diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Electronics_Engineering_by_P._Raja/chapter_4_2.ipynb')
| -rwxr-xr-x | Electronics_Engineering_by_P._Raja/chapter_4_2.ipynb | 1826 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1826 deletions
diff --git a/Electronics_Engineering_by_P._Raja/chapter_4_2.ipynb b/Electronics_Engineering_by_P._Raja/chapter_4_2.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index ad82474d..00000000 --- a/Electronics_Engineering_by_P._Raja/chapter_4_2.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1826 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Chapter - 4 : Bipolar Junction Transistors" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.1\n", - ": Page No 223" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from __future__ import division\n", - "# Given data\n", - "I_C= 0.9 # in mA\n", - "I_E=1 # in mA\n", - "alpha = I_C/I_E \n", - "print \"Current gain = %0.1f\" %alpha\n", - "# Formula I_E= I_B+I_C\n", - "I_B= I_E-I_C # in mA\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.1f mA\" %I_B" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Current gain = 0.9\n", - "The base current = 0.1 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.2\n", - ": Page No 224" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "alpha= 0.97 \n", - "I_E=1 # in mA\n", - "# Formula alpha = I_C/I_E \n", - "I_C= alpha*I_E # in mA\n", - "# Formula I_E= I_B+I_C\n", - "I_B= I_E-I_C # in mA\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.2f mA\" %I_B" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 0.03 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.3\n", - ": Page No 226" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "# Part (i)\n", - "a= 0.90 \n", - "B=a/(1-a) \n", - "print \"At alpha= 0.90, the value of Bita = %0.f\" %B\n", - "# Part (ii)\n", - "a= 0.99 \n", - "B=a/(1-a) \n", - "print \"At alpha= 0.99, the value of Bita = %0.f\" %B" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "At alpha= 0.90, the value of Bita = 9\n", - "At alpha= 0.99, the value of Bita = 99\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.4\n", - ": Page No 226" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "bita= 50 \n", - "I_E= 10 # in mA\n", - "I_B= 200*10**-3 # in mA\n", - "alfa= bita/(1+bita)\n", - "print \"The value of alfa = %0.2f\" %alfa\n", - "I_C= alfa*I_E # in mA\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.1f mA using the value of alpha\" %I_C\n", - "I_C= bita*I_B # in mA\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.f mA using the value of bita\" %I_C" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of alfa = 0.98\n", - "The value of I_C = 9.8 mA using the value of alpha\n", - "The value of I_C = 10 mA using the value of bita\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.5\n", - ": Page No 233" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BB= 10 # in V\n", - "V_CC= 10 # in V\n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B= 1 # in M\u03a9\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**6 # in \u03a9\n", - "R_C= 2 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "bita= 300 \n", - "I_B= (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "I_C= bita*I_B # in A\n", - "V_CE= V_CC-I_C*R_C # in V\n", - "P_D= V_CE*I_C # in W\n", - "print \"The value of I_B = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "print \"The value of V_CE = %0.2f volts\" %V_CE\n", - "print \"The value of P_D = %0.1f mW\" %(P_D*10**3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_B = 9.3 \u00b5A\n", - "The value of I_C = 2.79 mA\n", - "The value of V_CE = 4.42 volts\n", - "The value of P_D = 12.3 mW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.6\n", - ": Page No 241" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "bita= 100 \n", - "V_BE= 0 # in V\n", - "V_BB= 15 # in V\n", - "R_B= 470 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "V_CC= 15 # in V\n", - "R_C= 3.6 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "I_B= (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "I_C= bita*I_B # in A\n", - "V_CE= V_CC-I_C*R_C # in V\n", - "I_E= I_C+I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "print \"The collector current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "print \"The value of V_CE = %0.2f volts\" %V_CE\n", - "print \"The emitter current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_E*10**3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 31.9 \u00b5A\n", - "The collector current = 3.19 mA\n", - "The value of V_CE = 3.51 volts\n", - "The emitter current = 3.22 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.7\n", - ": Page No 242 " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "bita= 100 \n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "V_BB= 15 # in V\n", - "R_B= 470 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "V_CC= 15 # in V\n", - "R_C= 3.6 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "I_B= (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "I_C= bita*I_B # in A\n", - "V_CE= V_CC-I_C*R_C # in V\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "print \"The collector current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "print \"The value of V_CE = %0.2f volts\" %V_CE" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 30.4 \u00b5A\n", - "The collector current = 3.04 mA\n", - "The value of V_CE = 4.05 volts\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.8\n", - ": Page No 255" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "%matplotlib