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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:6c9d1e462fb51d212d5e8b8f597a34ef40452b9332c91d54e15e6a4dccd85074"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Dielectric materials"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 11.1, Page number 335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "epsilon_0=8.854*10**-12;\n",
+ "A=10*10*10**-6; #area of capacitor in m^2\n",
+ "d=2*10**-3; #distance of seperation in m\n",
+ "C=10**-9; #capacitance in F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "epsilon_r=(C*d)/(epsilon_0*A);\n",
+ "epsilon_r=math.ceil(epsilon_r*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"dielectric constant of material is\",epsilon_r);\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "('dielectric constant of material is', 2258.87)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 11.2, Page number 335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "epsilon_0=8.854*10**-12;\n",
+ "epsilon_r=1.0000684; #dielectric constant of He gas\n",
+ "N=2.7*10**25; #concentration of dipoles per m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#alpha_e=P/(N*E) and P=epsilon_0(epsilon_r-1)*E\n",
+ "#therefore alpha_e=epsilon_0(epsilon_r-1)/N\n",
+ "alpha_e=(epsilon_0*(epsilon_r-1))/N;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"electronic polarizability of He gas in Fm^2 is\",alpha_e);\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "('electronic polarizability of He gas in Fm^2 is', 2.2430133333322991e-41)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 11.3, Page number 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "epsilon_0=8.854*10**-12;\n",
+ "epsilon_r=6; #dielectric constant\n",
+ "E=100; #electric field intensity in V/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "P=epsilon_0*(epsilon_r-1)*E;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"polarization in C/m^2 is\",P);\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "('polarization in C/m^2 is', 4.426999999999999e-09)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 11.4, Page number 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "epsilon_0=8.854*10**-12;\n",
+ "R=0.158; #radius of Ne in nm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "R=R*10**-9; #converting nm to m\n",
+ "alpha_e=4*math.pi*epsilon_0*R**3;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"electronic polarizability in Fm^2 is\",alpha_e);\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "('electronic polarizability in Fm^2 is', 4.3885458748002144e-40)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 11.5, Page number 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "epsilon_0=8.854*10**-12;\n",
+ "C=0.02; #capacitance in micro farad\n",
+ "epsilon_r=6; #dielectric constant\n",
+ "t=0.002; #thickness of mica in cm\n",
+ "d=0.002; #thickness of metal sheet in cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "C=C*10**-6; #converting micro farad to farad\n",
+ "d=d*10**-2; #converting cm to m\n",
+ "A=(C*d)/(epsilon_0*epsilon_r);\n",
+ "A=A*10**3;\n",
+ "A=math.ceil(A*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off to 4 decimals\n",
+ "A1=A*10; #converting m**2 to cm**2\n",
+ "A1=math.ceil(A1*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"area of metal sheet in m^2 is\",A,\"*10**-3\");\n",
+ "print(\"area of metal sheet in cm^2 is\",A1);"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "('area of metal sheet in m^2 is', 7.5296, '*10**-3')\n",
+ "('area of metal sheet in cm^2 is', 75.296)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 11.6, Page number 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "epsilon_0=8.854*10**-12;\n",
+ "E=1000; #electric field in V/m\n",
+ "P=4.3*10**-8; #polarization in C/m^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "epsilon_r=(P/(E*epsilon_0)+1);\n",
+ "epsilon_r=math.ceil(epsilon_r*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off to 4 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"dielectric constant is\",epsilon_r);\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "('dielectric constant is', 5.8566)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 11.7, Page number 337"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "epsilon_0=8.854*10**-12;\n",
+ "chi=4.94; #relative susceptibility\n",
+ "N=10**28; #number of dipoles per m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#polarisation P=N*alpha*E and P=epsilon_0*chi*E. equate the two equations\n",
+ "#epsilon_0*chi*E=N*alpha*E\n",
+ "alpha=(epsilon_0*chi)/N;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"polarisability of material in F/m^2 is\",alpha);\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "('polarisability of material in F/m^2 is', 4.373876e-39)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-06-06 13:47:11 +0000