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diff --git a/Engineering_Heat_Transfer_by_W_S_Janna/CHAPTER2.ipynb b/Engineering_Heat_Transfer_by_W_S_Janna/CHAPTER2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..43341b6f --- /dev/null +++ b/Engineering_Heat_Transfer_by_W_S_Janna/CHAPTER2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,650 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "CHAPTER2"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter 2 :Steady state Conduction in one dimension"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.1 Page No.42"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "T3=-10.00\t\t# temperature of inside wall in degree Fahrenheit\n",
+ "T0=70.0 \t \t# temperature of outside wall in degree Fahrenheit\n",
+ "dT=T0-T3 # overall temperature difference\n",
+ "k1=0.38 # brick masonry\n",
+ "k2=0.02 # glass fibre\n",
+ "k3=0.063 # plywood\n",
+ "dx1=4/12.0 # thickness of brick layer in ft\n",
+ "dx2=3.5/12.0 # thickness of glass fibre layer in ft\n",
+ "dx3=0.5/12.0 # thickness of plywood layer in ft\n",
+ "A=1.0 # cross sectional area taken as 1 ft**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R1=dx1/(k1*A) # resistance of brick layer in (hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\n",
+ "R2=dx2/(k2*A) # resistance of glass fibre layer in (hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\n",
+ "R3=dx3/(k3*A) # resistance of plywood layer in (hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\n",
+ "qx=(T0-T3)/(R1+R2+R3) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of brick layer is \",round(R1,3),\"(hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of glass fibre layer is \",round(R2,1),\"(hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of plywood layer is \",round(R3,3),\"(hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"Heat transfer through the composite wall is \",round(qx,2),\"(hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistance of brick layer is 0.877 (hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\n",
+ "Resistance of glass fibre layer is 14.6 (hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\n",
+ "Resistance of plywood layer is 0.661 (hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\n",
+ "Heat transfer through the composite wall is 4.96 (hr.degree Rankine)/BTU\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.2 Page No.45"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k1=0.45 # thermal conductivity of brick\n",
+ "k2a=0.15 # thermal conductivity of pine\n",
+ "k3=0.814 # thermal conductivity of plaster board\n",
+ "k2b=0.025 # thermal conductivity of air from appendix table D1\n",
+ "A1=0.41*3 # cross sectional area of brick layer \n",
+ "A2a=0.038*3 # cross sectional area of wall stud\n",
+ "A2b=(41-3.8)*0.01*3 # cross sectional area of air layer\n",
+ "A3=0.41*3 # cross sectional area of plastic layer \n",
+ "dx1=0.1 # thickness of brick layer in m\n",
+ "dx2=0.089 # thickness of wall stud and air layer in m\n",
+ "dx3=0.013 # thickness of plastic layer in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R1=dx1/(k1*A1) # Resistance of brick layer in K/W\n",
+ "R2=dx2/(k2a*A2a+k2b*A2b) # Resistance of wall stud and air layer in K/W\n",
+ "R3=dx3/(k3*A3) # Resistance of plastic layer in K/W\n",
+ "T1=25 # temperature of inside wall in degree celsius\n",
+ "T0=0 # temperature of outside wall in degree celsius\n",
+ "qx=(T1-T0)/(R1+R2+R3) # heat transfer through the composite wall in W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of brick layer is \",round(R1,3),\"k/W\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of wall stud and air layer is \",round(R2,2),\"k/W\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of plastic layer is \",round(R3,3),\"k/W\"\n",