inline\n", - "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC= 15 # in V\n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_C= 1 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R_E= 2 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R1= 10 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R1= R1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R2= 5 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R2= R2*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "V_CE= np.arange(0,V_CC,0.1)\n", - "I_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/(R_C+R_E)*10**3 # in mA\n", - "plt.plot(V_CE,I_C) \n", - "plt.plot([0,8.55],[2.15,2.15], '--',)\n", - "plt.plot([8.55,8.55],[0,2.15], '--')\n", - "plt.xlabel('V_CE in volts')\n", - "plt.ylabel('I_C in mA')\n", - "plt.title('DC load line') \n", - "V_B= V_CC*R2/(R1+R2) # in V\n", - "I_E= (V_B-V_BE)/R_E # in A\n", - "I_C= I_E # in A\n", - "I_CQ= I_C # in A\n", - "V_CE= V_CC-I_C*(R_C+R_E) # in V\n", - "print \"Q-point is : \",round(V_CE,2),\" V\",round(I_CQ*10**3,2),\" mA\"\n", - "print \"DC load line shown in figure\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Q-point is : 8.55 V 2.15 mA\n", - "DC load line shown in figure\n" - ] - }, - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data", - "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXsAAAEaCAYAAADwlvf0AAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nYII=\n", - "text": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff2041da990>" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.9\n", - ": Page No 258" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BB= 1.8 # in V\n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "R1= 10 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R2= 2.2 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_E= 1 # in k\u03a9\n", - "bita= 200 \n", - "R= R1*R2/(R1+R2) # in k\u03a9\n", - "R=R*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "I_E= (V_BB-V_BE)/(R_E+R/bita) # in mA\n", - "print \"The emitter current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_E*10**3)\n", - "print \"This is extremely close to 1.1 mA, the value we get with the simplified analysis.\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The emitter current = 1.09 mA\n", - "This is extremely close to 1.1 mA, the value we get with the simplified analysis.\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 14 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.10\n", - ": Page No 261" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC= 10 # in V\n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "V_CE= 5 # in V\n", - "bita= 100 \n", - "I_C= 5 # in mA\n", - "# Applying KVL to collector circuit, V_CC-V_CE-I_C*R_C =0\n", - "R_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/I_C # in k\u03a9\n", - "print \"The value of R_C = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R_C\n", - "I_B= I_C/bita # in mA\n", - "print \"The value of I_B = %0.f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**3)\n", - "# Applying KVL to base circuit, V_CC-I_B*R_B-V_BE= 0\n", - "R_B= (V_CC-V_BE)/I_B # in k\u03a9\n", - "print \"The value of R_B = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R_B" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of R_C = 1 k\u03a9\n", - "The value of I_B = 50 \u00b5A\n", - "The value of R_B = 186 k\u03a9\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 17 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.11\n", - ": Page No 261" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "%matplotlib inline\n", - "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC= 6 # in V\n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "bita= 100 \n", - "R_C= 2 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R_B= 530 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R1= 10 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R1= R1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R2= 5 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R2= R2*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "V_CE= np.arange(0,V_CC,0.1) # in V\n", - "I_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/(R_C)*10**3 # in mA\n", - "plt.plot(V_CE,I_C) \n", - "plt.xlabel('V_CE in volts') \n", - "plt.ylabel('I_C in mA')\n", - "plt.plot([0,4],[1,1], '--',)\n", - "plt.plot([4,4],[0,1], '--')\n", - "plt.title('DC load line') \n", - "I_B= (V_CC-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "I_CQ= I_B*bita # in A\n", - "V_CE= V_CC-I_CQ*R_C # in V\n", - "print \"Q-point is : (\",round(V_CE,),\"V\",round(I_CQ*10**3),\"mA )\"\n", - "print \"DC load line shown in figure\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Q-point is : ( 4.0 V 1.0 mA )\n", - "DC load line shown in figure\n" - ] - }, - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data", - "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYIAAAEaCAYAAAAcz1CnAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nSUVORK5CYII=\n", - "text": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff1eee33190>" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.12\n", - ": Page No 265" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC= 12 # in V\n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "bita= 100 \n", - "R_C= 10 # in k\u03a9\n", - "R_C=R_C*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R_B= 100 # in \u03a9\n", - "R_B=R_B*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "I_BQ= (V_CC-V_BE)/((1+bita)*R_C+R_B) # in A\n", - "I_CQ= bita*I_BQ # in A\n", - "V_CEQ= V_CC-(I_CQ+I_BQ)*R_C # in volts\n", - "print \"Q-Point value for the circuit =\",round(V_CEQ,3),\"V and\",round(I_CQ*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n", - "# For dc load line when \n", - "I_C=0 \n", - "V_CE= V_CC-(I_C+I_BQ)*R_C # in V\n", - "print \"At I_C=0, the value of V_CE = %0.2f volts\" %V_CE\n", - "# When\n", - "V_CE= 0 \n", - "I_C= (V_CC-I_BQ*R_C)/R_C # in A\n", - "print \"At V_CE=0, the value of I_C = %0.1f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Q-Point value for the circuit = 1.718 V and 1.018 mA\n", - "At I_C=0, the value of V_CE = 11.90 volts\n", - "At V_CE=0, the value of I_C = 1.2 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 23 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.13\n", - ": Page No 266" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BE= 0.7 # in V\n", - "V_CC= 15 # in V\n", - "V_CE= 5 # in V\n", - "I_C= 5 # in mA\n", - "I_C=I_C*10**-3 # in A\n", - "bita= 100 \n", - "I_B= I_C/bita # in A\n", - "# Applying KVL to collector circuit, V_CC= (I_C+I_B)*R_C+V_CE\n", - "R_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/(I_C+I_B) # in \u03a9\n", - "# Applying KVL to base circuit, V_CC= (I_C+I_B)*R_C+I_B*R_B+V_BE\n", - "R_B= (V_CC-V_BE-R_C*(I_C+I_B))/I_B # in \u03a9\n", - "print \"The value of R_C = %0.2f k\u03a9\" %(R_C*10**-3)\n", - "print \"The value of R_B = %0.f k\u03a9\" %(R_B*10**-3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of R_C = 1.98 k\u03a9\n", - "The value of R_B = 86 k\u03a9\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 25 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.14\n", - ": Page No 267" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "I_B= 20*10**-6 # in A\n", - "V_CE= 7.3 # in V\n", - "V_BE= 0.6 # in V\n", - "V_E= 2.1 # in V\n", - "R_E= 0.68*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "R_C= 2.7*10**3 # in \u03a9\n", - "I_E= V_E/R_E # in A\n", - "I_C= I_E # in A (approx)\n", - "bita= round(I_C/I_B) \n", - "V_CC= V_CE+I_C*R_C+I_E*R_E # in V\n", - "# From V_CC= I_B*R_B+V_BE+V_E\n", - "R_B= (V_CC-(V_BE+V_E))/I_B # in \u03a9\n", - "print \"The value of bita = %0.f\" %bita\n", - "print \"The value of V_CC = %0.1f volts\" %V_CC\n", - "print \"The value of R_B = %0.f k\u03a9\" %(R_B*10**-3)\n", - "\n", - "# Note: In the book, there is an error to calculate the value of R_B, hence the value of R_B in the book is wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of bita = 154\n", - "The value of V_CC = 17.7 volts\n", - "The value of R_B = 752 k\u03a9\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 27 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.15\n", - ": Page No 268" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 18 # in V\n", - "bita = 90 \n", - "R_C = 2.2 * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 1.8*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_B = 510*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = V_CC/( (bita*(R_C+R_E))+R_B ) # in A\n", - "I_C = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.1f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_CE = I_B*R_B # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_CE = %0.1f V\" %V_CE" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_C = 1.9 mA\n", - "The value of V_CE = 10.6 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 29 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.16\n", - ": Page No 269" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "bita = 50 \n", - "V_CC = 12 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 240 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_C = 2.35 * 10**-3 # in A\n", - "R_C = 2.2 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_BQ = (V_CC - V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_BQ = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_BQ*10**6)\n", - "I_CQ = bita*I_BQ # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_CQ = %0.2f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n", - "V_CEQ = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_CEQ = %0.2f V\" %V_CEQ\n", - "V_B = V_BE # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_B = %0.1f V\" %V_B\n", - "V_BC = V_B -V_CEQ # in V\n", - "print \"The voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_BC\n", - "\n", - "# Note: In the book, there is a calculation error to evaluating the value of V_CEQ. So the answer in the book is wrong" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_BQ = 47.08 \u00b5A\n", - "The value of I_CQ = 2.35 mA\n", - "The value of V_CEQ = 6.83 V\n", - "The value of V_B = 0.7 V\n", - "The voltage = -6.13 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 31 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.17\n", - ": Page No 269" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 18 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_C = 3.3 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_B = 210 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 75 \n", - "R_C = 3.3 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 510 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_CC-V_BE)/( R_C+R_B+bita*(R_C+R_E) ) # A\n", - "print \"The value of I_B = %0.f \u00b5A\" %round(I_B*10**6)\n", - "I_C = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.1f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_C = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"The voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_C" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_B = 35 \u00b5A\n", - "The value of I_C = 2.6 mA\n", - "The voltage = 9.42 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 33 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.18\n", - ": Page No 271" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "I_B = 40 * 10**-6 # in A\n", - "V_CC = 20 # in V (From the load line)\n", - "print \"The voltage = %0.f V\" %V_CC\n", - "I_C = 8 # in mA\n", - "R_C = V_CC/I_C # in kohm\n", - "print \"The resistance = %0.1f kohm\" %R_C\n", - "R_B = (V_CC - V_BE)/I_B # in ohm\n", - "print \"The resistance = %0.1f kohm\" %(R_B*10**-3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The voltage = 20 V\n", - "The resistance = 2.5 kohm\n", - "The resistance = 482.5 kohm\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 35 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.19\n", - ": Page No 271" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "R1 = 47 # in kohm\n", - "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R2 = 10 # in kohm\n", - "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 1.1 # in kohm\n", - "R_E = R_E * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_C = 2.4 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "V_CC = -18 # in V\n", - "V_B = (R2*V_CC)/(R1+R2) # in V\n", - "V_BE = -0.7 # in V\n", - "V_E = V_B - V_BE # in V\n", - "I_E = abs(V_E)/R_E # in A\n", - "V_CE = V_CC + (I_E)*(R_C+R_E) # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_B = %0.2f volts\" %V_B\n", - "print \"The value of I_E = %0.2f mA\" %(I_E*10**3)\n", - "print \"The value of V_CE = %0.2f V\" %V_CE" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of V_B = -3.16 volts\n", - "The value of I_E = 2.23 mA\n", - "The value of V_CE = -10.18 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 37 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.20\n", - ": Page No 273" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BE = 0.8 # in V\n", - "V_CE = 0.2 # in V\n", - "V1 = 5 # in V\n", - "R_B = 50 # in kohm\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_C = 3 # in K ohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 100 \n", - "R_E = 2 # in kohm\n", - "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V1-V_BE)/(R_B+(1+bita)*R_E) # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_B = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "V_CC = 10 # in V\n", - "I_Csat = (V_CC - V_CE - (I_B*R_E))/(R_C+R_E) #in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_C(sat) = %0.3f mA\" %(I_Csat*10**3)\n", - "I_Bmin = I_Csat /bita # in A\n", - "print \"The minimum value of I_B = %0.3f \u00b5A\" %(I_Bmin*10**6)\n", - "\n", - "# Note: There is calculation error to evaluate the value of I_Csat in the book, so the answer in the book is wrong" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_B = 16.67 \u00b5A\n", - "The value of I_C(sat) = 1.953 mA\n", - "The minimum value of I_B = 19.533 \u00b5A\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 40 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.21\n", - ": Page No 274" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "R1 = 5 # in kohm\n", - "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R2 = 5 # in kohm\n", - "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_B = R1*R2/(R1+R2) # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 1 # in kohm\n", - "R_E = R_E * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "V_EE = 3 # in V\n", - "V_Th = (R2*V_EE)/(R1+R2) # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "bita = 44 \n", - "I_B = (V_EE - V_BE - V_Th)/( ((1+bita)*R_E)+R_B) # in A\n", - "I_BQ = I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_BQ = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_BQ*10**6)\n", - "I_C = bita*I_BQ # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "I_E = (1+bita)*I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_E = %0.3f mA\" %(I_E*10**3)\n", - "V_EC = (I_E*R_E)-V_EE # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_EC = %0.3f V\" %V_EC\n", - "print \"Q-point = (\",round(V_EC,3),\"V\",round(I_C*10**3,2),\"mA )\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_BQ = 16.84 \u00b5A\n", - "The value of I_C = 0.74 mA\n", - "The value of I_E = 0.758 mA\n", - "The value of V_EC = -2.242 V\n", - "Q-point = ( -2.242 V 0.74 mA )\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 45 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.22\n", - ": Page No 275" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "V_BB = 5 # in V\n", - "R_B = 100 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 2 # in kohm\n", - "R_E = R_E * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 100 \n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/( R_B+((1+bita)*R_E) ) # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_B = %0.3f mA\" %(I_B*10**3)\n", - "V_B = V_BB-(I_B*10**-3*R_B) # in V\n", - "I_C = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.1f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_CC = 10 # in V\n", - "V_C = V_CC-(I_C*R_E) # in V\n", - "print \"The voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_C\n", - "print \"Transistor is in active region is valid\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_B = 0.014 mA\n", - "The value of I_C = 1.4 mA\n", - "The voltage = 7.2 V\n", - "Transistor is in active region is valid\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 49 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.23\n", - ": Page No 276 " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 20 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 430 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = 430 * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 50 \n", - "R_E = 1 # in kohm\n", - "R_E = R_E * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_C = 2 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_CC - V_BE)/(R_B +(1+bita)*R_E) # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "I_C = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The collector current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_CE = V_CC - I_C*(R_C+R_E) # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_CE = %0.2f V\" %V_CE\n", - "V_C = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_C = %0.2f V\" %V_C\n", - "V_E = V_C - V_CE # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_E = %0.2f V\" %V_E\n", - "V_B = V_BE+V_E # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_B = %0.2f V\" %V_B\n", - "V_BC = V_B-V_C # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_BC = %0.2f V\" %V_BC" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 40.1 \u00b5A\n", - "The collector current = 2.01 mA\n", - "The value of V_CE = 13.98 V\n", - "The value of V_C = 15.99 V\n", - "The value of V_E = 2.01 V\n", - "The value of V_B = 2.71 V\n", - "The value of V_BC = -13.28 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 51 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.24\n", - ": Page No 277" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 20 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 680 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_C = 4.7 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 120 \n", - "I_B = (V_CC - V_BE)/(R_B+bita*R_C) # in A\n", - "I_CQ = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The value of I_CQ = %0.2f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n", - "V_CEQ = V_CC - (I_CQ*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_CEQ = %0.2f V\" %V_CEQ\n", - "V_B = V_BE # in V\n", - "V_C = 11.26 # in V\n", - "V_E = 0 # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_E = %0.f V\" %V_E\n", - "V_BC = V_B - V_C # in V\n", - "print \"The value of V_BC = %0.2f V\" %V_BC" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The value of I_CQ = 1.86 mA\n", - "The value of V_CEQ = 11.25 V\n", - "The value of V_E = 0 V\n", - "The value of V_BC = -10.56 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 52 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.25\n", - ": Page No 278" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 16 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 470 # in kohm\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 120 \n", - "R_C = 3.6 # in kohm\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 0.51 # in kohm\n", - "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_CC - V_BE)/(R_B+bita*(R_C+R_E)) # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "I_C = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The collector current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_C = V_CC - I_C*R_C # in V\n", - "print \"The collector voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_C" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 15.88 \u00b5A\n", - "The collector current = 1.91 mA\n", - "The collector voltage = 9.14 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 53 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.26\n", - ": Page No 279" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 10 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 250 # in kohm\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 90 \n", - "R_C = 4.7 # in kohm\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 1.2 # in kohm\n", - "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_BQ = (V_CC - V_BE)/(R_B + bita*(R_C+R_E)) # in A\n", - "print \"The base current at Q-point = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_BQ*10**6)\n", - "I_CQ = bita*I_BQ # in A\n", - "print \"The collector current at Q-point = %0.2f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n", - "V_CEQ = V_CC - (I_CQ*(R_C+R_E)) # in V\n", - "print \"Collector emitter voltage at Q point = %0.3f V\" %V_CEQ" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current at Q-point = 11.91 \u00b5A\n", - "The collector current at Q-point = 1.07 mA\n", - "Collector emitter voltage at Q point = 3.677 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 55 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.27\n", - ": Page No 281" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 12 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 150 # in kohm\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 180 \n", - "R_C = 4.7 # in kohm\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_E = 3.3 # in kohm\n", - "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_CC-V_BE)/(R_B + bita*(R_C+R_E)) # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 7.11 \u00b5A\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 58 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.28\n", - ": Page No 282" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_B = 4 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_E = 1.2 # in kohm\n", - "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "V_E = V_B-V_BE # in V\n", - "R_C = 2.2 # in kohm\n", - "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "R_B= 330 # in kohm\n", - "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "bita = 180 \n", - "I_B = 7.11 * 10**-6 # in A\n", - "V_CC = 18 # in V\n", - "print \"Part (a)\"\n", - "print \"The value of V_E = %0.1f V\" %V_E\n", - "I_C = V_E/R_E # in A\n", - "print \"Part (b)\"\n", - "print \"The value of I_C = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_C =V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"Part (c)\"\n", - "print \"The value of V_C = %0.2f V\" %V_C\n", - "V_CE = V_C-V_E # in V\n", - "print \"Part (d)\"\n", - "print \"The value of V_CE = %0.2f V\" %V_CE\n", - "I_B = (V_CC - (I_C*R_C) - V_BE - V_E)/R_B # in A\n", - "print \"Part (e)\"\n", - "print \"Base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "bita = I_C/I_B \n", - "print \"Part (f)\"\n", - "print \"Current gain = %0.f\" %bita" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part (a)\n", - "The value of V_E = 3.3 V\n", - "Part (b)\n", - "The value of I_C = 2.75 mA\n", - "Part (c)\n", - "The value of V_C = 11.95 V\n", - "Part (d)\n", - "The value of V_CE = 8.65 V\n", - "Part (e)\n", - "Base current = 24.09 \u00b5A\n", - "Part (f)\n", - "Current gain = 114\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 62 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.29\n", - ": Page No 284" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "I_E = 10 # in mA\n", - "I_C = 9.95 # in mA\n", - "I_B = I_E-I_C # in mA\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.2f mA\" %I_B" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 0.05 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 63 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.30\n", - ": Page No 284" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "I_C = 10 # in mA\n", - "I_B = 0.1 # in mA\n", - "bita = I_C/I_B \n", - "print \"The current gain = %0.f\" %bita" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The current gain = 100\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 64 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.31\n", - ": Page No 284" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "V_BB = 10 # in V\n", - "R_B = 470 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 19.79 \u00b5A\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 66 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.32\n", - ": Page No 285" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BB = 10 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0 # in V\n", - "R_B = 470 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B * 10**3 # in ohm \n", - "I_B = (V_BB - V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "bita = 200 \n", - "I_C = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "V_CC = 10 # in V\n", - "R_C = 820 # in ohm\n", - "V_CE = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"Part (a) : For ideal approximation\"\n", - "print \"The collector emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_CE\n", - "P_D = V_CE * I_C # in W\n", - "print \"Power dissipation = %0.2f mW\" %(P_D*10**3)\n", - "print \"Part (b) : For second approximation\"\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "I_C = bita*I_B # in A\n", - "V_CE = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"The collector emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_CE\n", - "P_D = V_CE * I_C # in W\n", - "print \"Power dissipation = %0.2f mW\" %(P_D*10**3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part (a) : For ideal approximation\n", - "The collector emitter voltage = 6.51 V\n", - "Power dissipation = 27.70 mW\n", - "Part (b) : For second approximation\n", - "The collector emitter voltage = 6.75 V\n", - "Power dissipation = 26.73 mW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 69 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.33\n", - ": Page No 286" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BE = 0 # in V\n", - "V_BB = 12 # in V\n", - "R_B = 680 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "beta_dc = 175 \n", - "I_C = beta_dc*I_B # in A\n", - "V_CC = 12 # in V\n", - "R_C = 1.5 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "V_CE = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"Part (a) For ideal approximation\"\n", - "print \"The collector emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_CE\n", - "P_D = V_CE * I_C # in mW\n", - "print \"Transistor power = %0.2f mW\" %(P_D*10**3)\n", - "print \"Part (b) For second approximation\"\n", - "V_BE1 = 0.7 # in V\n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE1)/R_B # in A\n", - "I_C = beta_dc * I_B # in A\n", - "V_CE = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"Collector emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_CE\n", - "P_D = V_CE * I_C # in W\n", - "print \"Power dissipation = %0.2f mW\" %(P_D*10**3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Part (a) For ideal approximation\n", - "The collector emitter voltage = 7.37 V\n", - "Transistor power = 22.75 mW\n", - "Part (b) For second approximation\n", - "Collector emitter voltage = 7.64 V\n", - "Power dissipation = 22.21 mW\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 71 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.34\n", - ": Page No 288" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "%matplotlib inline\n", - "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", - "import numpy as np\n", - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 20 # in V\n", - "R_C = 3.3 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_C = V_CC/R_C # in A\n", - "print \"Collector current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_CE = V_CC # in V\n", - "print \"Collector emitter voltage = %0.f V\" %V_CE\n", - "V_CE=np.arange(0,20,0.1) # in V\n", - "I_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/(R_C*10**-3) # in mA\n", - "plt.plot(V_CE,I_C) \n", - "plt.xlabel('V_CE in volts')\n", - "plt.ylabel('I_C in mA')\n", - "plt.title('DC load line')\n", - "print \"DC load line shown in figure\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "Collector current = 6.06 mA\n", - "Collector emitter voltage = 20 V\n", - "DC load line shown in figure" - ] - }, - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "\n" - ] - }, - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "display_data", - "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXwAAAEaCAYAAAASSuyNAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\n", - "text": [ - "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff2041850d0>" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.35\n", - ": Page No 289" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BB = 10 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 1 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = 1 * 10**6 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "beta_dc = 200 \n", - "I_C = beta_dc * I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The collector current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_CC = 20 # in V\n", - "R_C = 3.3 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "V_CE = V_CC - I_C*R_C # in V\n", - "print \"The collector voltage = %0.3f V\" %V_CE" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 9.3 \u00b5A\n", - "The collector current = 1.86 mA\n", - "The collector voltage = 13.862 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 73 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.36\n", - ": Page No 290" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BB = 5 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R_B = 680 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = 680*10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %(I_B*10**6)\n", - "beta_dc= 150 \n", - "I_C = beta_dc * I_B # in A\n", - "print \"The collector current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n", - "V_CC = 5 # in V\n", - "R_C = 470 # in ohm\n", - "V_CE = V_CC-(I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"Voltage between collector and ground = %0.2f V\" %V_CE" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 6.32 \u00b5A\n", - "The collector current = 0.95 mA\n", - "Voltage between collector and ground = 4.55 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 75 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.37\n", - ": Page No 291" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BB = 2.5 # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "V_E = V_BB-V_BE # in V\n", - "print \"The emitter voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_E\n", - "R_E = 1.8 # in kohm\n", - "R_E = R_E * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_E = V_E/R_E # in A\n", - "I_C= I_E # in A\n", - "V_CC = 20 # in V\n", - "R_C = 10 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "V_C = V_CC-(I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"The collector voltage = %0.f V\" %V_C" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The emitter voltage = 1.8 V\n", - "The collector voltage = 10 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 77 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.38\n", - ": Page No 292" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_CC = 25 # in V\n", - "R2 = 2.2 # in kohm\n", - "R1 = 10 # in kohm\n", - "V_BB = (V_CC * R2)/(R1+R2) # in V\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "V_E = V_BB - V_BE # in V\n", - "print \"The emitter voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_E\n", - "R_E = 1 # in kohm\n", - "R_E = R_E * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_E = V_E/R_E # in A\n", - "I_C= I_E # in A\n", - "V_CC = 25 # in V\n", - "R_C = 3.6 # in kohm\n", - "R_C = R_C * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "V_C = V_CC - (I_C*R_C) # in V\n", - "print \"Collector voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_C" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The emitter voltage = 3.8 V\n", - "Collector voltage = 11.29 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 78 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 4.39\n", - ": Page No 293 " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Given data\n", - "V_BB = 4.50 # in V\n", - "V_E = 3.8 # in V\n", - "V_C = 11.32 # in V\n", - "I_C = 3.8 # in mA\n", - "I_C=I_C*10**-3 # in A\n", - "V_BE = 0.7 # in V\n", - "R1 = 10 # in kohm\n", - "R2 = 2.2 # in kohm\n", - "R_B = (R1*R2)/(R1+R2) # in kohm\n", - "R_B = R_B * 10**3 # in ohm\n", - "I_B = (V_BB-V_BE)/R_B # in A\n", - "print \"The base current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_B*10**3)\n", - "V_CE = V_C-V_E # in V\n", - "print \"Collector emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_CE\n", - "print \"Thus the Q-point is :\",round(V_CE,2),\"V\",round(I_B*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n", - "\n", - "# Note: There is calculation error to evaluate the value of I_B. So the answer in the book is wrong." - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The base current = 2.11 mA\n", - "Collector emitter voltage = 7.52 V\n", - "Thus the Q-point is : 7.52 V 2.11 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 80 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
\ No newline at end of file |