "dm=P*V; #induced dipole moment(cm)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"electric field is\",round(E,3),\"N/C\"\n", + "print \"polarisation is\",P,\"C/m**2\"\n", + "print \"induced dipole moment is\",dm,\"cm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.4, Page number 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dipole moment is 2.43 *10**-41 coul x metre\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=1.000074;\n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "E=1; #electric field(N/C)\n", + "n=2.69*10**25; #molecular density\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "p=epsilon0*E*(k-1)/n; #dipole moment(coulx metre)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dipole moment is\",round(p*10**41,2),\"*10**-41 coul x metre\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.5, Page number 278" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dipole moment is 3.97 *10**-36 coul-metre\n", + "atomic polarizability is 4.4 *10**-41 coul-m**2/volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=1.000134;\n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "E=90000; #electric field(N/C)\n", + "N=6.023*10**26; #avagadro number\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "n=N/22.4;\n", + "p=epsilon0*E*(k-1)/n; #dipole moment(coul-metre)\n", + "alpha=p/E; #atomic polarizability(coul-m**2/volt)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dipole moment is\",round(p*10**36,2),\"*10**-36 coul-metre\"\n", + "print \"atomic polarizability is\",round(alpha*10**41,1),\"*10**-41 coul-m**2/volt\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.6, Page number 278" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electric field is 1.43 *10**3 volt/m\n", + "electric displacement is 8.9e-08 C/m**2\n", + "dipole moment is 7.6 *10**-8 C/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=7;\n", + "epsilon0=8.9*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "V0=100; #potential difference(V)\n", + "d=10**-2; #displacement(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E0=V0/d; #electric field intensity(volt/m)\n", + "E=E0/k; #electric field(N/C)\n", + "D=k*E*epsilon0; #electric displacement(C/m**2)\n", + "p=epsilon0*E*(k-1); #dipole moment(coul-metre)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"electric field is\",round(E/10**3,2),\"*10**3 volt/m\"\n", + "print \"electric displacement is\",D,\"C/m**2\"\n", + "print \"dipole moment is\",round(p*10**8,1),\"*10**-8 C/m**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.7, Page number 279" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dielectric constant is 5.0\n", + "permittivity is 44.25 *10**-12 coul**2/nt-m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "chi=35.4*10**-12; #electric susceptibility(coul**2/nt-m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "k=1+(chi/epsilon0); #dielectric constant\n", + "epsilon=epsilon0*k; #permittivity(coul**2/nt-m**2) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dielectric constant is\",k\n", + "print \"permittivity is\",round(epsilon*10**12,2),\"*10**-12 coul**2/nt-m**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.8, Page number 279" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dipole moment is 2.4437 *10**-41 C/m**2\n", + "answer in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "E=100; #electric field(N/C)\n", + "epsilonr=1.000074; #dielectric constant\n", + "n=2.68*10**27; #density\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "p=epsilon0*E*(epsilonr-1)/n; #dipole moment(coul-metre)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dipole moment is\",round(p*10**41,4),\"*10**-41 C/m**2\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.9, Page number 287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electronic polarizability is 1.6557 *10**-41 Fm**2\n", + "relative permittivity is 1.0018\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "R=0.053*10**-9; #radius(nm)\n", + "N=9.8*10**26; #number of atoms\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "alphae=4*math.pi*epsilon0*R**3; #electronic polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "epsilonr=1+(4*math.pi*N*R**3); #relative permittivity\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"electronic polarizability is\",round(alphae*10**41,4),\"*10**-41 Fm**2\"\n", + "print \"relative permittivity is\",round(epsilonr,4)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.10, Page number 288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electronic polarizability is 2.242e-41 Fm**2\n", + "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "epsilonr=1.0000684; #dielectric constant\n", + "N=2.7*10**25; #number of atoms\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; #electronic polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"electronic polarizability is\",alphae,\"Fm**2\"\n", + "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.11, Page number 288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dielectric constant is 1.339\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.854*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "alphae=10**-40; #dielectric polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "N=3*10**28; #number of atoms\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "epsilonr=1+(N*alphae/epsilon0); #dielectric constant\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dielectric constant is\",round(epsilonr,3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.12, Page number 288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electronic polarizability is 7.9 *10**-40 Fm**2\n", + "answer in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #relative permeability(F/m)\n", + "epsilonr=1.0024; #dielectric constant\n", + "N=2.7*10**25; #number of atoms\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; #electronic polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"electronic polarizability is\",round(alphae*10**40,1),\"*10**-40 Fm**2\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.13, Page number 289" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "radius of electron cloud is 5.86 *10**-11 m\n", + "displacement is 6.99987 *10**-17 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilonr=1.0000684; #dielectric constant\n", + "N=2.7*10**25; #number of atoms\n", + "X=1/(9*10**9);\n", + "E=10**6; #electric field(V/m)\n", + "Z=2; #atomic number\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #electron charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "R=((epsilonr-1)/(4*math.pi*N))**(1/3); #radius of electron cloud(m)\n", + "x=X*E*R**3/(Z*e); #displacement(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"radius of electron cloud is\",round(R*10**11,2),\"*10**-11 m\"\n", + "print \"displacement is\",round(x*10**17,5),\"*10**-17 m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.14, Page number 293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dielectric constant is 1.38\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #dielectric constant\n", + "N=3*10**28; #number of atoms\n", + "alphae=10**-40; #dielectric polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x=N*alphae/(3*epsilon0);\n", + "epsilonr=(1+(2*x))/(1-x); #dielectric constant\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dielectric constant is\",round(epsilonr,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.15, Page number 294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dielectric constant is 3.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #dielectric constant\n", + "Na=6.023*10**26; #number of atoms\n", + "M=32; #atomic mass\n", + "alphae=3.28*10**-40; #dielectric polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "rho=2.08*10**3; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x=Na*rho*alphae/(M*3*epsilon0);\n", + "epsilonr=(1+(2*x))/(1-x); #dielectric constant\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dielectric constant is\",round(epsilonr,1)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.16, Page number 294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electronic polarizability is 3.29 *10**-40 Fm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; #dielectric constant\n", + "Na=6.02*10**26; #number of atoms\n", + "epsilonr=3.75; #dielectric constant\n", + "M=32; #atomic mass\n", + "rho=2050; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "gama=1/3; #internal field constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "N=Na*rho/M; #number of atoms\n", + "alphae=((epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+2))*(3*epsilon0/N); #electronic polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"electronic polarizability is\",round(alphae*10**40,2),\"*10**-40 Fm**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.17, Page number 295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio between electronic and ionic polarizability is 1.738\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilonr=4.94; #dielectric constant\n", + "n2=2.69;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x=(epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+2);\n", + "y=(n2-1)/(n2+2);\n", + "alpha=1/((x/y)-1); #ratio between electronic and ionic polarizability\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"ratio between electronic and ionic polarizability is\",round(alpha,3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10.18, Page number 296" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "percentage of ionic polarizability is 51.4 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "epsilonr=5.6; #dielectric constant\n", + "n=1.5;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x=(epsilonr+2)/(epsilonr-1);\n", + "y=(n**2-1)/(n**2+2);\n", + "alpha=(1-(x*y))*100; #percentage of ionic polarizability\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"percentage of ionic polarizability is\",round(alpha,1),\"%\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |