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diff --git a/Elementary_Principles_of_Chemical_Processes/Chapter7.ipynb b/Elementary_Principles_of_Chemical_Processes/Chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..6fdddf6a --- /dev/null +++ b/Elementary_Principles_of_Chemical_Processes/Chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,893 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:140795a2dc739119552fbce01ad304d2882d8bdd1339a30f3767fc2e9c80a840" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7: Energy and Energy Balances" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2-1, page no. 318" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "ID=2.0 #cm\n", + "Vdot=2.0 #m^3/h\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "u=Vdot*100*100 /(math.pi*math.pow(ID/2,2) *3600)\n", + "mdot=Vdot*math.pow(10,3) /3600.\n", + "Ek=mdot*math.pow(u,2) /2\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Ek (J/s) = \",Ek)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " Ek (J/s) = 0.869\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 1, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2-2, page no. 318" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "g=9.81 #m/s^2\n", + "mdot=15.0 #Kg/s\n", + "z2=20.0 #m\n", + "z1=-220. #m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "Power=mdot*g*(z2-z1)\n", + "print '%s %d' %(\" \\n Power (J/s) = \",Power)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " Power (J/s) = 35316\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 2, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.3-1, page no. 319" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initilization of variables\n", + "Q1=2. #Kcal\n", + "Ek1=0#System is stationary\n", + "Ep1=0#No vertical displacement\n", + "W1=0#No moving boundaries\n", + "deltaU1=Q1-W1-Ek1-Ep1\n", + "deltaU1J=deltaU1*1000./0.23901 \n", + "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Energy gained by the gas in going from 25C to 100C is (J)\",deltaU1J)\n", + "W2=100. #J\n", + "Ek2=0 #The system is stationary at the initial and final states\n", + "Ep2=0#Assumed negligible by hypothesis\n", + "deltaU2=0#U depends only on T for an ideal gas and T doesn't change\n", + "Q2=deltaU2+W2+Ek2+Ep2\n", + "print '%s %.1f' %(\"Heat transferred to the gas while it expands and reequilibrates at 100C is (J)\",Q2)\n", + "raw_input(\"Press the Enter key to quit\")" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Energy gained by the gas in going from 25C to 100C is (J) 8367.85\n", + "Heat transferred to the gas while it expands and reequilibrates at 100C is (J) 100.0\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Press the Enter key to quit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 3, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.4-1, page no. 322" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "U=3800.0 #J/mol\n", + "P=1.0 #atm\n", + "Vcap=24.63 #L/mol\n", + "ndot=250.0 #Kmol/h\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "Hcap=U+P*Vcap*101.3\n", + "H=ndot*Hcap*math.pow(10,3)\n", + "print '%s %d' %(\" \\n Specific Enthalpy (J/mol) = \",Hcap)\n", + "print '%s %.3E' %(\"\\n Enthalpy of Helium (J/h) = \",H)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " Specific Enthalpy (J/mol) = 6295\n", + "\n", + " Enthalpy of Helium (J/h) = 1.574E+09\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 4, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.4-2, page no. 324" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "mdot=500.0/3600.#Kg/s\n", + "u1=60.0 #m/s\n", + "u2=360.0 #m/s\n", + "deltaZ=-5. #m\n", + "g=9.81 #m/s^2\n", + "Qdot= -10000.#Kcal/h\n", + "Ws=70.0 #KW\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "Ek=mdot*math.pow(10,-3)*(math.pow(u2,2)-math.pow(u1,2))/2\n", + "Ep=mdot*g*deltaZ/math.pow(10,3)\n", + "Qdot=Qdot/(0.239*3600.)\n", + "Hdot=Qdot-Ws-Ek-Ep\n", + "print '%s %f' %(\" \\n DeltaH (KW) = \",Hdot)\n", + "Hcap=Hdot/mdot\n", + "print '%s %f' %(\"\\n Specific Enthalpy (Kj/Kg) = \",Hcap)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " DeltaH (KW) = -90.365689\n", + "\n", + " Specific Enthalpy (Kj/Kg) = -650.632958\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 6, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5-1, page no. 326" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "H0=196.23 #Btu/lbm\n", + "H50=202.28 #Btu/lbm\n", + "Pfinal=51.99 #psia\n", + "Pinitial=18.90 #psia\n", + "Vfinal=1.920 #ft^3/lbm\n", + "Vinitial=4.969 #ft^3/lbm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "deltaH=H0-H50\n", + "deltaU=deltaH+((Pfinal*Vfinal-Pinitial*Vinitial)*1.987/10.73)\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n change in Specific Enthalpy (Btu/lbm) = \",deltaH)\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n change in Specific Internal Energy (Btu/lbm) = \",deltaU)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " change in Specific Enthalpy (Btu/lbm) = -6.050\n", + " \n", + " change in Specific Internal Energy (Btu/lbm) = -4.956\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 8, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5-3, page no. 329" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "mdot=2000.0 #Kg/h\n", + "P=10.0 #bar\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "print(\"From Steam tables, \")\n", + "Hin=3201. #Kj/Kg\n", + "Hout=2675. #Kj/Kg\n", + "Ws= -mdot*(Hout-Hin)/3600.