+ "print\"Heat transfer through the composite wall is\",round(qx,1),\"W\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistance of brick layer is 0.181 k/W\n",
+ "Resistance of wall stud and air layer is 1.98 k/W\n",
+ "Resistance of plastic layer is 0.013 k/W\n",
+ "Heat transfer through the composite wall is 11.5 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.3 Page No. 50"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k1=24.8 # thermal conductivity of 1C steel in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)from appendix table B2 \n",
+ "k2=0.02 # thermal conductivity of styrofoam steel in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)\n",
+ "k3=0.09 # thermal conductivity of fibreglass in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)\n",
+ "hc1=0.79 # convection coefficient between the air and the vertical steel wall in BTU/(hr.ft**2.degree Rankine)\n",
+ "hc2=150.0 # the convection coefficient between the ice water and the fiberglass\n",
+ "A=1.0 # calculation based on per square foot\n",
+ "dx1=0.04/12.0 # thickness of steel in ft\n",
+ "dx2=0.75/12.0 # thickness of styrofoam in ft\n",
+ "dx3=0.25/12.0 # thickness of fiberglass in ft\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Rc1=1/(hc1*A) # Resistance from air to sheet metal\n",
+ "Rk1=dx1/(k1*A) # Resistance of steel layer\n",
+ "Rk2=dx2/(k2*A) # Resistance of styrofoam layer\n",
+ "Rk3=dx3/(k3*A) # Resistance of fiberglass layer\n",
+ "Rc2=1/(hc2*A) # Resistance from ice water to fiberglass\n",
+ "U=1/(Rc1+Rk1+Rk2+Rk3+Rc2) # overall heat transfer coefficient \n",
+ "T_inf1=90 # temperature of air in degree F\n",
+ "T_inf2=32 # temperature of mixture of ice and water in degree F\n",
+ "q=U*A*(T_inf1-T_inf2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"Resistance from air to sheet metal: \",round(Rc1,3),\"degree F.hr/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of steel layer is \",round(Rk1,4),\"degree F.hr/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of styrofoam layer is \",round(Rk2,3),\"degree F.hr/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance of fiberglass layer is \",round(Rk3,3),\"degree F.hr/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"Resistance from ice water to fiberglass is \",round(Rc2,4),\"degree F.hr/BTU\"\n",
+ "print\"The overall heat transfer coefficient is \",round(U,3),\"BTU/hr ft**2\"\n",
+ "print\"The heat transfer rate is %.1f BTU/hr\",round(q,2),\"BTU/hr\"\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistance from air to sheet metal: 1.266 degree F.hr/BTU\n",
+ "Resistance of steel layer is 0.0001 degree F.hr/BTU\n",
+ "Resistance of styrofoam layer is 3.125 degree F.hr/BTU\n",
+ "Resistance of fiberglass layer is 0.231 degree F.hr/BTU\n",
+ "Resistance from ice water to fiberglass is 0.0067 degree F.hr/BTU\n",
+ "The overall heat transfer coefficient is 0.216 BTU/hr ft**2\n",
+ "The heat transfer rate is %.1f BTU/hr 12.53 BTU/hr\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.4 Page No 55."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k=14.4 # thermal conductivity of 304 stainless steel in W/(m.K) from appendix table B2\n",
+ "D2=32.39 #Diameter (cm)\n",
+ "D1=29.53\n",
+ "T1=40 #Temprature\n",
+ "T2=38\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "Qr_per_length=(2*3.14*k)*(T1-T2)/math.log(D2/D1)#format(6)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"The heat transfer through the pipe wall per unit length of pipe is \",round(Qr_per_length/1000,2),\"kw/m\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The heat transfer through the pipe wall per unit length of pipe is 1.96 kw/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.5 Page NO. 58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k1=231 # thermal conductivity of copper in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)from appendix table B1 \n",
+ "k2=0.02 # thermal conductivity of insuLtion in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)\n",
+ "D2=1.125/12 # outer diameter in ft\n",
+ "D1=0.08792 # inner diameter in ft\n",
+ "R2=D2/2 # outer radius\n",
+ "R1=D1/2 # inner radius\n",
+ "t=0.5/12 # wall thickness of insulation in ft\n",
+ "R3=R2+t\n",
+ "LRk1=(log(R2/R1))/(2*3.14*k1) # product of length and copper layer resistance\n",
+ "LRk2=(log(R3/R2))/(2*3.14*k2) # product of length and insulation layer resistance\n",
+ "T1=40 # temperature of inside wall of tubing in degree fahrenheit\n",
+ "T3=70 # temperature of surface temperature of insulation degree fahrenheit\n",
+ "q_per_L=(T1-T3)/(LRk1+LRk2) # heat transferred per unit length in BTU/(hr.ft)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"The heat transferred per unit length is \",round(q_per_L,2),\" BTU/(hr.ft\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The heat transferred per unit length is -5.92 BTU/(hr.ft\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.6 Page No 63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k12=24.8 # thermal conductivity of 1C steel in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)from appendix table B2 \n",
+ "k23=.023 # thermal conductivity of glass wool insulation in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)from appendix table B3 \n",
+ "D2=6.625/12.0 # outer diameter in ft\n",
+ "D1=0.5054 # inner diameter in ft\n",
+ "t=2/12.0 # wall thickness of insulation in ft\n",
+ "D3=D2+t\n",
+ "hc1=12 # convection coefficient between the air and the pipe wall in BTU/(hr. sq.ft.degree Rankine).\n",
+ "hc2=1.5 # convection coefficient between the glass wool and the ambient air in BTU/(hr. sq.ft.degree Rankine).\n",
+ "\n",
+ "U=1/((1/hc1)+(D1*log(D2/D1)/k12)+(D1*log(D3/D2)/k23)+(D1/(hc2*D3)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"Overall heat transfer coefficient is \",round(U,4),\" BTU/(hr.sq.ft. Fahrenheit)\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Overall heat transfer coefficient is 0.1596 BTU/(hr.sq.ft. Fahrenheit)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.7 Page NO.72"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k=14.4 # thermal conductivity of 304 stainless steel in W/(m.K)from appendix table B2 \n",
+ "T1=543.0 # temperature in K at point 1\n",
+ "T2=460.0 # temperature in K at point 2\n",
+ "dT=T1-T2 # temperature difference between point 1 and 2\n",
+ "dz12=0.035 # distance between thermocouple 1 and 2 in cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dz56=4.45 # distance between thermocouple 5 and 6 in cm\n",
+ "dz6i=3.81 # distance between thermocouple 6 and interface in cm\n",
+ "dz5i=dz56+dz6i # distance between thermocouple 5 and interface in cm\n",
+ "T5=374 # temperature in K at point 5\n",
+ "T6=366 # temperature in K at point 6\n",
+ "dzi7=2.45 # distance between thermocouple 7 and interface in cm\n",
+ "dz78=4.45 # distance between thermocouple 7 and 8 in cm\n",
+ "dzi8=dzi7+dz78 # distance between thermocouple 8 and interface in cm\n",
+ "T7=349 # temperature in K at point 7\n",
+ "T8=337 # temperature in K at point 8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "qz_per_A=k*dT/dz12 # heat flow calculated in W/m**2 calculated using Fourier's law\n",
+ "T_ial=T5-(dz5i*(T5-T6)/dz56) # temperature of aluminium interface in K\n",
+ "T_img=dzi8*(T7-T8)/dz78+T8 # temperature of magnesium interface in K\n",
+ "T_img_=355.8 #Approx value in the book\n",
+ "Rtc=(T_ial-T_img_)/(qz_per_A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"The required thermal contact resistance is\",round(Rtc,7),\"K sq.m/W\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The required thermal contact resistance is 9.81e-05 K sq.m/W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.8 Page No. 85"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "%matplotlib inline"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "k=24.8 # thermal conductivity of 1C steel in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)from appendix table B2\n",
+ "D=(5.0/16.0)/12.0 # diameter of the rod in ft\n",
+ "P=(math.pi*D) # Circumference of the rod in ft\n",
+ "A=(math.pi/4)*D**2 # Cross sectional area of the rod in sq.ft\n",
+ "hc=1.0 # assuming the convective heat transfer coefficient as 1 BTU/(hr. sq.ft. degree Rankine)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=math.sqrt(hc*P/(k*A))\n",
+ "L=(9/2.0)/12.0 # length of rod in ft\n",
+ "T_inf=70.0\n",
+ "T_w=200.0\n",
+ "dT=T_w-T_inf\n",
+ "const=dT/math.cosh(m*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "qz=k*A*m*dT*tanh(m*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "mL=m*L\n",
+ "efficiency=0.78 # from fig. 2.30\n",
+ "\n",
+ "effectiveness=math.sqrt(k*P/(hc*A))*tanh(mL)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"(b)The heat transferred is \",round(qz,2),\"BTU/hr\"\n",
+ "print\"(c)The efficiency found from the graph in figure 2.30 is\",efficiency\n",
+ "print\"(d)The effectiveness is found to be\",round(effectiveness,1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+ "fig = plt.figure()\n",
+ "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "mL1=[0,1,1.2,5]\n",
+ "n1=[0,0.2,0.25,0.25]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "mL2=[0,1,1.8,5]\n",
+ "n2=[0,0.35,0.5,0.5]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "mL3=[0,1,2,5]\n",
+ "n3=[0,0.75,1,1]\n",
+ "mL4=[0,1,2,5]\n",
+ "n4=[0,1.5,2,2]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "xlabel(\"mL\") \n",
+ "ylabel(\"n \") \n",
+ "plt.xlim((0,6))\n",
+ "plt.ylim((0,2.5))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "ax.annotate('(0.25)', xy=(5,0.25))\n",
+ "ax.annotate('(0.5)', xy=(5,0.5))\n",
+ "ax.annotate('(1)', xy=(5,1))\n",
+ "ax.annotate('(2)', xy=(5,2))\n",
+ "a1=plot(mL1,n1)\n",
+ "a2=plot(mL2,n2)\n",
+ "a3=plot(mL3,n3)\n",
+ "a4=plot(mL4,n4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+ "fig = plt.figure()\n",
+ "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "z1=[0,3,4.8]\n",
+ "T1=[200,165,158]\n",
+ "z2=[0,4.8]\n",
+ "T2=[140,140]\n",
+ "z3=[0,4.8]\n",
+ "T3=[130,130]\n",
+ "z4=[4.8,4.8]\n",
+ "T4=[140,130]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "xlabel(\"z (m)\") \n",
+ "ylabel(\"T (K)\") \n",
+ "plt.xlim((0,5.5))\n",
+ "plt.ylim((120,200))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "ax.annotate('(5/16 in)', xy=(4.85,135))\n",
+ "a1=plot(z1,T1)\n",
+ "a2=plot(z2,T2)\n",
+ "a3=plot(z3,T3)\n",
+ "a4=plot(z4,T4)\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(b)The heat transferred is 3.13 BTU/hr\n",
+ "(c)The efficiency found from the graph in figure 2.30 is 0.78\n",
+ "(d)The effectiveness is found to be 45.2\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "display_data",
+ "png": 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+ },
+ {
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FdOjQgRtuuIELLriAG2+8kSNHjtTYzmKxeI5ILBYLZWVlfPbZZzz99NM1mtFW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\n"
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.9 Page No. 90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k=136.0 # thermal conductivity of aluminium in BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)from appendix table B1\n",
+ "L=9/(8*12.0) #length in ft\n",
+ "W=9/(4*12.0) #width in ft\n",
+ "delta=0.002604 #ft\n",
+ "hc=0.8 # the convective heat transfer coefficient estimated as 1 BTU/(hr.ft**2. degree Rankine)\n",
+ "T_w=1000.0 # the root temperature in degree fahrenheit\n",
+ "T_inf=90.0 # the ambient temperature in degree fahrenheit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "m=math.sqrt(hc/(k*delta))\n",
