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Diffstat (limited to 'Engineering_Physics/Chapter9.ipynb')
| -rwxr-xr-x | Engineering_Physics/Chapter9.ipynb | 576 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 576 deletions
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter9.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter9.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 29c8edee..00000000 --- a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter9.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,576 +0,0 @@ -{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:495ac96015f20ad80c50d2c1722e924721169f0ca7b7ca56739c5ef92f3f2a43"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "9: Quantum Theory"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.1, Page number 171"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "r=0.05; #radius of the wire(mm)\n",
- "l=4; #length of the wire(cm)\n",
- "e=1;\n",
- "T=3000; #temperature(K)\n",
- "s=5.6703*10**-8; #stefan's constant \n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "A=2*math.pi*r*l*10**-5; #area(m**2)\n",
- "p=s*T**4*A*e; #power radiated by the filament(W)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The power radiated by the filament is\",round(p,2),\"W\"\n",
- "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The power radiated by the filament is 57.72 W\n",
- "answer given in the book is wrong\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 7
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.2, Page number 171"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "lamda=550; #wavelength(nm)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "E=(h*c)/(lamda*10**-9); #energy of photon(J)\n",
- "Es=0.1/E; #number of photons(per square cm per second)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The number of photons are\",round(Es/10**17,2),\"*10**17 per square cm per second\"\n",
- "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The number of photons are 2.77 *10**17 per square cm per second\n",
- "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 11
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.3, Page number 171"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "lamda=300*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
- "phi=2.2; #work function(eV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "E=(h*c)/lamda; #energy of photon(J)\n",
- "Kmax=(E-(phi*e))/e; #maximum kinetic energy(eV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The maximum kinetic energy is\",round(Kmax,2),\"eV\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The maximum kinetic energy is 1.94 eV\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.4, Page number 172"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "lamda=175*10**-9; #wavelength of light(m)\n",
- "w=5; #work function of nickel(eV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "E=(h*c)/(lamda*1.6*10**-19); #Energy of 200 nm photon(eV)\n",
- "#From photoelectric equation E-w is the potential difference\n",
- "p=E-w; #potential difference required to stop the fastest electron(eV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The potential difference that should be applied is\",round(p,1),\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The potential difference that should be applied is 2.1 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 21
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.5, Page number 172"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
- "V=50; #accelerating voltage(kV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "lambdamin=((h*c)/(e*V*10**3))*10**9; #shortest wavelength of X-rays(nm)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The shortest wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lambdamin,4),\"nm\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The shortest wavelength of X-rays is 0.0248 nm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 23
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.6, Page number 172"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "lambda1=0.708; #wavelength of a certain line in an X-ray spectrum(angstrom)\n",
- "Z1=42; #atomic number\n",
- "Z2=24;\n",
- "a=1; #screening constant\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "lambda2=(lambda1*(Z1-a)**2)/((Z2-a)**2); #wavelength of same line(angstrom)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The wavelength of same line is\",round(lambda2,2),\"angstrom\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The wavelength of same line is 2.25 angstrom\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 25
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.7, Page number 172"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "#From Bragg's law 2*d*sin(teta)=n*lambda\n",
- "n=1;\n",
- "lamda=0.32; #wavelength(nm)\n",
- "theta=28; #angle at which first order Bragg's reflection is observed(degrees)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "theta=theta*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n",
- "d=lamda/(2*math.sin(theta)); #distance between atomic planes(nm)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The distance between atomic planes is\",round(d,2),\"nm\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The distance between atomic planes is 0.34 nm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 28
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.8, Page number 172"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "theta=50; #angle(degrees)\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "theta=theta*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n",
- "deltalambda=(h/(m*c))*(1-math.cos(theta))*10**12; \n",
- "lambdafin=2.5; #wavelength of scattered X-rays\n",
- "lambdainit=lambdafin-deltalambda; #wavelength of X-rays in the incident beam(pm)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The wavelength of X-rays in the incident beam is\",round(lambdainit,2),\"pm\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The wavelength of X-rays in the incident beam is 1.63 pm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 30
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.9, Page number 172"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "lamda=500*10**-9; #wavelength of laser(m)\n",
- "t=20*10**-3; #time(s)\n",
- "N=2.52*10**16; #number of photons in a 20ms pulse\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "E=(h*c)/lamda; #Energy of 500 nm photon(J)\n",
- "p=E*N/t; #power of the laser(W)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The power of the laser is\",round(p,1),\"W\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The power of the laser is 0.5 W\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 34
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.10, Page number 173"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "lamda=350*10**-9; #threshold wavelength(m)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "W=h*c/(lamda*e); #work function of the surface(eV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The work function of the surface is\",round(W,2),\"eV\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The work function of the surface is 3.55 eV\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 40
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.11, Page number 173"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
- "lambdamin=0.02*10**-9; #minimum wavelength(m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "V=(h*c/(lambdamin*e))*10**-3; #accelerating voltage(kV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The accelerating voltage needed to produce minimum wavelength is\",round(V,4),\"kV\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The accelerating voltage needed to produce minimum wavelength is 62.1187 kV\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 42
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.12, Page number 173"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "#According to Bragg's eq.2*d*sin(teta)=n*lambda\n",
- "n=2; #since second order Bragg's eq.\n",
- "d=5; #since d=5(lambda)\n",
- "lamda=1;\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "a=(n*lamda)/(2*5*lamda);\n",
- "theta=math.asin(a); #angle of second order Braggs reflection(radian)\n",
- "theta=theta*180/math.pi; #angle(degrees)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The angle of second order Braggs reflection is\",round(theta,2),\"degrees\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The angle of second order Braggs reflection is 11.54 degrees\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 45
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 9.13, Page number 173"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#importing modules\n",
- "import math\n",
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
- "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "lamda=0.03; #wavelength(nm)\n",
- "p=80/100;\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
- "E=(h*c)/(lamda*10**-9); #energy of photon(J) \n",
- "TE=E/p; #Total energy.E=80% of TE(J)\n",
- "TE=TE*(10**-3)/e; #Total energy(keV)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The electron must have been accelerated through a potential difference of\",round(TE,3),\"kV\" "
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The electron must have been accelerated through a potential difference of 51.766 kV\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 49
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file |