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-rw-r--r--Engineering_Physics/Chapter_7.ipynb118
1 files changed, 106 insertions, 12 deletions
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_7.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_7.ipynb
index c59443c9..acb1144d 100644
--- a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_7.ipynb
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_7.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
{
"metadata": {
- "name": "Chapter 7"
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:0a8ebb52dee60395969030b1d2962543e204a93314e21a66724d3bafb10b7ddf"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -11,25 +12,59 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Crystal Imperfections"
+ "source": [
+ "Crystal Imperfections"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 7.1, Page number 207 "
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 7.1, Page number 207 "
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the number of vacancies and vacancy fraction\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nk=1.38*10**-23;\nEv=0.98; #energy in eV/atom\nT1=900; #temperature in C\nT2=1000;\nA=6.022*10**26; #avagadro's constant\nw=196.9; #atomic weight in g/mol\nd=18.63; #density in g/cm^3\n\n#Calculation\nEv=Ev*1.6*10**-19; #converting eV to J\nd=d*10**3; #converting g/cm^3 into kg/m^3\nN=(A*d)/w;\nn=N*math.exp(-Ev/(k*T1));\n#let valency fraction n/N be V\nV=math.exp(-Ev/(k*T2));\n\n#Result\nprint(\"concentration of atoms per m^3 is\",N);\nprint(\"number of vacancies per m^3 is\",n);\nprint(\"valency fraction is\",V);\n",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23;\n",
+ "Ev=0.98; #energy in eV/atom\n",
+ "T1=900; #temperature in C\n",
+ "T2=1000;\n",
+ "A=6.022*10**26; #avagadro's constant\n",
+ "w=196.9; #atomic weight in g/mol\n",
+ "d=18.63; #density in g/cm^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ev=Ev*1.6*10**-19; #converting eV to J\n",
+ "d=d*10**3; #converting g/cm^3 into kg/m^3\n",
+ "N=(A*d)/w;\n",
+ "n=N*math.exp(-Ev/(k*T1));\n",
+ "#let valency fraction n/N be V\n",
+ "V=math.exp(-Ev/(k*T2));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"concentration of atoms per m^3 is\",N);\n",
+ "print(\"number of vacancies per m^3 is\",n);\n",
+ "print(\"valency fraction is\",V);\n"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('concentration of atoms per m^3 is', 5.69780904012189e+28)\n('number of vacancies per m^3 is', 1.8742498047705634e+23)\n('valency fraction is', 1.1625392535344139e-05)\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('concentration of atoms per m^3 is', 5.69780904012189e+28)\n",
+ "('number of vacancies per m^3 is', 1.8742498047705634e+23)\n",
+ "('valency fraction is', 1.1625392535344139e-05)\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
@@ -38,19 +73,49 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 7.2, Page number 208 "
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 7.2, Page number 208 "
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the energy for vacancy formation\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nk=1.38*10**-23;\nA=6.022*10**26; #avagadro's constant\nT=1073; #temperature in K\nn=3.6*10**23; #number of vacancies\nd=9.5; #density in g/cm^3\nw=107.9; #atomic weight in g/mol\n\n#Calculation\nd=d*10**3; #converting g/cm^3 into kg/m^3\nN=(A*d)/w; #concentration of atoms\nE=k*T*math.log((N/n), ); #energy in J\nEeV=E/(1.602176565*10**-19); #energy in eV\nEeV=math.ceil(EeV*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"concentration of atoms per m^3 is\",N);\nprint(\"energy for vacancy formation in J\",E);\nprint(\"energy for vacancy formation in eV\",EeV);",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23;\n",
+ "A=6.022*10**26; #avagadro's constant\n",
+ "T=1073; #temperature in K\n",
+ "n=3.6*10**23; #number of vacancies\n",
+ "d=9.5; #density in g/cm^3\n",
+ "w=107.9; #atomic weight in g/mol\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d=d*10**3; #converting g/cm^3 into kg/m^3\n",
+ "N=(A*d)/w; #concentration of atoms\n",
+ "E=k*T*math.log((N/n), ); #energy in J\n",
+ "EeV=E/(1.602176565*10**-19); #energy in eV\n",
+ "EeV=math.ceil(EeV*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"concentration of atoms per m^3 is\",N);\n",
+ "print(\"energy for vacancy formation in J\",E);\n",
+ "print(\"energy for vacancy formation in eV\",EeV);"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('concentration of atoms per m^3 is', 5.3020389249304915e+28)\n('energy for vacancy formation in J', 1.762092900344914e-19)\n('energy for vacancy formation in eV', 1.1)\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('concentration of atoms per m^3 is', 5.3020389249304915e+28)\n",
+ "('energy for vacancy formation in J', 1.762092900344914e-19)\n",
+ "('energy for vacancy formation in eV', 1.1)\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
@@ -59,19 +124,48 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 7.3, Page number 209 "
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 7.3, Page number 209 "
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the number of Schotky defect\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nA=6.022*10**26; #avagadro's constant\nk=1.38*10**-23;\nw1=39.1; #atomic weight of K\nw2=35.45; #atomic weight of Cl\nEs=2.6; #energy formation in eV\nT=500; #temperature in C\nd=1.955; #density in g/cm^3\n\n#Calculation\nEs=Es*1.6*10**-19; #converting eV to J\nT=T+273; #temperature in K\nd=d*10**3; #converting g/cm^3 into kg/m^3\nN=(A*d)/(w1+w2);\nn=N*math.exp(-Es/(2*k*T));\n\n#Result\nprint(\"number of Schotky defect per m^3 is\",n);\n\n#answer given in the book is wrong by 3rd decimal point",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=6.022*10**26; #avagadro's constant\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23;\n",
+ "w1=39.1; #atomic weight of K\n",
+ "w2=35.45; #atomic weight of Cl\n",
+ "Es=2.6; #energy formation in eV\n",
+ "T=500; #temperature in C\n",
+ "d=1.955; #density in g/cm^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Es=Es*1.6*10**-19; #converting eV to J\n",
+ "T=T+273; #temperature in K\n",
+ "d=d*10**3; #converting g/cm^3 into kg/m^3\n",
+ "N=(A*d)/(w1+w2);\n",
+ "n=N*math.exp(-Es/(2*k*T));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"number of Schotky defect per m^3 is\",n);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#answer given in the book is wrong by 3rd decimal point"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('number of Schotky defect per m^3 is', 5.373777171020081e+19)\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('number of Schotky defect per m^3 is', 5.373777171020081e+19)\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
@@ -79,7 +173,7 @@
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "",
+ "input": [],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": []
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 10:27:34 +0000