+ "P=2*W\n",
+ "A=2*delta*W\n",
+ "qz1=math.sqrt(hc*P*k*A)*(T_w-T_inf)*(sinh(m*L)+(hc/(m*k)*cosh(m*L)))/(cosh(m*L)+(hc/(m*k)*sinh(m*L)))\n",
+ "qz2=math.sqrt(k*A*hc*P)*(T_w-T_inf)*math.tanh(m*L)\n",
+ "Lc=L+delta\n",
+ "qz3=k*A*m*(T_w-T_inf)*math.tanh(m*L*(1+delta/Lc))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"(a)The heat transferred is \",round(qz1,2),\"BTU/hr\"\n",
+ "print\"(b)The heat transferred is \",round(qz2,2),\"BTU/hr In the book the answer is incorrect\"\n",
+ "print\"(c)The heat transferred is \",round(qz3,2),\" BTU/hr\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)The heat transferred is 26.12 BTU/hr\n",
+ "(b)The heat transferred is 25.43 BTU/hr In the book the answer is incorrect\n",
+ "(c)The heat transferred is 26.1 BTU/hr\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 75
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.10 Page No 94"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "k=8.32 # thermal conductivity BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)\n",
+ "hc=400.0 # the convective heat transfer coefficient given in BTU/(hr.ft**2. degree Rankine)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "delta_opt=0.55/(12*2)\n",
+ "Lc=math.sqrt(delta_opt*k/(0.583*hc))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A=Lc*delta_opt\n",
+ "parameter=Lc**1.5*math.sqrt(hc/(k*A))\n",
+ "efficiency=0.6\n",
+ "W=1/(2.0*12.0) # width in ft\n",
+ "T_w=190.0 # wall temperature in degree fahrenheit\n",
+ "T_inf=58.0 # ambient temperature in degree fahrenheit\n",
+ "L=1.0 # length in ft\n",
+ "delta=W/2.0 \n",
+ "q_ac=efficiency*hc*2*W*math.sqrt(L**2+delta**2)*(T_w-T_inf)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"(a)The optimum length is \",round(Lc*12,2),\"inch\"\n",
+ "print\"(b)The actual heat transferred is \",round(q_ac,2),\"BTU/hr. NOTE: In the book answer is incorrect\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)The optimum length is 0.34 inch\n",
+ "(b)The actual heat transferred is 2640.57 BTU/hr. NOTE: In the book answer is incorrect\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.11 Page No 95"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "N=9 # number of fins\n",
+ "delta=0.003/2.0 \n",
+ "L=0.025\n",
+ "Lc=L+delta\n",
+ "R=0.219/2\n",
+ "R2c=R+delta\n",
+ "R1=R-L\n",
+ "T_w=260 # root wall temperature in degree celsius\n",
+ "T_inf=27 # ambient temperature in degree celsius\n",
+ "hc=15 \n",
+ "k=52 # thermal conductivity of cast iron in W/(m.K)from appendix table B2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "Ap=2*delta*Lc\n",
+ "As=2*math.pi*(R2c**2-R1**2)\n",
+ "radius_ratio=R2c/R1 # for finding efficiency from figure 2.38\n",
+ "variable=Lc**1.5*math.sqrt(hc/(k*Ap))\n",
+ "efficiency=0.93 # efficiency from figure 2.38\n",
+ "qf=N*efficiency*As*hc*(T_w-T_inf)\n",
+ "Sp=0.0127 # fin spacing\n",
+ "Asw=2*math.pi*R1*Sp*N # exposed surface area\n",
+ "qw=hc*Asw*(T_w-T_inf)\n",
+ "q=qf+qw\n",
+ "\n",
+ "H=N*(Sp+2*delta)\n",
+ "Aso=2*math.pi*R1*H # surface area without fins\n",
+ "qo=hc*Aso*(T_w-T_inf)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "effectiveness=q/qo # effectiveness defined as ratio of heat transferred with fins to heat transferred without fins\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"(a)The total heat transferred from the cylinder is \",round(q,0),\"W\"\n",
+ "print\"(b)The Heat transferred without fins is W\",round(qo,0),\"W\"\n",
+ "print\"(c)The fin effectiveness is \",round(effectiveness,2)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)The total heat transferred from the cylinder is 1164.0 W\n",
+ "(b)The Heat transferred without fins is W 262.0 W\n",
+ "(c)The fin effectiveness is 4.44\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |