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-rw-r--r--Engineering_Physics/Chapter_12.ipynb182
1 files changed, 161 insertions, 21 deletions
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_12.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_12.ipynb
index 5d0b74d0..4fdbd6c5 100644
--- a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_12.ipynb
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter_12.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
{
"metadata": {
- "name": "Chapter 12"
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:50b83ee4e84906dcabb2d002b372255d1153b0b8a78afbf0a4be018e0c342780"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -11,25 +12,47 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Superconducting Materials"
+ "source": [
+ "Superconducting Materials"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 12.1, Page number 356"
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 12.1, Page number 356"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the critical field\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc=3.7; #critical temperature in K\nH0=0.0306; #magnetic field in T\nT=2; #temperature in K\n\n#Calculation\nHc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\nHc=math.ceil(Hc*10**5)/10**5; #rounding off to 5 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical field in T is\",Hc);\n",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Tc=3.7; #critical temperature in K\n",
+ "H0=0.0306; #magnetic field in T\n",
+ "T=2; #temperature in K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Hc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\n",
+ "Hc=math.ceil(Hc*10**5)/10**5; #rounding off to 5 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"critical field in T is\",Hc);\n"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('critical field in T is', 0.02166)\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('critical field in T is', 0.02166)\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
@@ -38,19 +61,39 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 12.2, Page number 356"
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 12.2, Page number 356"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the critical field\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc=7.26; #critical temperature in K\nH0=6.4*10**3; #magnetic field in T\nT=5; #temperature in K\n\n#Calculation\nHc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\nHc=math.ceil(Hc*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical field in T is\",Hc);",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Tc=7.26; #critical temperature in K\n",
+ "H0=6.4*10**3; #magnetic field in T\n",
+ "T=5; #temperature in K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Hc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\n",
+ "Hc=math.ceil(Hc*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"critical field in T is\",Hc);"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('critical field in T is', 3364.385)\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('critical field in T is', 3364.385)\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
@@ -59,19 +102,41 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 12.3, Page number 357"
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 12.3, Page number 357"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the value of Tc\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc1=4.185; #critical temperature in K\nM1=199.5; #atomic mass\nM2=203.4; #atomic mass after changing\n\n#Calculation\n#according to maxwell equation Tc*M^0.5=constant\n#Tc1*M1^0.5=Tc2*M2^0.5\nTc2=(Tc1*M1**0.5)/M2**0.5;\nTc2=math.ceil(Tc2*10**6)/10**6; #rounding off to 6 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical temperature of Hg in K is\",Tc2);\n",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Tc1=4.185; #critical temperature in K\n",
+ "M1=199.5; #atomic mass\n",
+ "M2=203.4; #atomic mass after changing\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#according to maxwell equation Tc*M^0.5=constant\n",
+ "#Tc1*M1^0.5=Tc2*M2^0.5\n",
+ "Tc2=(Tc1*M1**0.5)/M2**0.5;\n",
+ "Tc2=math.ceil(Tc2*10**6)/10**6; #rounding off to 6 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"critical temperature of Hg in K is\",Tc2);\n"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('critical temperature of Hg in K is', 4.144685)\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('critical temperature of Hg in K is', 4.144685)\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 3
@@ -80,19 +145,53 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 12.4, Page number 357"
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 12.4, Page number 357"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the critical current density\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nd=1; #diameter of wire in mm\nT=4.2; #temperature in K\nTc=7.18; #critical temperature in K\nH0=6.5*10**4; #magnetic field\n\n#Calculation\nd=d*10**-3; #diameter in m\nR=d/2;\nHc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\nHC=Hc/10**4;\nHC=math.ceil(HC*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 2 decimals\nIc=2*math.pi*R*Hc;\nIc=math.ceil(Ic*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off to 2 decimals\nA=math.pi*R**2;\nJ=Ic/A;\nJ=J/10**8;\nJ=math.ceil(J*10**5)/10**5; #rounding off to 5 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical magnetic field at 4.2K in A/m is\",HC,\"*10**4\");\nprint(\"critical current in A is\",Ic);\nprint(\"critical current density in A/m^2 is\",J,\"*10**8\");",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "d=1; #diameter of wire in mm\n",
+ "T=4.2; #temperature in K\n",
+ "Tc=7.18; #critical temperature in K\n",
+ "H0=6.5*10**4; #magnetic field\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d=d*10**-3; #diameter in m\n",
+ "R=d/2;\n",
+ "Hc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\n",
+ "HC=Hc/10**4;\n",
+ "HC=math.ceil(HC*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n",
+ "Ic=2*math.pi*R*Hc;\n",
+ "Ic=math.ceil(Ic*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n",
+ "A=math.pi*R**2;\n",
+ "J=Ic/A;\n",
+ "J=J/10**8;\n",
+ "J=math.ceil(J*10**5)/10**5; #rounding off to 5 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"critical magnetic field at 4.2K in A/m is\",HC,\"*10**4\");\n",
+ "print(\"critical current in A is\",Ic);\n",
+ "print(\"critical current density in A/m^2 is\",J,\"*10**8\");"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('critical magnetic field at 4.2K in A/m is', 4.276, '*10**4')\n('critical current in A is', 134.33)\n('critical current density in A/m^2 is', 1.71035, '*10**8')\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('critical magnetic field at 4.2K in A/m is', 4.276, '*10**4')\n",
+ "('critical current in A is', 134.33)\n",
+ "('critical current density in A/m^2 is', 1.71035, '*10**8')\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 15
@@ -101,19 +200,40 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 12.5, Page number 358"
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 12.5, Page number 358"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the frequency of radiation\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\ne=1.6*10**-19;\nh=6.626*10**-34;\nV=6; #voltage applied in micro volts\n\n#Calculation\nV=V*10**-6; #converting micro volts to volts\nnew=(2*e*V)/h;\nnew=new/10**9;\nnew=math.ceil(new*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off to 4 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"frequency of ac signal in Hz is\",new,\"*10**9\");",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34;\n",
+ "V=6; #voltage applied in micro volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "V=V*10**-6; #converting micro volts to volts\n",
+ "new=(2*e*V)/h;\n",
+ "new=new/10**9;\n",
+ "new=math.ceil(new*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off to 4 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"frequency of ac signal in Hz is\",new,\"*10**9\");"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('frequency of ac signal in Hz is', 2.8977, '*10**9')\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('frequency of ac signal in Hz is', 2.8977, '*10**9')\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 16
@@ -122,19 +242,39 @@
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
- "source": "Example number 12.6, Page number 358"
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 12.6, Page number 358"
+ ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "#To calculate the band gap\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nKb=1.38*10**-23;\nTc=7.19; #critical temperature in K\n\n#Calculation\nEg=3.5*Kb*Tc;\nEg=Eg/(1.6*10**-19); #converting J to eV\nEg=Eg*10**3; #converting eV into milli eV\nEg=math.ceil(Eg*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"band gap of superconducting lead in meV is\",Eg);",
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Kb=1.38*10**-23;\n",
+ "Tc=7.19; #critical temperature in K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Eg=3.5*Kb*Tc;\n",
+ "Eg=Eg/(1.6*10**-19); #converting J to eV\n",
+ "Eg=Eg*10**3; #converting eV into milli eV\n",
+ "Eg=math.ceil(Eg*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"band gap of superconducting lead in meV is\",Eg);"
+ ],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
- "text": "('band gap of superconducting lead in meV is', 2.171)\n"
+ "text": [
+ "('band gap of superconducting lead in meV is', 2.171)\n"
+ ]
}
],
"prompt_number": 17
@@ -142,7 +282,7 @@
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
- "input": "",
+ "input": [],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": []
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 10:09:13 +0000