\n", + "print '%s %d' %(\"Work delivered by Turbine to surroundings (Kw) = \",Ws)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "From Steam tables, \n", + "Work delivered by Turbine to surroundings (Kw) = 292\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 9, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.6-1, page no. 330" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "m1=120.0 #kg\n", + "m2=175.0 #kg\n", + "m3=295.0 #kg\n", + "ID=6.0 #cm\n", + "P=17.0 #bar\n", + "H1=125.7 #Kj/Kg\n", + "H2=271.9 #Kj/Kg\n", + "H3=2793.0 #Kj/kg\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "deltaH=m3*H3-m1*H1-m2*H2\n", + "print(\"From tables, Vdot=0.1166 m^3/kg\")\n", + "Vdot=0.1166 \n", + "A=math.pi*math.pow(ID/2,2) /math.pow(10,4)\n", + "u=m3*Vdot/(A*60)\n", + "Ek=m3*math.pow(u,2) /(2*math.pow(10,3))\n", + "Qdot=deltaH+Ek\n", + "print '%s %.3E' %(\"Heat required (Kj/min) = \",Qdot)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "From tables, Vdot=0.1166 m^3/kg\n", + "Heat required (Kj/min) = 7.673E+05\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 10, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.6-2, page no. 331" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "basis=1.0 #Kg/s\n", + "x=0.6 #ethane\n", + "T1=150.0 #K\n", + "T2=250.0 #K\n", + "P=5.0 #bar\n", + "Hout1=434.5 #KJ/Kg\n", + "Hout2=130.2 #KJ/Kg\n", + "Hin1=314.3 #KJ/Kg\n", + "Hin2=30.0 #KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "Qdot=basis*(x*Hout1+(1-x)*Hout2-x*Hin1-(1-x)*Hin2)\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Heat required (KJ/Kg) = \",Qdot/basis)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " Heat required (KJ/Kg) = 112.200\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 11, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.6-3, page no. 332" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "m3=1150.0 #Kg/h\n", + "H3=2676.0 #KJ/Kg\n", + "H2=3074.0 #KJ/Kg\n", + "H1=3278.0 #KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "print(\"Mass balance on Water,\")\n", + "print(\"m3+m1=m2\")\n", + "print(\"Energy balance,\")\n", + "print(\"m3*H3+m1*H1=m2*H2\")\n", + "A=([[1,-1],[H2,-H1]])\n", + "b=([[m3],[m3*H3]])\n", + "C=numpy.dot(linalg.inv(A),b)\n", + "#here we solved two linear equations simultaneously.\n", + "m2=C[0,0]\n", + "m1=C[1,0]\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" Input flowrate,m1 (Kg/h) = \",m1)\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Output flowrate, m2 (Kg/h) = \",m2)\n", + "print(\"From tables,Vdot=3.11 m^3/Kg\")\n", + "Vdot=3.11\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" Volumetric input flowrate (m^3/h) = \",m1*Vdot)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Mass balance on Water,\n", + "m3+m1=m2\n", + "Energy balance,\n", + "m3*H3+m1*H1=m2*H2\n", + " Input flowrate,m1 (Kg/h) = 2243.627\n", + " \n", + " Output flowrate, m2 (Kg/h) = 3393.627\n", + "From tables,Vdot=3.11 m^3/Kg\n", + " Volumetric input flowrate (m^3/h) = 6977.681\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 12, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.7-1, page no. 334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "Vdot=20.0 #L/min\n", + "P2=1.01325*100000. #atm\n", + "ID1=0.5 #cm\n", + "ID2=1.0 #cm\n", + "g=9.81 #m/s^2\n", + "deltaZ=50.0 #m\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "u1=Vdot*math.pow(10,4) /(math.pow(10,3) *60*math.pi*math.pow(ID1/(2),2))\n", + "u2=Vdot*math.pow(10,4) /(math.pow(10,3) *60*math.pi*math.pow(ID2/(2),2))\n", + "deltaP=-((u2*u2-u1*u1)/2 +g*deltaZ)*1000.\n", + "P1=P2-deltaP\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n P1 (Pa) = \",P1)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " P1 (Pa) = 456730.088\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 13, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.7-2, page no. 335" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "deltaZ= -2.5 #ft\n", + "u1=0.0\n", + "D=50.0 #lbm/ft^3\n", + "F=0.80 #ft.lbf/lbm\n", + "V=5.0 #gal\n", + "g=32.174 #ft/s^2\n", + "ID=0.25 #in\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "u2=math.sqrt(2*32.174*(-F-g*deltaZ/32.174))\n", + "Vdot=u2*math.pi*math.pow(ID/(2),2) /144.\n", + "t=V*0.1337/(Vdot*60.)\n", + "print '%s %.3f' %(\"Total time taken (min) = \",t)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Total time taken (min) = 3.125\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 14, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.7-3, page no. 336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "\n", + "Ws=1000000. #N.m/s\n", + "deltaP= -83.*1000. #N/m^2\n", + "g=9.81 #m/s^2\n", + "deltaZ= -103 #m\n", + "D=1000. #kg/m^3\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations and printing :\n", + "\n", + "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", + "mdot= -Ws/(deltaP/D + g*deltaZ)\n", + "print'%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Water flow rate (kg/s) = \",mdot)\n", + "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + " \n", + " Water flow rate (kg/s) = 914.553\n" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "press enter key to exit\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 15, + "text": [ + "''" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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